122 DRAPARNALDIA-CHÆTOPHORA. In streams and wells, common.-Less regularly branched than the preceding, more massed together, and of a paler colour, with broadly-ovate, generally alternate pencils of ramuli. Perhaps only a variety. 3. D. tenuis, Ag.; irregularly branched; ramuli simple, sub-fasciculate; primary filaments partially coloured. Harv. 1. c. p. 388. Conf. lubrica, Dillw. t. 57. Conf. protensa, Dillw. t. 67. On the rocky bottoms of rivulets.-Filaments very slender, 4-6 inches long, irregularly or sub-alternately branched, more or less furnished with scattered or sub-fasciculate ramuli, whose tips are either acute or drawn ont into long, setaceous, colourless points. Joints of the main filaments and ramuli partially coloured, or transversely banded. At first the filaments are enclosed, in the manner of a Chatophora, in a common, somewhat definite gelatine; afterwards, on this bursting, they issue from it like a Conferva, but are at all times very gelatinous. Colour a fine rich green, fading to yellowish in the herbarium. LXVII. CHETOPHORA. Ag. Frond gelatinous, globose or lobed, rarely plane and crustaceous, composed of numerous filaments aggregated together, and issuing from a common base. Filaments articulated, branched; articulations of the branches nearly colourless, of the ramuli coloured. Capsules globose, attached to the ramuli.-Name, xairn, a bristle, and popew, to bear; the ramuli are, in some stage of growth, tipped with long, setaceous points or bristles. Fructification has only been found on C. pisiformis and C. pellita. * In fresh water. (Genuinæ). 1. C. endiviæfolia, Ag.; frond elongated, filiform, somewhat compressed, sub-dichotomously branched. Harv. in Hook. Br. Fl. ii. p. 389. Ulva incrassata, E. Bot. 967. In lakes and streams, not uncommon.-Frond 1 or 2 inches high, much branched, and resembling a stag's horn; branches 1-4 lines in diameter, either cylindrical or compressed. Colour a yellow-green. A beautiful microscopic object. 2. C. tuberculosa, Hook.; frond at first globose and firm, afterwards much lobed, fragile and hollow; filaments very slender, flexuous, hyaline; ramuli coloured, palmato-fasciculate. Harv. l. c. p. 382. Rivularia tuberculosa, E. Bot. t. 2366. In boggy pools, on sticks and aquatic plants.--Fronds bright green, an inch or more in diameter. 3. C. elegans, Ag.; "frond sub-globose, gelatinous, solid, green; filaments sub-dichotomous; ramuli fastigiate, atten uate; the apices produced beyond the gelatine." Carm. Harv. l. c. p. 389. On sticks, &c., in stagnant pools.-Fronds a quarter to half an inch in diameter, bright green. 4. C. pisiformis, Ag.; "frond sub-globose, fleshy, green; filaments sub-dichotomous, obtuse; sporidia globose, axillary." Carm.-Harv. l. c. p. 389; Berk. Alg. t. 1. f. 1. C. elegans, Grev. Crypt. t. 150. On sticks, &c., in sub-alpine lakes.-" Sporidia globular, green, scattered among the upper branches of the filaments." Carm. Similar fruit is figured by The Rev. M. J. Berkeley, in the first number of his 'Gleanings of British Alge.' This scarcely differs from the preceding. 5. C. longæva, Carm. "frond indefinitely effused, incrusting, gelatinous, green; filaments sub-dichotomous; ramuli produced, proliferous towards the apex." Carm.-Harv. l. c. p. 389. In a boggy streamlet at Appin, Capt. Carmichael.-" Fronds continuous, or so closely set as to have that appearance, of a delicate green colour, and more flaccid than those of C. elegans, apparently from a deficiency of gelatine; filaments in all respects similar to those of the other species, except in being mostly proliferous." Carm. ** Marine. (Spuriæ). 6. C. Berkleyi, Grev.; "frond depressed, brown, subhemisphærical; main branches somewhat anastomosing, ultimate ones fasciculate." Berk. Gl. Alg. t. 1, f. 2; Harv. l. c. p. 390; Wyatt, Alg. Danm. No. 231. On limestone rocks in the sea. Torquay, Rev. M. J. Berkeley. Tor Abbey Rocks, Mrs. Wyatt.—" Frond depressed, brown, spongy, sub-hemisphærical or irregular, from two or more individuals becoming confluent.— Filaments very closely packed, branched and somewhat anastomosing below; the upper ramuli darker and fasciculate, some of the lateral ones being very much drawn out and diaphanous. Articulations not exactly cylindrical, in the main branches about three times as long as broad, greenish in the centre, diaphanous at the two extremities; in the upper fasciculate branches scarcely so long as broad, and entirely filled with dull greenish granules." Berk. Alg. p. 5. 7. C. pellita, Lyngb.; frond purple-brown, crustaceous, gelatinoso-coriaceous, indefinitely spreading. Harv. l. c. p. 390; Berk. Alg. t. 1, f. 3. On rocks and stones in the sea, about half-tide level. Winter. Appin, Capt. Carmichael. Oban, Rev. M. J. Berkeley. Miltoun Malbay. Forming roundish crusts on the surface of rocks, from one to three inches in diameter, of a dark reddish-brown colour.-Filaments minute, erect, tufted, sub-simple, elegantly variegated. "Sporidia between obovate and clavate, lodged at the base of the filaments. On being disengaged, they separate, as in some of the Fuci, into three or four roundish portions.” Carm. This fructification appears to be of rare occurrence. It was not till after an examination of more than 100 specimens, that Capt. Carmichael was so fortunate as to discover it in the month of February. LXVIII. MYRIONEMA. Grev. 66 Mass gelatinous, (exceedingly minute), effused, composed of very short, clavate, erect, mostly simple filaments, fixed at their base to a thin expansion." (Grev.) Fruit: capsules at the base among the filaments.-Name, uupios, a thousand, and nua, a filament. A genus of minute parasites, of doubtful affinity. It rather belongs to the series Melanospermeæ. 1. M. strangulans, Grev.; "sub-convex, confluent; filaments sub-cylindrical, simple; capsules shortly pedicellated, affixed to the basal lamina." Grev. Crypt. t. 300; Hook. Br. Fl. ii. p. 391. In the sea, parasitical on several Ulve.-Forming dark brown spots, 1 or 2 lines in diameter, often, when growing on Enteromorpha, forming a ring round the branches. 2. M. punctiforme, Harv.; very minute, plane, scattered; filaments attenuate at the base, simple; capsules sessile, affixed to the filaments. Harv. l. c. p. 391. Linkia punctiformis, Lyngb. t. 66; Carm. MSS. cum icone. On Chylocladia clavellosa, at Appin, Capt. Carmichael. On Ceramium rubrum, at Torquay, Mrs. Griffiths.—Forming a brown spot, half a line iu diameter. A beautiful microscopic object. 3. M. clavatum, Harv.; very minute, rather convex; filaments clavate, mostly bifid; capsules pedicellate, affixed to the filaments. Harv. l. c. p. 391. Linkia clavata, Carm. MSS. cum icone. "On a thin, purplish crust, which covers the pebbles at the half-tide level. The parasite is so much of the colour of the crust, that it requires a microscope to detect it." Capt. Carmichael. TRIBE 17. CONFERVEÆ. LXIX. CONFERVA. Ag. Filaments articulated, free, distinct, uniform, simple or branched. Fruit an internal, coloured, granular mass, (endochrome). Colour green, rarely purple.-Name, from conferruminare, to consolidate; some of the species having been considered by the ancients useful in the healing of fractured limbs. Clavis. A. Filaments simple. (Sp. 1—36). a. Filaments decumbent, forming strata of a purple colour. Alpine bogs. (1-3). b. Filaments elongated, floating, forming green strata in fresh water, rarely attached. (4-15). c. Filaments forming crisped, entangled strata, green; growing in the d. Filaments tufted, straight, green; inhabiting the sea. (24—30). f. Filaments purple or pink, tufted. (36, 37). B. Filaments branched. (Sp. 38-61). a. Inhabiting fresh water, or on damp ground. (38-14). b. Inhabiting the sea. (45—61). A. Filaments simple. a. Filaments decumbent, very slender, forming strata of a purple colour. Alpine bogs. 1. C. ericetorum, Roth.; filaments very slender, simple, forming a thin, dull purple stratum; articulations a little longer than broad; endochrome dark coloured, filling the tube, finally bipartite, unaltered in drying. Harv. in Hook. Br. Fl. ii. p. 350; E. Bot. t. 1553; Grev. Crypt. t. 261, f. 1. On dry heaths, abundant; occasionally in water.-Forms a dense stratum of indefinite extent. 2. C. purpurascens, Carm. ; filaments very slender, simple, forming a cloudy, floating, purple stratum; articulations once or twice as long as broad; endochrome collapsed, pale, rarely filling the tube. Harv. l. c. p. 350. C. ericetorum, B. aquatica, Ag. Syst. p. 87. In old turf pits and boggy pools.-"At first occurring as a dusky-green cloud, diffused throughout the water, gradually changing to a pretty bright purple, and rising in a bullated stratum to the surface. Granular mass collapsed into a great variety of forms, generally attached to one side of the tube. It adheres firmly to paper. With C. ericetorum it has no affinity, except in colour." Carm. MSS. 3. C. alpina, Bory; filaments simple, very slender, purple, floating; articulations four times as long as broad; endo chrome collapsed, rarely filling the tube. Harv, l. c. p. 350; Grev. Crypt. t. 261, f. 2. In sub-alpine rivulets. Abundant in the Highlands of Scotland, Dr. Greville.-Filaments very fine, of a bright purple colour, forming floating strata of considerable extent. b. Filaments elongated, floating, rarely attached, flaccid, forming green strata. Inhabit fresh water. 4. C. bombycina, Ag.; filaments excessively fine, forming a cloudy, floating, yellow-green stratum; articulations 3-5 times longer than broad. Harv. l. c. p. 350. Conf. sordida, Dillw. t. 60. In stagnant waters, about the leaves and stems of aquatic plants, common. 5. C. floccosa, Ag. ; filaments very slender, forming pale green, floating strata; articulations once or twice as long as broad. C. fugacissima, Dillw. Suppl. t. B. In ditches and pools, with the preceding.-Very nearly related to C. bombycina, but "much more robust, fine as it is; besides the great disparity of the articulations." Grev. 6. C. zonata, Web. and Mohr.; filaments unequal, forming bright green, lubricous masses; articulations rather longer than broad, marked in the centre with a full green band. Harv. l. c. p. 351. Conf. lubrica, Dillw. t. 47. Ón stones in rivulets. 7. C. subimmersa, Berk.; threads simple, crisped; articulations three times as long as broad; joints pale, with a few scattered, darker dots. Berk. Gl. Alg. t. 13, f. 2. On moist, spongy ground, at the roots of different Junci, at Cotterstock, Northamptonshire, but not immersed in the water, though, like a sponge, always saturated with it. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. 8. C. fontinalis, Ag.; threads short, straight, simple, adnate, rather obtuse, sub-fasciculate; articulations 3-5 times as long as broad, the green masses lighter in the middle. Berk. Gl. Alg. t. 14, f. 1. In ponds, on grass, rushes, &c. Thornhaugh, Northamptonshire, Rev. M. J. Berkeley. Walworth, near Darlington, Mr. W. Backhouse.--Filaments half an inch long, clothing the plants on which it grows with a fine green fringe. 9. C. ochroleuca, Berk.; threads fragile, extremely slender, flexuous, shining; articulations ten times as long as broad, filled in the centre with an ochraceous mass, the extremities pellucid. Berk. Gl. Alg. t. 14, f. 2. "This elegant species is very common in summer, covering the stems |