355. laude: 'merit.'

357. simul his dictis: H. 490, 4; LM. 665; A. 261, b; B. 144, 2; G. 417, 12; (H. 437, 2).

358. olli: cf. I, 254.

359. artes: in apposition with clipeum.

360. Danais: dative of the agent with refixum. See note on I, 326. The Greeks had taken the shield from a temple of Neptune, and perhaps it had come into the hands of Aeneas through Helenus.

361. Hoc munere: H. 426, 6; LM. 535; A. 225, d; B. 187, I, a ; G. 348; (H. 384, II, 2).

362-484. The pugilistic contest is next described. Dares, a Trojan, presents himself as the challenger, but at first no one is disposed to compete with him. Then an old Sicilian of Trojan descent, Entellus, is induced by his friend Acestes to enter the lists. They put on the gauntlets furnished by Aeneas, and begin the fight. Entellus at first stands on the defensive, and merely parries or avoids the blows of his more nimble antagonist. At last the old man aims a blow with immense effort at Dares, who adroitly turns aside, leaving Entellus to fall headlong by the impetus of his own motion. Entellus, thus roused by shame and revenge, rises from the ground, attacks Dares with fury, and gains the victory.

362. peregit: for the tense, see note on postquam, I, 216.

363. animus praesens: 'a prompt spirit.'

364. evinctis palmis: 'the palms being bound'; i.e. with the caestus; not a boxing glove covering the hand, but a coil of leather thongs, filled with lead or iron, and bound around the palm and wrist, sometimes extending to the elbow. See Fig. 45.

366. auro: is, perhaps, best referred to the practice of gilding the horns; and velatum explained as a zeugma.

370. Paridem: the post-Homeric poets represent Paris as a hero excelling in agility, strength, and the use of weapons.

371. ad tumulum: at the funeral games in honor of Hector. which.'

quo: 'in

373. veniens se ferebat, etc.: 'who boasted of his descent from,' etc. As in II, 377, III, 310, the participle agrees with the subject, yet virtually modifies the predicate as if in the accusative. Others render, 'who with huge bulk strode forth (se ferebat) a descendant of,' etc. Amyci: Amycus, king of the Bebrycians, compelled all strangers to contend with him until at length he was killed by Pollux, who had landed with the other Argonauts in Bithynia.

375. prima in proefía: 'for the beginning of the fight'; or possibly prima = primus. He 'first' presented himself.

381. Aeneae: better the dative of reference (equivalent to the genitive of possession) than the genitive.

384. finis: not here 'purpose,' but 'time'; 'what will be the end of delay. ing?' i.e. how long must I remain here? usque: separated from quo by tmesis. 385. Ducere: supply me as the subject.

387. gravis: for graviter, with castigat.

388. ut consederat: 'as (by chance) he had seated himself.'

389. frustra: 'in vain,' if, after all, you suffer another to carry away the prize on the present occasion.

391. nobis: ethical dative; where, pray, is that god of ours?' See note on l. 162.

395. sed enim: 'but in fact' (= áλλà yáp). senecta: with hebet.

An ellipsis is involved

397. qua: governed by fidens. H. 476, 3; LM. 629; A. 254, b; B. 219, 1

Fig. 45. The Caestus (1 401)

G. 401, R. 6; (H. 425, I, I), N.).

400. nec dona moror: 'nor do I regard the gifts.' Cf. II, 287. deinde: see note on l. 14.

402. in proelia: join with ferre. quious: (armed) with which.'

403. intendere: 'bind.'

404. tantorum: with boum conveys the same notion as if it were tum qualifying ingentia — an exaggerated description of the size of the caestus. 406. longe recusat: 'shrinks far back.'

-

407, 408. pondus-versat: 'tries the weight of the gauntlets, and turns over, this way and that, the immense folds themselves.' Their numerous great coils are distinguished from their weight.

410. arma: is added to signify that they were weapons actually used by him in combat.

413. Sanguine, cerebro: the blood and brain of some who had been beaten or killed by Eryx.

414. His: see note on Quibus, 1. 402. suetus: sc. pugnare.

probat: sc. et.

418. Id: is ambiguous, but probably relates to the proposition following, to take equal gauntlets. sedet for sedet animo or placet. auctor: predicate with probat; 'sanctions with his authority.' 421. duplicem amictum: as an old man, he had quietly seated himself, wrapped in a cloak made of coarse cloth doubled.

by the Romans abella.

Such a cloak was called

422. lacertosque is connected with the following verse in scanning. See note on IV, 558.

423. With Exuit in this usage, vestibus is understood.

426. in digitos: join with arrectus.

431. mole: 'in his heavy frame.'

431, 432. trementi labant: may be rendered 'tremble and totter.' Genua : here, a dissyllable, gen-wa. aeger anhelitus: 'troubled panting'; a hard drawing of the breath that betrays infirmity.

433. vulnera: metonymy for verbera.

434. ingeminant: here, transitive, with multa (vulnera) as object.

434, 435. pectore-sonitus: 'wake deep echoes on the chest'; from the blow received. errat: 'play.'

437. gravis: in the predicate, implying that he is fixed and steady by his weight. nisu: 'firm position.'

438. tela exit: 'shuns blows.'

For the accusative after exit, see H. 429,

3; A. 237, d. modo: limits corpore and oculis.

439. Ille: Dares; subject of pererrat (1. 441) and urget (l. 442).

444. a vertice: for desuper; as in I, 114.

446. ultro: 'of his own impulse'; not because struck by his opponent.

450. studiis: 'with eager interest.'

451. caelo: see note on Latio, I, 6.

456. Daren: the form Darela for the accusative also occurs, 1. 460.

457. ille: see note on I, 3, and cf. ll. 186, 398.

458. quam: trans. ‘as,' and join with multa. The correlative would reguJarly be tam instead of sic.

459, 460. densis - Creber: 'frequent with swift following blows'; for versat: 'drives round and round'; as agit toto

densis et crebris ictibus.

Requore, 1. 456.

466. vires alias: 'superhuman strength'; 'do you not perceive that his strength is other (than mortal)?' Some god helps him. Others trans. : 'the strength (of both of you) is changed '; i.e. other than before. conversa numina: that the favor of heaven is changed.' When Entellus fell, the gods seemed to be on the side of Dares; now that they have become adverse, he need not feel disgraced to submit to their power. He is not wanting in prowess, but is only infelix.

467. deo: 'to the god (whoever he may be).'

469. utroque: 'to either side.'

471. vocati: these friends represent Dares.

476. qua a morte: 'from what (certain and cruel) death.' revocatum : 'rescued.' See note on summersas, I, 69.

478. donum pugnae: 'as the prize of the combat.'

479. media inter cornua: right between the horns.'

480. Arduus: 'rising to his full height.'

481. humi: see note on I, 193. Observe the monosyllable closing the verse. H. 738; G. 784, 10; and cf. I, 105; (H. 613, N. 4).

482. super: 'over him.'

483. meliorem animam: Dares would have been slain as a victim to Eryx; but the life of the bull is given as a more acceptable sacrifice. Eryx was the master of Entellus, and has just now, as a god, secured him the victory.

There are four competitors: HipTheir order is determined by lot.

485-644. The trial of skill in archery. pocoön, Mnestheus, Eurytion, Acestes. The mark is a dove fastened by a cord to a ship's mast, erected for the purpose in the 'long circus.' The arrow of Hippocoön strikes the mast, but misses the bird. Mnestheus hits the string only, and the bird escapes. Eurytion kills her on the wing. Acestes discharges his arrow into the air at random. It takes fire and vanishes in the sky. In consequence of this miracle, the old man is pronounced victor.

Fig. 46.-An Ancient Bowman (1.500)

486. qui forte velint: 'such as perchance may wish.'

487. Ingenti manu: 'with powerful hand.' See note on manu, l. 241.

488. traiecto in fune: 'by a string passed around it (the dove's foot).'

489. tendant: see note on I, 20.

492. locus: 'the place'; metonymy for the lot which decided the place or order. Hyrtacidae: Hippocoon and Nisus (IX, 177) are both called sons of Hyrtacus.

494. oliva: Mnestheus, as one of the victors in the ship race, has still the olive wreath on his head. Eurytion, like Hippocoön, is not elsewhere mentioned. His brother Pandarus was famed for archery, and under the direction of Minerva (iussus) had broken off the truce with the Greeks by discharging an arrow at Menelaus. 498. Acestes: metonymy for the name or lot of Acestes.

499. et ipse: 'even he,' though aged.

501. Pro se quisque : each one with all his power.' H. 389, 3; LM. 1069; A. 202, d; G. 318, 3; (H. 461, 3).

502. nervo stridente: ablative absolute.

505. timuit-pennis: the frightened bird showed its fear (timuit) by fluttering with its wings; the ablative expresses instrument.

506. ingenti-plausu: of those viewing the contest.

507. adducto arcu: 'his bow being drawn (to the breast).'

508. Alta petens: 'aiming high.'

512. notos: winds'; governed by the preposition in. For a similar dis placement of the preposition, see II, 654.

513. arcu contenta parato: 'strained on the ready bow.'

514. Tela: for the singular; 'his shaft.' The arrow is said to be strained as well as the bow. See note on l. 507. fratrem: Eurytion invoked the aid of Pandarus, a deified hero, as Entellus (1. 483) that of Eryx.

521. Ostentans: the distant flight of the arrow, and the noise of the bow, would show the strength and skill of old Acestes.

522-524. Hic-vates: 'hereupon a strange sight, sudden and destined to be a portent of great presage, meets their eyes. The great event afterward explained it, and the awful soothsayers interpreted the omens too late.' The event which this omen was intended to foreshadow has never been satisfactorily identified. It perhaps does not refer to the burning of the ships described 11. 659 sqq., but to later events in the history of Sicily, perhaps her wars with Rome.

530-532. nec maximus, etc.: Aeneas regards the prodigy as a token of divine favor toward Acestes, and laetum indicates the same understanding of it on the part of Acestes himself.

533, 534. voluit — auspiciis: 'has made known his will by such tokens.' 534. exsortem: with te, used adverbially; 'apart from the lot,' 'out of due course'; i.e. he drew a prize not provided for among the premiums first proposed.

537. in magno munere: 'as a noble gift.'

538. Ferre: see note on I, 66. sui monumentum: as a memento of himself.'

541. praelato-honori: 'the honor put before (his own).' He is not displeased that an extraordinary gift, eclipsing the first prize, should be presented to Acestes.

543. Proximus ingreditur donis: 'he advances next in gifts'; i.e. next in receiving a prize.

545-603. The cavalry exercise (cursus equorum) of Ascanius and his young companions is introduced in addition to the regular contests, and as a pleasing surprise to the spectators. Three leaders (ductores, magistri), Priamus, Atys, and Ascanius,, command each a troop of twelve boys. They engage in complicated evolutions, compared by the poet to the Labyrinth of Daedalus, and are nearly through with the exercise, when they are suddenly interrupted by the news that the ships are on fire.

The martial game of the boys, here described, was called Troia, and was practiced by the Romans, especially in the time of Virgil, under the patronage of Augustus.

545. nondum-misso: 'when the contest (of the archers) had not yet been ended.' Epytides had been called while the game of archery was still going on, that the troop of boys might be prepared to appear without delay. Certamine is regarded by some editors as equivalent to ludis.