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A. D. hands, he was fo incenfed, that he deftroyed all the places he 1688. came at, as far as Peterwaradin; and then fortified himself with fome thoufand followers in the village of Theleigh, near that city. But general Heufler, on the 6th of February, fell upon him in his trenches with fuch fury, that he was put to flight, leaving fix hundred of his men flain, and four hundred taken prifoners; among whom was Genay, the chief commander next to himself f.

Other comTHE Common people and foldiers at Conftantinople were in motions, hopes, that, on the advancement of Soleymân, a prince, as they imagined, of great fanctity, the divine wrath would be appeafed, and the enemy repelled. But when, on the news of thofe misfortunes, they find themfelves deceived, they throw fatyrical libels, both in prose and verse, into the Jami and Divan, reproaching not only the Wazîr and other nobles, but the Soltan himself, with negligence, and other faults (S). The minifter, to obviate farther mischief, orders a guard to país night and day through the city; prevents nocturnal affemblies, and feizes fome perfons who talked too freely; but, not to add oil to the flames, difmiffes, without feafonably punishing, them (T). At laft, the Soltan's natural timoroufprevented. nefs produces a better remedy than courage could have done : for, under pretence of changing the air, he withdraws from the feditious, by removing with his court to Adrianople. The people indeed feemed to have reafon to complain of the ill adminiftration of affairs; but did not impute it to the proper perfons. How much the treafury was exhausted; and to how great a neceffity that opulent empire was reduced, appeared on this occafion: for there was not in the imperial ftables a number of horses, mules, and camels, fufficient for the courtiers; nor money enough in the treafury to pay for the hire of what were wanting: fo that he ordered the gold and filver veffels, with his jewels, to be publicly fold, in

f RICAUT.

(S) Ricaut informs us, that the libels reflected on the Soltan's intention to remove; and that they petitioned the Wazir to diffuade him.

(T) According to the fame author, he feized all the confpirators in their houses, on the eve before the plot was to be executed; and punished them as their crime deferved. Many

At

officers were difplaced; and 50
perfons, moft Janizaries, were
cut off. But Yeghen, thought
to be the ringleader, was too
great to be meddled with.
laft, 2500 purses, the estates of
two Kizlar Agas, who were put
to death, coming in feasonably
to pay the foldiers arrears, the
Soltan removed to Adrianople in
July.

order

order to fupply his neceffities. At length, departing on hired horfes and chariots, he prevents the fedition juft ready to

break out.

A. D.

1688.

WHEN he arrives at Adrianople, he pretends to apply him- Turks fue felf to the care of the war; but, as his devotions were more for peace. agreeable to him, he fent Zuo'lfikar Effendi (U), clerk of the Fanizaries, and Alexander Maurokordatus (W), interpreter to the Diwân, ambaffadors to the emperor of Germany: under pretence of informing him of his election (X); but, in reality, to settle a peace upon what terms they could pro

cure 8.

re

THE Turks, brought to this extremity, difpatch an Aga to Apafi, prince of Tranfylvania, with a patent to confirm him in his principality; and orders to demand a confiderable fum of money, to pay the garrifons on the Borysthenes (or TranfilNieper); which the declining state of the empire, he said, vania obliged the Porte to exact: at the fame time threatening him volts. with a Tatar incurfion, in cafe he did not comply with the demand. General Caraffa, being informed of this affair, immediately hastes thither; and fo well difpofed Apafi, and the ftates, then met at Hermanftadt, that, rejecting the Aga's propofal, and defpifing his threats, they, on the 9th of May, 1688, abfolutely renounce all obedience to the Othman Porte; and confirm the treaty made with the duke of Lorrain. Hereby they put themselves under the emperor's protection, and receive his forces into their garrifon places (Y), on con

CANT. p. 355, & feqq. & RICAUT.

(U) Yenghicheri Effendifi, a post of great profit; he was in great account at court for his learning-Cant.

famous Panayotti. He experi-
enced various turns of fortune
at that ticklish court; yet died
immenfely rich. In 1709, his
fon Nikholas thereupon was
made prince of Moldavia, then
defpot of Walakhia, and his
brother John, chief interpreter.
Cant.

(W) Grandson of Skarlatos, vulgarly Skarlotti, who was Sorguj, or purveyor, to the court for fheep and oxen, in the reign of Morád IV. His father, Pantelis Maurokordatuş, married Loxandra, daughter of Skarlatos, who, disfigured by the fmallpox, was very rich, and fell in love with him. Alexander first practifed as a phyfician; and then, for his fkill in the oriental languages, was made Bah (Y) Cronstadt, or StephanopoTurjeman, on the death of the lis, after this, rejecting their

(X) And of renewing the antient amity, which his predeceffor had violated: for the Turks thought it below the dignity of the empire to fue for peace in plainer terms.

caut.

Ri

dition,

1

A. D. dition, that their privileges, and the exercife of their reli1688. gion, fhould be confirmed to them ".

THE Wazir Tekkiurdâghi (Z), Mostafa Pafbâ, either thro Alba Re- fear of the Germans, or left the Soltan, in his abfence, fhould galis fur- be perfuaded to put him to death, declines the command of

renders.

Eghen Pafha's fear.

the army; and appoints Rejeb Pafba Serafkier of Hungary. But, before the Othman forces took the field, the garrison of Alba Regalis, which had been blocked up all winter by the Imperialifts, furrendered (A), on the 19th of Rajeb. May 8, 1688, Caraffa had taken the city of Lippa by storm, and the castle yielded in a few days (B). Soon after he reduced Solmoz and Logofh, or Lagos. That general, who commanded the Imperial army in the elector of Bavaria's abfence, after he had taken Illck and Peterwaradin from the Turks (C), fent Wallis and Heufler to seize (D) Tiral, a caftle on the river Tibifkus (or Teiffe); which being vigorously pressed, the garrifon furrendered, on the 28th of Ramazan, with leave to depart i.

MEAN time Yeghen Bey was on his march to oppose the elector of Bavaria, who commanded the Imperial army, the duke of Lorrain being then fick; and defigned to befiege Belgrade: but, before he reached that city, he returned to Sofia, declaring it impoffible for him to keep fuch numerous forces in obedience, unless he had the feal and the prophet's ftandard. However, on news of the enemy's approach, he marched back to Belgrade; where all the forces in thofe parts fubmitted to his command, as general of Hungary. After this, he feized on Haffan Pafha, on account of an old quarrel, and would have ftrangled him, but for the fon of the Hân (or Khân) of Tartary. Then, with ten thousand men

b RICAUT ubi fupr.

allegiance, and refufing to ad-
mit a German garrifon, was
forced to yield at difcretion by
Velerani, appointed general of
that province by count Caraffa.
Ricaut.

(Z) So Rodofius, of which he
was a native, is called by the
Turks. He was raifed from a
Janizary to the dignity of Wa-
zir: but did nothing remarka-
ble. Cant.

(A) On the 19th of May 8000 Turks marched out, of whom 300 were foldiers. Ricaut.

CANT. p. 358..

(B) In ftorming the town 500 Turks were killed, and 2000, able to bear arms, made flaves out of the caftle. But the women and children were fet at liberty. Ricaut.

(C) According to Ricant, the garrifons of thofe two cities, on the approach of Caprara, fet fire to them, and fled to Belgrade.

(D) A miftake, perhaps, for

Titul.

joined to Tekeli's troops, he refolved to pass the Save, and encamp at Semlin on the other fide: but, upon information, that prince Lewis of Baden, in conjunction with Caprara, was marched towards Illok, they changed their refolution; and fent letters by two peafants to the imperial generals at Eljek, to intercede with the emperor for peace. But the meffengers, appearing more like ipies than ambaffadors, were imprisoned; and no notice taken of what they came about : Soon after which, they feized Illok, as before-mentioned.

A. D.

1688.

In the interim, prince Lewis of Baden arriving at Poffega, The Turks capital of Sclavenia, was perplexed how to país the Save at defeated. Proot, fince its banks were guarded by two thoufand Turks: but Hoffkirkin and Serini, paffing the river in barges with five hundred Heyduks, and three hundred dragoons, routed the enemy, and killed two hundred. Then, more troops ferrying over, they fortified the place. Three days after Topal Pafba, joined by two others, arrives with eight thousand Turks, and, at midnight, attacks the Germans; who, tho' but thirteen hundred in all, repulfe them with vigour. In a fecond affault they kill five hundred; and then, being reinforced, fally on the Turks, and beat them out of their trenches, killing feven hundred more, and taking their baggage: after which they fet fire to the place, and abandon it.

THE elector of Bavaria, being arrived at the Save, was informed that the Othman army, confifting of twenty-five thousand men, lay intrenched on the other fide of that river, with a defign to obftruct his paffage. Tekeli alfo was posted with a strong body, in order to receive them at their landing. It was therefore agreed to alarm the Turks that night in divers places, whilft the generals Serini, Strium, and Afpremont, fhould endeavour to pafs at fome diftance off, with fix thousand men. This was effected without any opposition: but, at day-break, they were attacked by eight thousand Janizaries, of whom fix hundred were cut off. During this engagement, which lafted two hours, a bridge was thrown across the river, and the whole army croffed the same day. After gaining this difficult point, the Turks quitted their trenches, and fled; while the elector marched towards Belgrade, which was three days diftant *. Here let us return to the Turkish authors.

THE way being opened to Belgrade by the taking of Tiral Belgrade (Titul), the elector of Bavaria directs his courfe thither with besieged. the army; and, having repulfed the Turks, who, at the ille of Sabats, opposed his paffage over the Save, proceeds to at

* RICAUT ubi fupr.

tack

A. D. 1688.

tack the Serafkier, who had encamped round that city: but that general, not caring to wait his approach, fet fire to his camp, and the lower part of the city; and retired to Semendria. The Germans arriving, lay fiege to Belgrade on all fides; and, having demolished the walls, on the 11th of Zio'lkaadeh (or August 26th), give a general affault. After a fharp battle of fix hours, the Turks are driven from the walls, and retreat to the castle; but with fo little circumfpection, that the Ger mans, mixing with them, feize the gate, where a fiercer battle than the former enfues; in which, it is faid, the whole garrifon, confifting of nine thousand men, were put to the fword '.

IT may be proper to enlarge from our own hiftorians, upon the fiege of this important fortrefs. On the duke of Bavaria's approach, the inhabitants embarked, with all their moveBreaches ables, for different places along the Danube; yet many were made. killed and taken in their flight. When they were gone, the garrison fet fire to the fuburbs; where the army, on their arrival, got a very confiderable booty. Having furnished their trenches and other works, on the 25th of August, they began from three batteries to play on the caftle with twenty-fix pieces of cannon, befides fifteen mortars. Mean time the garrifon, though but three thousand men, made several vigorous fallies, being encouraged by their commander Ibrâhim Pafbâ, with a promised relief from Ozmán, Pafbâ of Hálep, who, with twenty-five thousand men, was then encamped at Niffa; while Yeghen (E), retired to Sofia with his horse, for the foot had deferted him, confumed the forage round the country. After this, two other batteries were erected; yet the garrifon made ftout refistance, and did great execution with their artificial fire, as well as great fhot and bombs; one of which blew up a large magazine of powder.

A general affault,

THE duke of Lorrain, being recovered, came to the camp, but left the whole conduct of the fiege to the duke of Bavaria, who, on the 6th of September, gave a general affault in four quarters at once. The elector himself commanded in the front; the prince de Commercy on the right; general Heufler on the left; and Pini, ferjeant-major of the regi 1 CANT. p. 358, & feqq.

(E) As the Turkish hiftorians may be prefumed to be right in the names of their generals, Ricaut muft have miftaken Yegben for Rejeb, the Serafkier; and Yeghen, if at all concerned in

the war in this part, feems to have been Ozmán Pashâ, mentioned just before; for he is called by the Turks, Egben Oz. man Pajha.

ment

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