A. D. 1689. able conditions, after continual storms by the enemy, who loft eight hundred men to ten of the befieged. Mean time, on the 29th of October, Huffeyn, Pashâ of Bosnia, appeared before Effek with twelve or fifteen thousand men, who, thinking to carry the place at once, immediately ftormed the coun- Effek atterfcarps; but were repulfed with great flaughter by the gar- tempted. rifon, though confifting only of two thoufand men. The Páfba finding himself mistaken in his account, began to open trenches and raise batteries; with which, by the fifth of November, they had demolished almost all the houfes in the town, and feemed to prepare again for a general storm: but the duke and other generals having entered into the counterfcarps with undaunted refolution to oppose them, they attempted nothing, as if ftruck with fear. The duke then returned to his lodgings, where three Turks were brought to him; who being asked why the enemy had made fo violent an assault without either trenches or earth to cover them? The fiege anfwered, That their defign was to have taken the town, if raised. poffible, before the Chriftian army arrived, which they heard was hafting to relieve it. The duke hereupon fent out all the mufic in the town to fome troops beyond the Drave, with orders to march to and fro in the night, caufing different marches to be beaten, and trumpets founded from several quarters; which fo alarmed the Turks, that they immediately raised their camp, and fled towards Bofnia. The news of this deliverance being carried to Vienna, the duke of Croy and general Staremberg were mightily cried up for the stratagem 1. Let us now look into the affairs of Tranfilvania. About the beginning of this year Michael Apafi (I), prince of that coun- Tranfiltry, died without issue, and left all his dominions to the em- vania peror of Germany. On the other hand, the Turks had ap- taken, pointed Tekeli to be prince, and sent to his affistance the Serafkier, with ten thousand Turks, the Khân of Tartary, and Conftantine Brankovan (K), prince of Walakhia. The confederate forces, under his conduct, penetrate into Tranfilvania, through the mountains of Walakhia, at the foot of which they unexpectly inclofe Heufler, general of the German troops appointed for defence of that province. Heufler, finding him b RICAUT, ubi fupra. (I) He was of no great family, being fon only of the chief magiftrate of Cibinina.— Cant. (K) Known in Europe by the three names of Kantakuzenus, felf and recovered B. XV. A. D. felf drawn into this danger by the treachery of Brankovan, 1689. endeavours to open a paffage with his fword, and bravely sustains the first onset of the enemy. Yet in the heat of the battle the Hungarians deserting the Germans, attack them in flank, who, terrified at this perfidy, attempt to escape by flight but being inclosed by the enemy, are almost all either flain or taken; and among the latter, Heufler himself1. According to the Christian historians, the Turkish army consisted of fixteen thousand horse, two thousand Janizaries, and five hundred Talpats. With these Tekeli, under whom were nine Pafha's, marched over mountains towards the pafs of Terezwar, about three leagues from Kronftadt; where general Heufler lay encamped, with seventeen hundred horfe, and five thousand Tranfilvanians, called Zeklers, from the province by Tekeli. fo named, under general Tolecki The imperialists, nothing difmayed at the appearance of fuch unequal forces, with their right-wing, furiously attacked and put to flight the left of the enemy; who would have been intirely defeated, had the Zeklers feconded fo good a beginning: but they flying without firing a mufket, the Germans, after a long and bloody fight were put to the rout. In this action fix generals, among whom was Tolecki, were killed, befides five hundred horse: the reft retreated to Hermanftadt with thirteen standards, twenty-nine colours, with four pieces of cannon, having been taken by the enemy, who loft three thousand men *. Driven out again by prince Lewis. TEKELI, after this victory, marches farther, and is received by all the inhabitants of the province with great acclamations. But before he could establish himself in his new acquifition, the prince of Baden, hearing that Belgrade, which he intended to have relieved, was loft, marches his forces into Tranfilvania, and having taken feveral cities, endeavours to fubdue the rebellious prince. Tekeli, diffident of his strength, on the news of the other's approach, abandons Gibinium (or Hermanstadt) and retires again into Turky; from whence he never after ventured to return ', To enter into particulars from the Chriftian hiftorians : prince Lewis having, on the news of Heufler's defeat in Tranfilvania, departed from Jagodina in Servia with all the force which could be fpared, as hath been already mentioned, paffed the Danube near Semendria; and on the 16th of September arrived at Karanfebes. On the 21ft they marched thro' the Iron Gate, a pafs which leads into that province, and encamped near the ruins of Vulpia Trajana, a Roman colony, where many of the nobility came in to him; whilft the Rafcians i CANT. p. 371, & feq. * RICAUT, ubi fupra. P. 375. I CANT. entered entered Walakhia, and put all to fire and fword with the utmost cruelty. October the 3d, he came to Hermanstadt, the capital, and thence to Medies, where feveral parties of the enemy were defeated. All this while Tekeli and his troops never fhewed themselves, keeping at least fix leagues diftant from the imperialifts. As foon as he arrived at Czick, on the borders of Walakhia, the prince of that country left him to fecure his territories against the Rafcians; and afterwards the Tranfilvanians deferted him. Mean time, being pursued by prince Lewis, he was chafed through the whole country; and at length was near being furprised about Marienburg. Hereupon, affrighted, he fled by the pass of Bocz into Walakhia; and thus ended his fhort reign in Tranfilvania. A. D. 1689. On the first of December prince Lewis arrived at Zatmar, Orfawa on the Samos in Upper Hungary; at what time the Wazîr's taken. fon, with fifteen thousand men, ravaged the country, and fummoned St. Jobs: but the prince, having no more than two thousand horfe with him, durft not venture out against them. However, being joined foon after by Negrilli with two thousand more, he purfued a body of twelve thoufand Turks, who ravaged the parts about Claufenburg, and drove them quite out of Tranfilvania. The campaign conThe gover cluded on this fide by the furrender of the Isle of Orfova (in nor's folly. the Danube, and borders of Walakhia) to the Turks, for want of ammunition. The governor, upon the articles granted, defired to be conducted to Belgrade; and although the Turks were honest enough to tell him, that it was then in their hands, he would not believe them, but infifted to be convoy'd thither. In this at length they obliged him, to the fatal cost of him and his people, who were fix hundred men, besides women and children: for when they came to that city, all the men were confined in prisons, where most of them died, excepting those under twenty, whom they circumcifed, and compelled to become Mohammedans. As for the women and children they were fold, and all the effects of the unhappy captives feized. Let us now proceed to the war in other provinces. IN the eleventh month of the fame year (L), the king of Poles inPoland at laft brings alfo his forces into the field, and paffing vade Molthe Tyras (or Niefter) enters Moldavia; but Cantemir, prince davia of that country, knowing what troublefome guests the Poles ufed to be, forbids the inhabitants, under a fevere penalty, m RICAUT, ubi fupra. (L) Which falls in August 1690. to A. D. to fell or carry any corn to them. This obliges the king, 1689. who had already paffed the Hierafus (or Pruth) at Stephanafti, to fend back fome of his troops to procure provifions from other parts. These troops coming to Soroka, a city on the Tyras, and finding it deftitute of defence, yet full of stores, take it without oppofition; and leaving a strong garrison, return with the provifions to the camp. Without fuccefs. THE king, relieved by these fupplies, marches as far as Yakobeni, a valley five miles from Jafi; but hearing that Buyukli Mostafa Pafbá, with Nûradîn Soltân, were advancing against him, he refolves to return to Poland. The provisions brought from Soroka being spent, he is again obliged to pafs through the mountain country; where they are closely followed by the Tatars, who kill, or take prifoners, a great number of them, as they are gathering fruits in the woods. His return would have been very difficult, if the prince of Moldavia, defirous to drive out the Poles, but not destroy them, had not diverted the Serafkier from a purfuit; by telling him that they were then near their own borders, and unable to do the inhabitants any hurt. Had that general advanced with his army, fcarce a Pole could have escaped for they were fo greatly diftreffed by famine, that the horse voluntarily fubmitted to the Tatars (M); declaring that they would rather be captives than expire with hunger. : Venetian Of all the Christian powers the Venetians alone met with victories. fuccefs. In the beginning of the campaign Monembefia (or Malvafia) the only place which oppofed them in the Morea, and had been blocked up for two fummers, is befieged by them, and foon obliged by famine to furrender (N). At fea, their admiral Daniel Delphino puts to flight the Kapudân Pâfba, near Mitylene, after finking and taking feveral of his fhips. Afterwards Cornaro reduces Kanina and Vallona; (M) There is hardly an example in hiftory of an army, which was ever fo difperfed without fighting, or reduced to fo much mifery; although the Polish hiftorians conceal it with much care,and extol their king's triumphs. I faw certain Tatars bring back each seven Poles fettered. They were become fo weak with hunger, that they could make no refiftance. Their captors not having food fufficient for them, fold them almoft all for three Yaokhimits apiece. Cant. Neither prince Ĉantemir, nor count Marfigli, in his Etat. Milit. Emp. Othm. tell the value of this coin. (N) Ricaut fays, that turning the blockade, which had held feventeen months, into a formal fiege, they battered the city both by fea and land. Hereupon the inhabitants, tired out, prefently furrendered on the 12th of August, on condition of being transported to Candia. 3 while while in Dalmatia, Jin Ali Pafbâ (O), governor of Herce- A. D. govina, affaults Nifikhos and Kuzzos, but is defeated, taken ́ 1689. prifon er, and his forces difperfed ". RICAUT makes no mention of this defeat of the Kapudân Palba; but is particular in his account of the taking of the Kannina following places. The Venetians landed on the 11th of Sep- taken. tember at Valona, and drove feven thousand foot and fifteen hundred horfe, who opposed them, beyond the fortress of Kannina, fituate on the top of a high craggy rock, four miles diftant. Against this fortress they raised batteries in twentyfour hours, and attacking it furiously on all fides, the Turks, after the town was entered, yielded, on condition of marching out with their baggage. Mean time general Spar marched ten miles in pursuit of the fugitives, who on fight of him confufedly fled. The captain-general after this appeared with his whole army before Valona; and on the 18th fent a menacing fummons to the garrifon, who, as if defigning to make ftout refistance fent no answer, but in the night filently stole away. They got in both places one hundred and thirty-four pieces of cannon, fome brafs, fome iron. As for the affair of Hercegovina, or Arzigovina, as our Other fuca author calls it, the Pafbá Kin Ali, with three thoufand men, ceffes. had a defign to furprise the new conquered Greek fubjects of the Venetians at their Eafter devotions: but the people of Nixikhi (or Nifikhos) being informed of it, on his approach, left their churches, and after a fharp conflict routed him, flaying feven hundred of his men; and having taken, carried him in chains to Kataro. With the like happy fucçefs was the strong fortrefs of Filiporikh, near Glamez, taken and destroyed by order of general Molino. But the affairs of the Venetians did not fucceed fo well this year by fea; for in March two of their men of war, the St. Ifeppo and St.Mark, being attacked near Kandia by Mezzo Morto, Dey of Algiers, with ten Soltâna's, after the braveft resistance that could be imagined, the latter was blown-up, and the other taken, although it funk in the night with all its cannon, four hours after •. |