A. D. Puts him then Rekiub Kaymaykâm (T). By this means he gains fuch a reputation, that the people revere him as a fun rising from behind a thick cloud; and the foldiers come voluntarily, offering themselves to ferve under him the enfuing campaign. ALL things being ready, early in the fpring, he commands to death. the Wazir to encamp without Adrianople. Three days after, disguifing himself to know what was faid of him, and his minifters, by the foldiers, he finds, that they still fuppofed every thing to be directed at pleafure by the Wazir, without his knowledge. As this increased his refentment against that great officer, he refolves to destroy him; and, perceiving, while he examines the warlike ftores, that the carriages of the larger cannon were not fufficiently ftrengthened with iron, fharply reprimands him. The Wazir, to clear himself, cafts the blame on the Topchi Bâfbi (U): but this latter, in his own defence, declares, that the Wazir had refused to give him the iron which was wanting. The Wazir not being able to deny this, Soltân Mostafa orders him to be put to death, and his body to be expofed for three days in the Sirik Meydân". tul. Takes Lip- He is fucceeded by Elmas Mohammed Pafbá before-menpa and Ti- tioned, a person of most acute genius, and worthy that dignity; but not without the murmurs of the old Pashâs, who refented that they should be commanded by a youth unexperienced in affairs. However, Soltán Moftafa, regardless of thefe murmurs, paffes the Danube (W), with his army, near Belgrade, and takes Lippa (X). Afterwards he reduces Titul, and demolishes the walls of both places. Mean time, being informed by the Tatar fcouts, that Veterani, with 7000 Ger "CANT. in Mostafa II. p. 395, & feqq. (T) That is, Deputy firrupbolder, who is appointed to tranfact affairs when the Wazir is at war.-Cant. (U) Overfeer of the cannon, and foldiers thereto belonging, with the Kombaraji, or gunners. The powder, balls, and reft of the artillery, are under the care of the Jebeji Babi.-Cant. (W) He fet out the 10th of June, with an army of 50,000 men, ordering, among other regulations, that no man fhould be ferved by boys, or ride into eultivated grounds. Ricaut. (X) On the 7th of September 1695, putting all the garrifon to the fword: for the Turks having got a good way before, the elector of Saxony, who had a fomewhat ftronger army, not able to overtake them, on account of the bad ways, after four days march was obliged to turn back to his former camp, leaving the enemy at liberty to attack Lippa; which they took by ftorm, after four hours defperate engagement. Ricaut. mans mans from Tranfilvania, was within eight hours march of the imperial army, commanded by Frederick Auguftus (Y), elector of Saxony, he fends Mahmud Beg Ogli, Beglerbeg of Rum Ili, with the light-armed forces to intercept them, and follows haftily with the rest of his army. The second day he comes in fight of the Germans, who might be called the most courageous troops which Germany ever produced: for, without any fign of fear, they halt; and, in a manner, challenge to battle the Turks, pouring upon them in prodigious numbers. A. D. 1695. MAHMUD Beg Ogli, though much fuperior in strength, Veterani orders his troops not to engage, but only keep the enemy in attacked. play till the arrival of the Soltân, who immediately orders his Janizaries to attack them on all fides. On the other hand, the imperial general, leaving two regiments to guard the camp, had drawn-out but 5000 men into the field; who yet so bravely sustain the fhock of the Othmans, that, after a fhort oppofition, they are obliged to retire. The Soltán, perceiving from a diftance fo unexpected a flaughter of his men, in a rage advances; and, killing several of the runaways with his own hand, urges the rest to renew the fight. The Turks, excited by the fhame of their repulfe, paffing by the left wing of the Germans, attack their camp furrounded with carriages, and break into it, though with confiderable lofs. Veterani, feeing this, leads back his troops; and, falling on the plunderers, makes a greater flaughter than before. HEREUPON the Turks again fly without ftopping, till met His brave by the Soltân: who, feeing Shahin Mohammed Pasha, re- defince, proaches him in these terms; "He was guilty of a great error "who called thee Shahin, that is, the falkon, fince thou doeft "not, like a falkon with rapacious talons, ftrike at thy enemy's head; but, like a crane, draw after thee a company "of fugitives." Shahin, ftung with thefe expreffions, rallies with Mohammed Beg the flying troops; and, refolving to conquer or die, makes a third attack upon the Germans. The Janizar-Aga, reprimanded by the Wazir, does the like by the difperfed Janizaries. Thus the fight, being renewed, continues for feveral hours with great ardor; and the Germans would probaby have withstood all their efforts, if Vete (Y) Called by the Turks, take the Turks at Lippa; but Naal Kiran, or the horse-fhoe breaker, on account of his wonderful strength when young. Cant. The elector was advanced again, in hopes to over MOD. HIST. VOL. XIII. they, being reinforced with A. D. rani had not, in the heat of the battle, been obliged by a 1695. wound (Z) to quit his horfe, and get into a waggon: for, on fight of this, the imperialists destitute of a commander, retire. and re treat. The Poles quiet. HOWEVER this retreat was performed in fo good order, that Soltan Moftafa, perceiving it dangerous by pursuit to drive fuch valiant hearts to defpair, privately orders the Mufti, by fome means, to keep the Othman army in the camp. This that prelate effects by a Fetvah, declaring, That it is contrary to the precepts of the Korân to pursue too closely a flying enemy; and that he would lose the crown of martyrdom, who fhould perifh in fuch a cafe. And indeed the Soltán had many important reasons for restraining his foldiers from any farther engagement; fince the death of 1000 horfe and 1500 foot, flain on the enemy's part, had been revenged by the flaughter of the chief officers of the army (A), with about 10,000 common foldiers. The Soltan therefore, leaving the Germans to make a fecure retreat, leads back his forces towards the Danube. In this march he takes Logub and Karanfebes, places deftitute of defence (B); and, demolishing them, returns triumphant through Walakhia (C) to Conftantinople. On the other hand, Frederick Auguftus, having rather fhewn his troops to the enemy, than led them to battle, without any trophies, fends them into winter-quarters. THE Poles, either on account of the king's indifpofition, or deterred by their former loffes, do not venture to re-enter Moldavia this campaign; content with having secured their conquests, and defended their borders from the perpetual incurfions of the Tatars. These never failed every year to lay (Z) He was shot through the body with a mufket-ball, and cut over the head with a fimeter, of which wounds he died. All his men were cut to pieces, having had to deal with 18,000 Fanizaries, and 40,000 Spahi's. Ricaut. (A) Mahmud Beg Ogli, Beglerbeg of Rúm Ili; Shahin Mehemed Pafbá; Ibrahim Pasha, brother of Kojab Jaffer Pafha, and others of the first rank. (B) According to Ricaut, the Soltán, for thefe exploits, got great efteem among his great men; although nothing could be afcribed to his experience, nor did he give any great indication of bravery: for in all actions he kept at a distance, and out of musket-fhot, yet he wrote feveral letters to his mother, and feveral Pafhás, extolling his actions, and declaring, that he had flain 10,000 Germans, and taken 3000 prifoners. (C) In paffing through Walakhia, ftrict difcipline was kept. A Tatar was hanged for taking a kid by force; and two Turks for robbing a bee-hive. The Soltán stopped a while aboutWiddin, and croffed the Danube oppofite to Nikopolis. wafte wafte Podolia and Pokutia, as far as Leopolis, and take the inhabitants prisoners, who confided too much in the Polifb arms: nay the winter was hardly over, when Kaplân Gyeray, Khan of Krim affaulted the very fuburbs of that city, carriedoff four pieces of cannon from the very gate, and returned with above 14,000 prisoners; having been within a little of feizing general Yablonowski himself (D). Peter I. Czar of Ruffia, with a defign intirely to destroy this peft, in the beginning of fummer attacks Azak (or Afof), the strongest bulwark of Krim Tartary: but his foldiers, not being yet ufed to fieges, he was forced to retire (E) without fuccefs. A. D. 1695. THE war was carried-on moft fuccefsfully this year against Venetian the Venetians (F), who, flushed with their conqueft of affairs. Khios (G), claimed the dominion of the fea; and the Turkish ships not daring to appear, frequent confultations were held at the Porte, for the restoration of their naval power. In thefe Mezzo Morto (H), at that time no more than the commander (D) Ricaut inferts a letter of the Polish general himself, who gives a different account, viz. that, the 10th of February 1695, Zabas (or Shabaz) Gherey, fon of the Khán, encamped with 70,000 Tatars in the plains of Crakovian Leopolis, with defign to plunder, and carry-off flaves, which they did for eight days: that next day the general, gathering only 3000 men, making a fally to fecure the fuburbs, was attacked by the enemy, who ftrove to force the outworks fortified only with hedges, and a wall of mats; but, after 13 defperate attacks in four hours, were repulfed with great flaughter: that they then got between them and the city, with defign to keep the Poles employed on that fide, while they broke through the hedge on the other fide; but, after two hours affault, were repulfed with great lofs, though the number was unknown. Of the Poles only 100 were killed. Next B. XV. A. D. mander of a single ship, made a figure: for, being fent for 1695. to the council, he not only advised them against a defensive war, which the majority was inclined to, but undertook to recover Khios himself with four Soltânas only, and eight gallies. The admiral, Amujeh Ogli Huffeyn Pafbâ, at this proposal, treats him with contempt, as a prefumptuous rash man ; and even adds threats to his reprimand. But the Serafkier Mefrli Ogli (I), who had the chief direction of the war against the Venetians, approving of his fcheme, delivers to him the ships which he wanted w, Morto. Defeated WITH these Mezzo Morto fails for Khios, followed foon by Metzo after by the whole Turkish fleet; and, after taking two of the Venetian ships, appointed for defence of the haven, obliges the reft to fly (K). The garrifon, who before contemned the Turks, on fight of this defeat, quite lofe their courage. They never imagined, that the Turkish fleet, so often defeated, could be repaired fo foon; or that there was any perfon among the enemy able to teach them the art of naval war : fo that, trufting folely to their fleet, they had taken no care to fortify their city. And, as their whole bufinefs there had been to fhut up the Greek churches, and commit other violences in breach of their faith; fo now finding themselves unable to defend the place against so numerous an army, they turn their refentment against their fellow-citizens; and, calling them traitors, resolve to plunder and kill them. The Greeks, feeing themselves in this dangerous fituation, endeavour to mitigate the fury of their tyrants, and incline them to mercy, by giving them strong proofs of their fidelity: but, finding the wCANT. ubi fupr. p. 397, & feqq. dead. After 17 years imprifon- the admirals and captains of fhips have worn the fea-habit. He inftructed the failors and marine forces in the art of fighting at fea. Cant. (I) Next to Koja Jaffer for bravery. He was fo called as being the fon of Egyptian parents. Cant. (K) Ricaut fays, they were worfted in two engagements at fea, to the great wonder of Europe, and lofs of their reputation; and that the Turks, had they followed their blow, might have deftroyed the whole fleet. calumnies |