formed in his Majesty's Ship Blossom, in the Years 1825, 26, 27, 28. Published by Authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty (London, 1831).1 David Duncan's Voyage to Davis' Strait, Apr. 1826-June, 1827 (London, 1827), commemorates "the only fishing ship that ever [up to that time] passed a whole winter with her crew on board in those regions." Ross again appears in a Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North-West Passage, and of a Residence in the Arctic Regions during the Years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833. Including the Reports of Commander, now Captain, James Clark Ross, and the Discovery of the Northern Magnetic Pole. [With an Appendix.] (London, 1835).2 Captain George Back now proposed an expedition to follow a route north from the Great Slave Lake, in search for Ross, and published an explanation of his plan in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society (1833, vol. iii. 64); and his communication on the route followed by him was made in the same Journal (1836, vol. vi. p. 1), and found a wider public in his Narrative of the Arctic land Expedition to the mouth of the Great Fish River and along the shores of the Arctic Ocean in the years 1833-35 (London, 1836; Philad., 1836). Richard King, in his Journey to the Arctic Ocean, 1833-35, under Capt. Back (London, 1836), reproaches that commander for his want of generosity in not acknowledging the assistance he received from others. Back's next voyage to follow up his first exploration is recorded in his Narrative of an Expedition in H. M. S. Terror, undertaken with a View to Geographical Discovery on the Arctic shores, in the Years 1836-7 (London, 1838). The explorations by Dease and Simpson on behalf of the Hudson Bay Company now followed, and it was to connect these with the ville Island, which induced the expedition under coast that Parry in 1819 had found about MelSir John Franklin, the search for which constituted for the next ten years, and even longer, the chief burden of the Arctic recitals. Richardson, in his Polar Regions (ch. 10), gives a convenient summary of this Franklin search. Longituals 100 heet from Greenwich River or Chart of the coast from Coronation Gulf to Beat River constructed from the narrative. Gt Fish 1 There was an octavo edition the same year. German version (Weimar, 1832). Beechey's earlier voyage (1818), recorded in his Voyage of Discovery It was reprinted at Philadelphia (1832), and Sabin gives a towards the North pole (London, 1843), was on the side of Spitzbergen. 2 The Appendix usually is found as a separate publication, Appendix to the Narrative of a Second Voyage. The Narrative was reprinted in Philadelphia, 1835; and at Brussels in the same year. A French translation appeared at Paris in 1835, and a German at Leipzig in 1835 and 1845, and at Berlin in 1835-36. Cf. Pilling's Eskimo Bibliog.; Sabin's Dictionary, and references in Allibone, ii. 119. * From the Journal of the Roy. Geog. Soc., X. 274. Their eastern limit was later completed by Dr. John Rae, in the Hudson Bay Company's service, as recorded in Rae's Narrative of an Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea in 1846 and 1847 (London, 1850). Cf. Journal of the Roy. Geog. Soc. (viii. 213, with a map) for their account of their explorations, 1837, and again (Ibid., Aug., 1839) for the progress of discovery in the summer of 1839, with a map. ARCTIC REGIONS, 1833-34.* Extracted from a map in Back's "Discoveries and Route of the Arctic Land Expedition, 1833-34," in the Journal of the Roy. Geog. Soc., vi. p. 10. Cf. the circumpolar map in Wm. Scoresby's Acc. of the Arctic Regions (Edinburgh, 1820), and the map connecting the discoveries of Ross, Parry, and Franklin, in Frank The literature of it is enumerated in Chavanne's bibliography, under the heads of "Arctic America," the "Northwest Passage ;" and Nourse, in his American Explorations in the Ice Zones (Boston, 1884, p. 34, etc.), makes a useful tabulation of the various relief expeditions. It is not intended now to mention more than the most prominent or characteristic accounts of these numerous adventures in the track of Franklin. W. J. S. Pullen's Proceedings of a boat expedition from Wainwright inlet to Fort Simpson on the Mackenzie River, July-Oct., 1849, and Lieut. W. H. Hooper's Journal, in connection with the same expedition, were printed by the Admiralty in 1850, as well as Pullen's later Proceedings of the party towards Cape Bathurst in search of Sir John Franklin, July-Oct., 1850, printed in 1851. Dr. Peter C. Sutherland's Journal of a Voyage in Baffin's Bay and Barrow Straits, in the Years 1850-1851, performed by H. M. Ships "Lady Franklin" and "Sophia," under the Command of Mr. William Penny, in search of the missing Crews of H. M. Ships Erebus and Terror: with a Narrative of Sledge Excursions on the Ice of Wellington Channel; and Observations on the Natural History and Physical Features of the Countries and Frozen Seas visited (London, 1852). The author was the surgeon of the expedition. From Berthold Seeman, the naturalist of the expedition, we have a Narrative of the Voyage of H. M. S. Herald during the Years 1845-51, under the Command of Captain Henry Kellett; being a Circumnavigation of the Globe, and three Cruizes to the Arctic Regions in Search of Sir John Franklin (London, 1853.)1 Captain Sherard Osborn, who commanded the "Pioneer" in the expedition of 1850-51, gives his personal narrative in his Stray Leaves from an Arctic Journal, or Eighteen Months in the Polar Regions (London, 1852; Edinburgh, 1865), and for the first time described Arctic navigation under steam. He also worked up the logs and journals of the commander of the expedition, and published the result as The Discovery of the Northwest Passage by H. M. S Investigator, Capt. Robert M'Clure, 1850-54 (London, 1856, 1857, 1859; Edinburgh, 1864, 1865).3 Sir John Richardson's personal share in these explorations is recorded in his Arctic Searching Expedition: Journal of a boat voyage through Rupert's Land and the Arctic Sea in search of Sir John Franklin. Published by authority (London, 1851).* MACKENZIE.R. NORTH AMERICA BOOTHIA CULF RIVER CONDITION OF EXPLORATIONS, 1844.* 1 There is a German translation (Hannover, 1853). 2 It was reprinted in New York in 1852, and a rival edition was called The Polar Regions, or a Search after Sir John Franklin's Expedition (N. Y., 1854). 8 The coöperating expedition on the side of Behring's Straits is to be explained in a book not yet published, Sir Richard Collinson's Journal of the Voyage of H. M. S. Enterprise in search of Sir John Franklin, with an Introduction by Maj-Gen. Collinson (London, 1889).* 4 It was reprinted in New York, 1852, and contains several chapters on the Eskimos and other northern tribes. lin's Narrative (London, 1823). Dr. Rae's Narrative of an Expedition to the shores of the Arctic Sea in 1846 and 1847 (London, 1850) contains maps in which the discoveries of Rae, Parry, Ross, Back, and Dease and Simpson are distinctively marked. * Reproduced from the sketch map given by Osborn in his Stray Leaves (1865), p. 282, which represents the aspect of the northwest passage problem at the time Franklin was sent on his last voyage. The effort was to be made "to connect the water in which Parry had sailed to Melville Island in 1819 with Dease and Simpson's easternmost positions in 1838." Cf. the map of the Arctic regions as known in 1846, given in Hall's Second Arctic Expedition. 66 Geo. F. McDougall's Eventful Voyage of H. M. Discovery Ship "Resolute" to the Arctic Regions in Search of Sir John Franklin and the missing Crews of H. M. Discovery Ships Erebus" and "Terror," 1852, 1853, 1854. To which is added an Account of her being fallen in with by an American Whaler after her Abandonment in Barrow Straits and of her Presentation to Queen Victoria by the Government of the United States (London, 1857). Sir Edward Belcher's Last of the Arctic Voyages; being a Narrative of the Expedition in H. M. S. Assistance, in Search of Sir John Franklin, during the Years 1852-53-54. With Notes on the Natural History, by Sir John Richardson, Professor Owen, Thomas Bell, J. W. Salter, and Lovell Reeve. Published under the authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty (London, 1855). What is known as the first Grinnell Expedition, fitted out at the charge of Mr. Joseph Grinnell of New York, was officially considered by its commander, Lieut. E. J. De Haven, in his Report on the Sir John Franklin Search, Oct. 4, 1851 (32d Cong. 1st sess. Ho. Ex. Doc. no. 2); but the greater interest attaches to the story of Dr. Elisha Kent Kane, the surgeon of the party, in his United States Grinnell Expedition in search of Sir John Franklin; a personal narrative (New York, 1854). Kane himself commanding the next expedition, his narrative appeared in Arctic Explorations: the Second Grinnell Expedition in search of Sir John Franklin, 1853-55 (Philad., 1856, 1860).2 MAP TO ILLUSTRATE THE SEARCH FOR FRANKLIN, AND SOME OF THE DISCOVERIES OF HIS ERA. FRANKLIN'S TRACK.* 1 A new edition, with a biography of Franklin, by S. A. Allibone, Philadelphia, 1857. 2 Reprinted, London, 1860. Cf. Explorations in Arctic Regions by Dr. Kane (London, 1865); Kane's Arctic Explorations (Hartford, 1868). Cf. Kane's Access to an Open Polar Sea (N. Y., 1853); and Peter Force's Grinnell Land and Supplement to Grinnell Land (Washington, 1852 and 1853). There is a life of Dr. Kane by Dr. Elder (1858), and a sketch by M. Jones (1866). Allibone and Poole will supply periodical sources. August Sonntag, the astronomer of the expedition, prepared a popular Narrative of the Grinnell Exploring Expeditions 1853-55 (Philad., 1857). Kane had been the first to explore Baffin's Bay since Baffin himself in 1616. Cf. Dr. Emil Bessel's on "Smith Sound and its Exploration," from the time of Bylot and Baffin, 1616, to the present day, in Proceedings of the U. S. Naval Institute, vol. x. p. 333. A curious interest attaches to the Memoirs of Hans Hendrik, the Arctic traveller, serving under Kane, * Reproduction of a sketch map in A. H. Beesly's Sir John Franklin (N. Y., 1881). * Part of the map in Bernard O'Reilly's Greenland (N. Y., 1818). This map is selected as the latest of the old views. Nourse gives in his Hall's Second Arctic Expedition a circumpolar map, in which the condition of knowledge in 1818 is given in black, and the after knowledge in red. Belcher's Last of the Arctic Voyages has a large map showing the discoveries between Baffin's Bay and Behring's Straits from 1818 to 1854. |