NOTE. St There LEON Biye S.Bernard Bio Bravo GOLPH DU E MEXIQUE Riv de Panco Blanche 2 Port Me de Pet Camar JAMAIQUE 64 Cayman STYA00 Cap de Honduras Cap Camera 1 Racun Bave Je Carthage Cap Gratias a Dios // 1 Ram de Chetumal Golph GOL DE HONDURAS phe de Guanacos The above map is reduced from Prévost's Voyages (Paris, 1754), vol. xii. The best grouping of the maps of the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies is in Uricoechea's Mapoteca Colombiana (pp. 53-79), and this may be supplemented by the subject headings in the British Museum Map Catalogue. The collection of loose maps in the Harvard College collection is a large one. The maps of these enclosed waters down to the end of the sixteenth century have been enumerated in ante, Vol. II. 217, etc. For the seventeenth century, reference may be made to those in Van Loon's Zee-Atlas (1661), and that one which apparently belongs to Clodoré's Relation (1671) but is seldom found with it (Leclerc, no. 2:13). The maps of the eighteenth century are numerous; but a few may be selected as typical: That in Nathaniel Uring's Voyages (London, 1726); those of Herman Moll (London Mag., 1740); of Popple, improved by Buache (1740); the commerce and the Conduct of the Spaniards in the West Indies, by a person who resided several years at Jamaica (London, 1726). As the residence of Sir Henry Morgan, who was made its deputy governor by Charles II, it became associated with the story of the buccaneers, and in a little New History of Jamaica (London, 1740)1 we find some of their adventures duly set forth. The famous Sir Hans Sloane lived here also for a while (1709-10); and his sojourn resulted in his Voyage to the islands Madeira, Barbados, Nieves, St. Christopher's, and Jamaica (London, 1707, 1725), in two folio volumes. It is more commonly quoted as Sloane's History of Jamaica, and the French translation (Londres, 1751) bears a corresponding title. William King LEONARD PARKINSON, A CAPTAIN OF MAROONS.* satirized it in his Useful Transactions containing a Voyage to Cajamai, translated from the Dutch (London, 1709). Dr. Patrick Browne published a Civil and Natural History of Jamaica (London, 1756), which, somewhat enlarged, and improved with Kitchin's map, came to a second edition in 1789. It was held to be an important book, but a more exclusively historical treatise had appeared in the interval in Edward Long's History of Jamaica (London, 1774), in three quarto volumes, with Kitchin's maps, that of the island itself 1 This book has a folding map of the island. It was translated into French by Raulin (Londres, 1751). Cf. Boucher de la Richarderie, vi. 186. 2 Jefferys' map of 1768 is in his General Topography of No. Amer. and the West Indies. Spanish map of Tomas Lopez and Juan de la Cruz (1755); Vaugondy's in the Histoire et Commerce des Antilles Angloises (1758); Jefferys' in 1758, and those by him included in his French Dominions in No. and So. America (1760), and in his Description of the Spanish islands and Settlements of the West Indies, chiefly from original drawings taken from the Spaniards in the last war (London, 1762 and later); those (1759) in Prévost, xv., and in the Allg. Hist. der Reisen, xviii.; Joseph Smith Speer's West India Pilot (London, 1771 and later); Kitchin's as given in Robertson's America; that in B. Edwards' West Indies (1794); and later ones of Homann (1796), Arrowsmith (1803), etc. * From Bryan Edwards' Proc. of the Gov, and Assembly of Jamaica in regard to the Maroon Negroes (London, 1796). being from a survey made in 1770. Long had lived in Jamaica as a judge, and his book was readily recognized as an important one. The Negro problem in Jamaica fast becoming serious, William Beckford (not the author of Vathek) published his Negroes in Jamaica (1788), and two years later printed his Descriptive Account of the island of Jamaica (London, 1790), in two volumes. The negro slaves of the Spaniards, when deserted by them at the conquest of 1655, had fled to the mountains; and for a hundred and forty years they carried on an harassing warfare upon the settlements of the English. The story of their final subjugation is told in R. C. Dallas's History of the Maroons from their origin to the establishment of their chief tribe at Sierra Leone, with a succinct history of Jamaica (London, 1803). The book is accompanied by a map to illustrate the Maroon War, and another of the "Cockpit," the principal seat of that war in 1795-96. Cf. Bryan Edwards' three books: British Colonies in the West Indies (London, 1803); Proceedings of the Governor and asseciates of Jamaica in regard to the Maroon Negroes (London, 1796); Historical Survey of St. Domingo (London, 1801); Lord Brougham in the Edinburgh Rev., ii. 376; Once a Week (1865); Col. T. W. Higginson on “The Maroons of Jamaica" in the Atlantic Monthly (v. 213), and in his Travellers and Outlaws (Boston, 1889), where will also be found a similar treatment of the "Maroons of Surinam." The later general accounts of Jamaica are: Robert Renny's History of Jamaica (London, 1807); An account of Jamaica and its inhabitants, by a gentleman long resident in the West Indies (London, 1808, 1809; Kingston, Jamaica, 1809); Drouin-de-Bercy's Histoire civile et commerciale de la Jamaique (Paris, 1818); Cynric R. Williams's Tour through Jamaica, 1823 (London, 1826, 1827); J. Stewart's View of the past and present states of Jamaica (Edinburgh, 1823); James Hakewell's Picturesque Tour of Jamaica (London, 1825); G. W. Bridge's Annals of Jamaica (London, 1828), etc.1 A large part of the interest, early and late, of West Indian history centres in that island where the Spaniards founded their first city, Hispaniola, and the best key to the bibliography and cartography of the subject is in an enumeration by H. Ling Roth in the Supplemental Papers (vol. ii.) published in 1887 by the Royal Geographical Society, and for the maps alone in the section on Haiti in Uricoechea (pp. 70-79). Benzoni (1565) gives one of the best early descriptive accounts. Gomara (1568) is an early historian, to say nothing of the rest. D'Anville, in his maps, endeavored from his study of Herrera and Oviedo to place the earliest of the Spanish settlements, and these maps are found in the Paris edition (1730) of Charlevoix's Histoire de l'isle Espagnole, ou de St. Domingue, ecrite particulièrement sur des mémoires, MSS., de P. J. B. Le Pers, jésuite, missionnaire à S. Domingue, et sur les pièces originais qui se conservent au dépôt de la Marine. There were later editions: Paris, 1731; Amsterdam, 1733, all of which give much help in the cartography of the time of its publication. This is the earliest monographic history of the island, helpful in the study of the early periods; but to be supplemented for later ones by B. Ardouin's Etudes sur l'histoire d'Haiti (Paris, 1853-1861), in eleven volumes, covering the period 1784-1843; Barbé-Marbois's Histoire des désastres de Saint Domingue, précedée d'un tableau de régime et des progrès de cette colonie, depuis sa fondation jusqu'à d'Epoque de la Révolution Française (Paris, 1796?); Antonio del Monte y Tejada's Historia de Santo Domingo, desde su Descubrimiento hasta nuestras Dias (Madrid, 1853-1860); Jonathan Brown's History and Present Condition of St. Domingo (Philad., 1837); Thomas Madiou's Histoire d'Haiti (Port-au-Prince, 1847-48), in 3 volumes, covering 1492-1807, but chiefly elucidating the revolutionary period 1789-1807; and Baron V. P. Malouet's Collection de Mémoires ... sur l'administration des Colonies (Paris, 1802), in vol. iv., gives us the administrative aspect of its history towards the close of the eighteenth century. Champlain, in his Voyage to the West Indies (1599-1600), gives us some of the earliest graphic helps for the period following the era of discovery and colonization. It was not till thirty years later that the little island of Tortuga (Tortue, as the French called it), adjacent to Hispaniola, received (1630) from St. Kitts 1 See a list of anonymous publications on Jamaica in Sabin's Dictionary, vol. ix. 2 Cf. Sabin's Dictionary, xviii. p. 260. There is a collection of Hayti tracts given to Harvard College Library by Obadiah Rich; and the "Hunt Collection" in the Boston Public Library is a full survey of Haytian history. 3 Ramusio's map (1556) is given ante, Vol. II. p. 188. After the eighteenth century came in the chief maps are those of Delisle (1722-1725, etc.); that in Labat (v. 55); those of D'Anville (1730-31); in Prévost (xv.) and Allg. Hist. der Reisen (1759), xvii.; Bellin (1764, etc.); Jefferys (1762, etc.); Juan Lopez (Madrid, 1784); Bryan Edwards (1797); that in Ducœur-Joly's Manuel des habitans des S. Domingue (Paris, 1803); and J. B. Poirson's (1803, 1825) in Métral's Expéd. à St. Domingue (Paris, 1825). 4 These are said to be in existence, and Le Pers is said not to have been satisfied with Charlevoix's use of them. NOTE TO OPPOSITE CUT. From Long's Jamaica (London, 1774), vol. ii. |