Italy, North and South, with Maps, Town BUILDING UPON SAND. By Plans, &c. 78. 6d. ELIZABETH J. LYSAGHT. 1 vol. price 108. 6d. "An eminently lady-like story. and pleasantly told.... We can safely recommend Building upon Sand.'"-Graphic." Switzerland, with Maps, Town Plans, GRAYWORTH: a Story of Country &c. 38. 6d. Switzerland.-Pedestrian's Route Book for Life. By CAREY HAZELWOOD. 3 vols. 318. 6d. The Tyrol, or Notes for Travellers in the WILL SHE BEAR IT? a Tale of Tyrol and Vorarlberg, with Illustrations from Original Sketches, the Weald. 3 vols. 318. 6d. Normandy and the Channel Islands. 1s. 6d. The SURGEON'S SECRET. By Brittany, with Notices of the Physical Features, Agriculture, Language, Customs, History, Antiquities, SYDNEY MOSTYN, Author of "Perplexity," &c. and Sporting, with a complete Itinerary and Guide to all the PERCY LOCKHART; or, the Hidden objects of interest, with Maps. Cloth, 28. 6d. New and Improved Edition, cloth 58. ; post, 53. 4d. BRADSHAW'S THROUGH ROUTES. -Overland Guide and Handbook to India, Turkey. Persia, Egypt, London: W. J. ADAMS, 59, Fleet Street, E.C. Printed by EDWARD J. FRANCIS, at the "ATHENEUM PRESS," No. 4, Took's-court, Chancery-lane, E.C.; and Published by COMPLIMENTARY DINNER TO MR. WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S. A., The retirement of MR. THоMS from the Editorship of Notes and Queries, which he founded in 1849, appears to us to afford a suitable occasion to his friends, and especially the Contributors, for offering him at least the compliment of a Dinner, in recognition of the manner in which he has conducted that Periodical for twenty-three years, and of his general services to Literature. Those who are willing to join in this compliment to MR. THOMS are requested to signify their willingness at once to MR. H. F. TURLE, Hon. Sec., The Cloisters, Westminster. The First Number of Notes and Queries having been issued on the first Friday of November, 1849, it has been decided that the Dinner shall be given on Friday, November 1st, 1872. The EARL STANHOPE, F.R.S., Pres. S. A., will preside, and the Vice-Chair will be occupied by LORD LYTTELTON. The Dinner will take place at Willis's Rooms, King Street, St. James's, at SEVEN o'clock for HALF-PAST SEVEN precisely. Tickets, 258. each. That the number to be provided for may be known in good time, early intimation of intention to attend should be given to MR. TURLE, who will forward the Tickets. No. CCLXXVIII., OCTOBER, was published on THURSDAY I. COREA. Contents. M ESSRS. HODGSON will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery-lane. W.C. (Fleet-street end), on MONDAY, October 28, and Four Following Days, at 1 o'clock, VALUABLE MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, Ancient and Modern, comprising Houbraken and Vertue's Heads, folio-Museum Worsleyanum-Westwood's Anglo-Saxon and Irish MSS.-Illustrated London News, 59 vols.-Punch, a complete set, 59 vols. 4to.is Horsburgh's India Directory, 2 vols-Pearson's Astronomy, 2 vols. -Facciolati Lexicon, 2 vols.-Murchison's Siluria, 2 vols.-Lindley s Fossil Flora, 3 vols.-Watson's Cybele Britannica, 4 vols.-Swift's Works, by Scott, 19 vols.-Beaumont and Fletcher's Works, 14 vols.Inchbald's British Theatre, 25 vols.-Tom Hood's Works, 7 vols.Dickens's Works, 13 vols. -Scott's Novels, 48 vols -De Quincey's Works, 15 vols.-Gentleman's Magazine, 188 vols.-Edinburgh Review, 134 vols. Annual Register, 113 vols.; and other popular Magazines and Periodicals-Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia, 90 vels. calf extra, and others in neat bindings-a few choice Engravings after Landseer, in handsome gilt frames, &c. Catalogues forwarded on application. I. The DUKE of WELLINGTON as a CABINET MINISTER." III. BARON STOCKMAR. IV. CONSCIOUSNESS of DOGS. V. VELASQUEZ, VI. A FRENCH DIPLOMATIST in ITALY. VII. EAST AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE. VIII. POSITION of PARTIES. JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. 4TH S. No. 251. CHAPMAN & HALL'S ANNOUNCEMENTS. Forster's Life of Dickens. Early in November will be published, the SECOND VOLUME of The LIFE of CHARLES DICKENS. 1842-1852. By JOHN FORSTER. With Portraits and Illustrations. The Third Volume will complete the Work, The LIFE of CHARLES DICKENS. Vol. I. Twelfth Edition. ROME. By Francis Wey. With an Introduction by W. W. STORY, Author of "Roba di Roma." Con- BOOKS, MISCELLANEOUS, some rare and curious. A CATALOGUE of 5,000 vols., post free.-C. HERBERT, 60, PARTRIDGE AND COOPER, CARRIAGE PAID TO THE COUNTRY ON ORDERS NOTE PAPER, Cream or Blue, 38., 48., 58., and 68. per ream. The HUMAN RACE. By Louis TINTED LINED NOTE, for Home or Foreign Correspondence (five FIGUIER. Illustrated with 243 Engravings on Wood, and 8 colours), 5 quires for 18. 6d. COLOURED STAMPING (Relief), reduced to 48. 6d. per ream, or SERMON PAPER, plain, 48. per ream; Ruled ditto, 4r. 6d. ANTHONY TROLLOPE'S NEW Cabinets, Postage Scales, Writing Cases, Portrait Albums, &c., post NOVEL, "The EUSTACE DIAMONDS." 3 vols. CHAPMAN & HALL, 193, Piccadilly. BRADSHAW'S ILLUSTRATED [This day. CONTINENTAL HANDBOOKS. free. (ESTABLISHED 1841.) The Vellum Wove Club-House Paper, Manufactured expressly to meet a universally experienced want, i ea paper which shall in itself combine a perfectly smooth surface with total freedom from grease. The New Vellum Wove Club-House Paper will be found to possess these peculiarities completely, being made from the best linen rags only, possessing great tenacity and durability, and Belgium and the Rhine, including Ten Days presenting a surface equally well adapted for quill or steel pen. in HOLLAND, with Maps, Town Plans, &c. 58. The NEW VELLUM WOVE CLUB-HOUSE PAPER surpassesall others for smoothness of surface, delicacy of colour, firmness of texture, entire absence of any colouring matter or injurious chemicals, tending to impair its durability or in any way affecting its writing properties.-A Sample Packet, containing an Assortment of the variousPARTRIDGE & COOPER, Manufacturers and Sole Vendors, Fleet Street, E. C. France, with Maps, Town Plans, &c. 5s. Town Plans, &c. 58. Italy, North and South, with Maps, Town Plans, &c. 78. 6d. "OLD ENGLISH" FURNITURE. Spain, by Dr. Charnock, F.S.A., with Maps, Reproductions of Simple and Artistic Cabinet Work from Country Town Plans, &c. 7s. 6d. Switzerland, with Maps, Town Plans, &c. 38. 6d. Switzerland.-Pedestrian's Route Book for Do., CHAMOUNI, and the ITALIAN LAKES, with numerous The Tyrol, or Notes for Travellers in the Normandy and the Channel Islands. 1s. 6d. Features, Agriculture, Language, Customs, History, Antiquities, London: W. J. ADAMS, 59, Fleet Street, E.C. HARMING SETS for the SCRAP BOOK, or CE Decoration of Fancy Articles, &c., exquisitely finished in colours and stamped out- viz. English and Foreign Birds (brilliant plumage), Butterflies true to nature, Flowers, Pretty Figures, Wreaths. Green Leaves and Sprays (very beautiful. Price 7d. per set; or the six sets (all different, post free, for 28. 7d.-The Trade supplied. JOHN JERRARD, 172, Fleet Street, London. COLOURED SCRAPS for FOLDING SCREENS and SCRAP BOOKS.-Immense Stock; 1,500 different sheets or sets to choose from. Abbreviated list post free. Coloured Scraps for children, a set of 100 different subjects, post free, 28. 1d, in stamps. JOHN JERRARD, 172, Fleet Street, London. LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1872. CONTENTS. - N° 251. -- Ann of Austria, fearful, no doubt, lest Turenne should likewise forsake the cause of her son,-as they say, "Coming events cast their shadows before them,"-hastily despatched a trusty messenger to him, with the following autograph letter, which is curious from its date and contents : "Mon Cousin,-Envoyant par dela le S Crual pour des affaires qui regardent le service du Roy Monsieur mon fils Je vous fais ces lignes pour vous prier davoir entiere confiance et plaine creance en ce quil vous dira de ma part, et sil est besoin que pour le contentement des officiers de l'armée que vous commandez Il soblige en mon nom de leur payer ce que vous conviendrez avec eux, ne faistes point de difficulté de garentir ce quil promettra car ie vous asseure et vous donne ma parolle que j'y satisferay a point nommé Ce pendant ie demeure "Vre bonne Cousine "ANNE. 66 a St Germain en Laye, NOTES:-Turenne and Ann of Austria-Ancient and Modern Music, 305-The Battle-Field of Canna, 306-EuphuismsSir Walter Raleigh, 308-Dr. Johnson's Definition of "Oats" -Metallic Pen-Irish and English Jacobites - Foreign Decorations-"Scarce" Books, 309-Pursers in the NavyThe Tycoon of Japan-Productive Nuggets-The Source of the Nile, 310-Sun-Dial Inscription-Appropriate Inscriptions-Rings-Wife Selling-"Sir" as a Baptismal Name, 311-Folk Lore: Curious Custom amongst Tenant-Farmers-Symbolism of Rosemary and Bay-Etiquette at the Marriage of an Officer in the Army-Harvest-Home Recitation-Lincolnshire Household Riddle, 311, 312. QUERIES:-The Sacred Picture at Bermondsey-Names of Authors Wanted-Painted Print, 312-William of Wykeham -Sir William Petty-Heraldic-Ancient Carp-Cards prohibited in England-Inscription-"Cutting"-Savages in Devonshire-Inscribed Swords, 313-"Tablette Booke of Lady Mary Keys" - Christian Names The "Negramansir," 314. REPLIES:-Jacobite Toast, 314-Kissing the Book, 315Ninian Menvil-The Permanence of Marks or Brands on Trees, 316-Col. John Jones the Regicide-The Heaf, 317Walter Scott and "Caller Herrin' "Well of St. KeyneHats-"A Prison is a House of Care"-Smothering for Hydrophobia-Descendants of Thomas Guy, Founder of the Hospital, 318-Beavers in Britain-"History repeats itself" -William of Occam-Preservation of Corpses-Origin of the Word" Folk-Lore"-Scipio's Shield, 319-Picture of ShakIt was again Love (that arch tyrant) who was speare's Marriage-Sir John Lubbock on "Felis Catus "Alexander Pope of Scottish Descent-Bell Inscriptions, 320 the mischievous cause (though at a less excusable -Worms in Wood-Boys, Boyes, &c.-Crickets-Burial in Gardens-Names of Streets in Shrewsbury-Walter Scottage, for Turenne was then sixty) of his divulging a and Burton, 321-Milton's "Areopagitica"-"Our beginning State secret (the treaty between England and France, shows," &c.-"La Princesse de Clèves "-Sir Boyle Roche- negociated by Henriette Marie). The great man, Stiperstones, 322-Pontefract-Terms used in Carving-Inscription on Dial at Cubberley-"Man proposeth "Sur- enraptured with that depraved woman, Madame name Allison: Ellison-Alliteration, 323-"Philistinism," de Coetquen, could not keep it from her. She told it to her other lover, the no less depraved Chevalier de Lorraine, who, of course, immediately informed Monsieur (the king's brother) of it, from sheer hatred towards the noble Duchess of Orleans. 324. Notes on Books, &c. Notes. TURENNE AND ANN OF AUSTRIA. And at the back is written, in Turenne's well-known hand : "Lre de la Reine But a still darker spot in that illustrious existRoman Catholic, Le Père de la Rue, could, however, with truth, make the following funereal eulogium : Two events of sad import signalized the begin-ence is the abjuration of Turenne, of whom a ning of the year 1649; in England, the execution of King Charles I., and in France the flight, from Paris, of the Regent-Queen, Ann of Austria, to St. Germain, with her young son Louis XIV. and his "Un homme alors audessus de la fortune, et toute sa Court, after having been compelled by the leaders vie audessus de l'intérêt, attaché par le sang et par of the Fronde to set at liberty Broussel and l'alliance à ce qu'il y avait de plus grand dans le parti Blancménil, who had been arrested by order of Protestant; un sage respecté pour la solidité de son Cardinal Mazarin. The opposite party was headed génie, et la probité de son cœur; un guerrier renommé par tant de glorieux travaux, qui ne pouvait monter plus by the coadjutor, Paul de Gondi (the future cele-haut, ni dans la confiance de son roi, ni dans l'affection brated Cardinal de Retz), by the Duke de Beaufort de sa patrie, ni dans l'estime des nations étrangères ; (later nicknamed "Le Roi des Halles"), by La un homme qui faisait honneur à l'homme.' Turenne Rochefoucauld (Prince de Marcillac), and by devint le disciple de Bossuet!" the Prince de Conti, brother of Condé, who, Which all staunch Protestants and lovers of the at that time, still sided with the Court; but the hero cannot too deeply lament. P. A. L. year after, disgusted likewise with the vexatious and oppressive measures of Mazarin, having, joined the malcontents, the Cardinal had him wilily apprehended and shut up in Vincennes, together with the Prince de Conti and their aged brotherin-law, the Duke de Longueville. Even the great Turenne, blinded by his passion for the beautiful, the ambitious, and intriguing Duchess de Longueville, for a while allowed himself to be led astray from his allegiance.* * Anne Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé, the Heroine of ANCIENT AND MODERN MUSIC. monists and melodists, Wagner and his school, and the Fronde, of whom La Rochefoucauld, one of her too being original and that of the future, was essen-Aristoxenes was a disciple, and therefore, it may be tially that of the past. Harmony rather than conjectured, Aristotle was of the same opinion about melody seems to have originated music, and it was the two schools of music. established as a science on the principle of harmony, until men of genius, in defiance of the authority of persons and of rules laid down by them, gave free vent to melody, and carried the public along with them. This statement is made by Jacques Matter in his School of Alexandria, vol. i. pp. 109, 110, the first edition, Paris, 1820. In the second edition of his work, published about 1840, entirely renewed, as he says, I have not been able to find similar passages to those in the first edition. It is said that Pythagoras and his followers associated music with the study of the stars, and from harmony taught astronomy. Matter writes, in commencing the subject: "La musique a toujours été traité par les anciens comme une branche essentielle des mathématiques, et au lieu d'emprunter ses principes à d'autres, elle a souvent prêté les siens même aux astronomes.' " The Wagner school of music assert music was not meant for the amusement of the people, but to give moral, intellectual, and religious instruction. Philo, in his knowledge and appreciation of music and frequent mention of it in his theological works, shows that he was a disciple of Pythagoras in relation to music, as he is said to have been in other respects, and was as often called the Pythagorean as the Platonist, and probably Plato stood to Pythagoras as Aristotle was inclined to ArisW. J. BIRCH. toxenes. After giving an account of the origin of music, and saying that Pythagoras founded it exclusively upon mathematics and harmony, and, in spite of writers of theories to the contrary, commanded undisputed possession of the world, he thus relates a revolution which took place, and seems ever since to have given the principles of liberty to music:"Les principes d'harmonie furent suivis généralement par les Grecs jusqu'aux temps d'Aristoxène de Tarente, malgré les efforts qu'avait faits Lasus d'Hermione pour introduire une théorie nouvelle. Aristoxène, disciple THE BATTLE-FIELD OF CANNÆ. d'Aristote, enleva quelques partisans à Pythagore. Sa théorie differait essentiellement de celle du philosophe In continuation of this discussion as to the de Samos, basé sur les seuls rapports mathématiques. precise site of the battle-field of Cannæ, I may be Aristoxène, qui était un artiste distingué, aima mieux allowed to observe that the natural and direct consulter l'oreille et la sensation, et il osa faire valoir de course for the Romans advancing from Larinum beaux airs en dépit des calculs mathématiques. Après avoir rendu dans ses harmoniques l'hommage qu'il croyait or the neighbourhood of Lucera would be what is dû aux théories, il publia dans son traité de l'audition now the great post road, which leads from Foggia musicale, des opinions entièrement contraires à celles de to the bridge over the Aufidus, where I left the Pythagore. Son triomphe fut complet: tous les musi-post road. In those days there would be nothing ciens de la Grèce se firent Aristoxéniens, et nous pouvons more than a mere track, or mule path, such as we joindre nos hommages à ceux des Grecs, puisqu'une still find in every part of this country. There are partie de ses ouvrages nous est restée." no roads such as we understand, but mere paths, along which a mule may jog, but no wheel-carriage can pass along with safety. I had, indeed, taken a curricle at Barletta, but the road became so bad and unsafe that, after the shades of evening set in, I felt it necessary to walk several miles as I approached Canusium, now called Canosa. I have given in the language and words of the author, M. Matter, the above, which is the most important, and will render part of it into English, and the concluding observations he makes: "Aristoxenes, disciple of Aristotle, took away some partisans from Pythagoras. His theory differed essentially from that of the philosopher of Samos, based upon mathematical relations alone. Aristoxenes, who was a distinguished artist, liked better to consult the ear and sensation, and he dared to make beautiful airs of equal value in spite of mathematical calculations. After having in his harmonies paid homage that he thought due to theories, he published, in his treatise upon musical audition, opinions entirely contrary to those of Pythagoras. His triumph was complete: all the musicians of Greece became Aristoxenians, and we can join our homage to those of the Greeks, since a part of his works have remained to us.' The school of Alexandria, however, Matter says, "decided for learned music. Euclid re-established the mathematical principles of it in their ancient honours; however, it was impossible for him altogether to dispute everywhere the sceptre of his predecessor." Pythagoras is said to have lived 500 or 600 years before Christ, and Aristotle about 300, of whom The Romans approached with caution, taking care to reconnoitre, as they came near to Hannibal. They did not require to cross the river, but kept on the northern or left side. The ground on both sides of the river for a couple of miles up is comparatively level, and would be no great obstacle to an army. As you approach to the spot. opposite Canna the ground rises about fifty feet above the river, but in some places slopes gently down. From the level and soft nature of the ground the river has a meandering course, having many curves, and, in some places during the winter, evidently overflows the level land on its sides. None of the curves are large, and the ground, therefore, enclosed is small. The largest, called Pezzo del Sangue, opposite to Cannæ, does not appear, to my inexperienced eye, capable of containing upwards of a hundred thousand men in order of battle. I |