HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARK. , LITERARY AND HISTORICAL NOTICE. THIS tragedy is supposed to have been written in 1396. The principal incidents were probably drawn from a dramatic piece by one Thomas Ryd, and from a Historie of Hamblet, in black letter, adopted by Belleforest in his collection of novels (published 1364) from the narrative of Saxo-Grain mations, the old Danish historian. The play has long been accounted a first-rate dramatic production, for, with some egregious blunders, it con tains a variety of unparalleled beauties. As origiually written, it consumed four hours in the representation : persons, in Shakspeare's time, visiting the theatre so early as four o'clock, and regarding the qnality less than the quantity obtained for their money: this will excuse some of those trifling interlocutions which yet remain. Perhaps none of our poet's undertakings have been subjected to so much erudite and ingenious cri. ticism as this ; and none, certainly, after its most severe exercise, have been left with so much to approve. For although it has been observed, with some appearance of justice, that in the management of the piece, Shakspeare has been rather unfortunate, all its most striking circumstances arising so early in the formation, as " not to leave him room for a conclusion suitable to the importance of its beginning;" yet this defect is amply recompensed by the sublimity of conception, the didactic morality of sentiment, the pathetic intenseness of feeling, the power and comprehensiveness of diction, and the delightful diversity of character, which are displayed in almost every scene. Indeed, were each drama of Shakspeare to be characterized by the par. ticular quality which distinguishes it from the rest, the praise of variety must especially be given to the tragedy of Hamlet ; as it is interchangeably contrasted" with merriment that includes judicious and instructive observations; and with solemnity not strained by peetical violence above the natural sentiments of man." To those, however, who are mentally capable of appreciating its excellences as a play, the charm of perusing it in the closet will probably be greater than the delight of witnessing its exhibition ; since it is rich in the treasures of contemplative and philosophical speculation ; divested of the glare and bustle which captivate or bewilder the senses ; whilst the principal character, though furnished with abundant materials, is almost the only support of the piece, and seldom meets with a represeutative in whom the beauties of the original are eHectively embodied. Of the plot it may be observed, that it teems with slanghter, and is justly obnoxious to criticism in many of its parts; but the catastrophe is certainly its most disgusting feature, and can only be tolerated by the known partiality of an English audience for a multiplicity of deaths and bloodshed. "The manner of l'amlet's death (says Dr. Johnson) is not very happily produced ; for the exchange of weapons is racher an expedient of necessity, than a stroke of art." DRAMATIS PERSONÆ. CLAUDIUS, King of Denmark. FRANCISCO, a Soldier. HAMLET, Son to the former, and Nephew to REYNALDO, Servant to Polonius. the present King. A CAPTAIN.--An AMBASSADOR. POLONTUS, Lord Chamberlain. Ghost of Hamlel's Father. FORTINBRAS, Prince of Norway. GERTRUDE, Queen of Denmark, and Mother of Hamlet. OPHELIA, Daughter of Polonius. Lords, Ladies, Officers, Soldiers, Players, Another COURTIER. Grave-diggers, Sailors, Messengers, A PRIEST. and other Attendants. MARCELLUS, BERNARDO, SCENE, Elsinore. } } Oficers. ACT I. SCENE 1.-Elsinore.--A Platform before the Castle. BERNARDO. Fran. Nay, answer me : stand, and unfold Ber. Long live the king ! hour. Ber. 'Tis now struck twelve ; get thee to bed, Francisco. ter cold, Ber. Have you bad quiet guard ? Ber. Well, good night. Enter HORATIO and MARCELLUS. is there? 172 HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARK. Act I. Mar. And liegemen to the Dane. Why this saine strict and most observant watch Fran. Give you good night. So nightly toils the subject of the land ; Mar. O, farewell, honest soldier: And why such daily cast of brazen cannon, Who hath reliev'd you ? And foreign mart for implements of war ; Fran. Bernardo hath my place. Why such impress of shipwrights, whose sore Give you good night. [Erit FRANCISCO. task Mar. Holla! Bernardo ! Does not divide the Sunday from the week : Ber. Say. What might be toward, that this sweaty baste What, is Horatio there? Doth make the night joint-labourer with the Hor. A piece of him. day ; Ber. Welcome, Horatio ; welcome, good Mar- Who is't, that can inform me? cellus. Hor. That can I ; Mor. Wbat, has this thing appear'd again At least, the whisper goes so. Our last king, to-night? Whose image even but now appear'd to us, Ber. I have seen nothing. Was, as you know, by Fortinbras of Norway, Mar. Horatio says, 'tis but our fantasy ; Thereto prich'd on by a most einulate pride, And will not let belief take hold of hin, Dar'd to the combat; in which our valiant Touching this dreaded sight, twice seen of us : Hamlet [him,) Therefore I have entreated him, along (For so this side of our known world esicem'd With us to watch the minutes of this night, Did slay this Fortinbras; who, by a seal'd comThat, if again this apparitiou come, Well ratinied by law and heraldry, (pact, He may approve our eyes, and speak to it. Did forfeit, with his life, all those his lands Hor. Tush ! tush ! 'twill not appear. Wbich he stood seiz'd of, to the conquerer : Ber. Sit down awhile ; Against the which, a moiety competent And let us once again assail your ears, Was gaged by our king ; which had return'd That are so fortified against our story, To the inberitance of Fortinbras, What we two nights have seen. Had be been vanquisher; as, by the same coHor. Well, sit we down, mart, And let us hear Bernardo speak of this. And carriage of the article design'd, + Ber. Last night of all, His fell to Hamlet : Now, Sir, young FortinWhen yon same star, that's westward from the Of unimproved mettle hot and full, I (bras, pole, Hath in the skirts of Norway, here and there, Had made bis course to illume that part of heaven Shark'd ý up a list of landless resolutes, Where now it burns, Marcellus, aud myself, For food and diet, to soine enterprise The bell then beating one, That hath a stomach || in't : which is no other Mar. Peace, break thee off-look, where it (As it doth well appear unto our state,) comes again! But to recover of us, by strong band, Aud ternis compulsátory, those 'foresaid lands Enter GHOST. So by bis father loat: And this, I take it, Ber. In the same figure like the king that's Is the inaiu motive of our preparations ; dead. Tbc source of this our watch; and the chief Mar. Thou art a scholar, speak to it, Horatio. head Ber. Looks it not like the king ? mark it, of this post-haste and romage { in the land. Horatio. [Ber. I think it be no other, but even so: Hor. Most like :-it harrows me with fear, well may it sort, ** that this portentous figure and wonder. Comes armed through our watch ; so like the Ber. It would be spoke to. kiag Mar. Speak to it, Horatio. That was, and is, the question of these wars. Hor. What art thou, that usurp'st this time Hor. A mote it is, to trouble the mind's eye. of night, In the most high and palmy ++ state of Rome, Together with that fair and warlike form A little ere the mightiest Julius fell, (dead In which the majesty of buried Denmark The graves stood tenantless, and the sheeted Did sometimes march ?-By beaven I charge Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets. thee, speak! Mar. It is offended. As, stars with trains of fire and dews of blood, Ber. See ! it stalks away. Disasters in the sun ; and the inoist star, 11 Hor. Stay; speak : speak I charge thee, spcak. Upou whose infuence Neptune's empire stands, (Erit Ghost. Was sick almost to doomsday with eclipse. Mar. "Tis gone, and will not answer. And even the like precurse of tierce eveuts,Ber. How now, Horatio ? you tremble, and As harbingers preceding still the fates, look pale : And prologue to the omen gs coming on, Uuto our climatures and countrymen.--) Re-enter GHOST. of mine own eyes. But, soft ; behold! lo, where it comes again! Mar. Is it not like the king ? I'll cross it, though it blast me.-Stay, illuHor. As thou art to thyself : sion ! Such was the very armour he had on. If thou hast any sound, or use of voice, When he the ambitious Norway combated : Speak to me : So frown'd he once, wben, in angry parle, t li tbere be any good thing to be done, He smote the sledded 1 Polack ☆ on the ice. That may to thee do ease, and grace to me, 'Tis strange. Speak to me : Which happily foreknowing may avoid, Extorted treasure in the womb of earth, (Cock crous. Mar. Good now, sit down, and tell me, he that knows, • Joint bargain. Picked. • Make good or establish. + Dispute, Resolution. T Search • Suit. 1 Sledge. An inbabitant of Poland. Just. It Victorious. 1: The moon. SI Eveu, it. Speak of it:-stay, and speak.-Stop it, Mar. Now for ourself, and for this time of meeting. cellus. Thus much the business is : We have here writ Mar. Shall I strike at it with my partizan ? To Norway, uncle of young Fortinbras,Hor. Do, if it will not stand. Who, impotent and bed-rid, scarcely hears Ber. 'Tis here ! of this his nephew's purpose,--to suppress Hor. 'Tis here! His further gait herein ; in that the levirs, Mar. 'Tis gone! [Exit Ghost. The lists, and full proportions, are all made We do it wrong, being so inajestical, Out of bis subject :--and we here despatch To offer it the show of violence ; You, good Corn lius, and you Voltinand, For it is, as the air, invulnerable, For bearers of this greeting to old Norway ; And our vain blows malicious mockery. Giving to you no further personal power Ber. It was about to speak, when the cock To business with the king, more than the scope crew. Of these dilated articles allow. (duty. Hor. And then it started like a guilty thing Farewell ; and let your baste commend your Upon a fearful summons. I have heard, Cor. Vol. In that and all things will we show The cock, that is the trumpet of the morn, our duty. Doth with his lofty and sluill-sounding throat King. We doubt it nothing; beartily fare. Awake the god of day ; and, at his warning, well. Whther in sea or fire, lu earth or air, (Ereunt VOLTIMAND and CORNELIUS. The extravagant and erring spirit hics And now, Laertes, what's the news with you? To his contine ; and of the truth herein You told us of some suit; What is't, Lae tes ? This present object made probation. + You cannot speak of reason to the Dane, Mar. It faded on the crowing of the cock. And lose your voice : What would'st thou beg, Some say, that ever 'gainst that season comes Laertes, Wherein our Saviour's birth is celebrated, That shall not be my offer, not thy asking? This bird of dawning sinzeth all night long : The head is not more native to the heart, And then they say no spirit darts stir abroad ; The band more instrumental to the mouth, The nights are wholesome; then no planets Than the throne of Denmark to thy father. strike, What wouldst thou have, Laertes ? Your leave and favour to return to France ; mark, But look, the morn, in russet mantle clad, To show my duty in yonr coronation ; Walks o'er the dew of yon high eastern hill: Yet now, I must confess, that duty done, Break we our watch up; and, by my advice, My thoughts and wishes bend again toward Let us impart what we have seen to-night Fralice, Unto young Hamlet : for, upon my life, And how thein to your gracious leave and pardoni. This spirit, dumb to lis, will speak to him : king. Have you your father's leave? What Do you consent we shall acquaint him with it, says Polonins ? As needful in our loves, titting our duty ? Pol. He bath, my lord, [wruug from me my Mar. Let's do't, I pray ; and I this morning slow leave, kuow By laboursome petition ; and, at last, Where we shall find him most convenient. Upon his will I seal'd my bard consent :) (Exeunt. I do beseech yoll, give him leave to go. King. Take thy fair hour, Laert 8; time be SCENE 11.-The same.- A Room of State in thine, the same. And thy best graces ; spend it at thy will. But now, my cousin Hamlet, and my soll,---Enter the KING, QUEEN, HAMLET, POLONIUS, Ham. A little more thau kin, and less than LAERTES, VOLTIMAND, CORNELIUS, LORDS, kind. + [ A side. and Attendants. King. How is it, that the clouds still hang on King. Though yot of Hamlet our dear bro. ther's death Ham. Not so, my lord, I am too much l'the The mcmory be green ; and that it us befitted sun. To bear our' bearts in grief, and our whole king- Queen. Good Hamlet, cast thy nigbted colour dom ofl, To be contracted in one brow of woe ; And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark. Yet so far hath discretion fought with nature, Do not, for ever, with thy veiled liels I Tbat we with wisest sorrow think on him, Seek fur thy noble father in the dust : Together with remembrance of ourselves. Tuou know'st 'tis common; all that live must Therefore our sometiine sister, now our queen, die ; Ham. Ay, madam, it is commou. Ham. Seems, niadam! nay, it is I kvow not Nor the dejected haviour of the visage, Holding a weak supposal of our worth ; Together with all forms, modes, shows of grief, Or thinking, by our late dear brother's death, That can denote me truly : These, indved, Our state to be disjoint and out of frame, seem, Colleagued with this dream of his advantage, For they are actions that a man miglit play : He hath not fail'd to pester is with message, But I have that within, which passeth showImporting our surrender of those lands These, but the trappings and the suits of woe. Lost by his father, with all bands ý of law, King. 'Tis sweet and commendab!e in your To our most valiant brother.-So much for pature, Hamlet, bim. To give these mourning duties to your father : you? seems. • Wundering Grief. Proof. • Way path child. + Kin is the Teutonick word for : Dejected eyes. mon 174 HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARK. Act I. But, you must know, your father lost a father ; It is not, nor it cannot come to, good. That father lost his ; and the survivor bound But break, my heart; for I must hold my In filial obligation, for some termi tongue ! To do obsequious sorrow : But tu persever In obstinate condolement, is a course Enter HORATIO, BERNARDO, and MARCELLUS, Of impious stubbornness; 'tis unmanly grief: Hor. Hail to your lordsbip ! Il shows a will most incorrect to heaven; llam. I am glad to see you well: A heart unfortified, or mind inpatient ; Horatio,--or I do forget myself. An understanding simple and unschool'd; Hor. The same, my lord, and your poor serFor what we know must be, and is as com vant ever. Ham. Sir, my good friend; I'll change that As any the most vulgar thing to sense, name with you. Why should we, in our peevish opposition, And what make you from Wittenberg, HoiaTake it to heart? Fie! 'Tis a fault to heaven. Marcellus ? A fault against the dead, a fault to nature, Mar. My good lord,To reason most absurd ; whose common theme Ham. I am very glad to see you ; good eve!, Is death of fathers, and who still hath cried, Sir.From the first corse, till he that died to-day, But what, in faithi, make you from Wittenberg? This must be so. We pray you, throw to earth Hor. A truant disposition, good my lord. This unprevailing woe ; and ihink of us Ham, I would not hear your enemy say so: As of a father : for let the world take lote, Nor shall you do mine ear that violence, You are the most immediate to our throne ; To make it truster of your own report And, with no less nobility of love, Against yourself: I know you are no truant. Than that which dearest father bears his son, But what is your affair in Ersinore ? Do I impart toward you. For your interit We'll teach you to drink deep ere you depart In going back to school in Wittenberg, Ilor. My lord, I came to see your father's It is most retrograde * to our desire; funeral. And, we beseech you, bend you to remain Ham. I pray thee, do not mock me, fellow Here, in the cheer and comfort of our eye, student ; Our cbicfest courtier, cousin, and our son. I think, it was to sce my motber's wedding. Queen. Let not thy mother lose her prayers, llor. Indeed, my lord, it follow'd hard upon. Hamlet; Hum. Thrift, thrift, Horatio ! the funeral bahu I pray thee, stay with us; go not to Wittenberg. meats Ham. I shall in all niy best obey you, u.a. Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tahles. dam. 'Would I had met my dearest + foe in heaven King. Why, 'ris a loving and a fair reply ; Or ever I had seen that day, Horatio !Be as ourseli in Denmark.- Madam, come ; My father,-Metbinks, I see my father. This gentle and unforc'd accord of Hamlet Hor. Where, Sits smiling to my heart : in grace whereof, My lord ? No jocund health that Denmark drinks to-day, Ham. In my mind's eye, Horatio. But the great cannon to the clouds shall tell, Hor. I saw him once, he was a goodly king. And the king's rouse + the heaven shall bruit Ham. He was a man, take him for all in all, again, I shall not look upon his like again. Re-speaking earthly thunder. Come away Hor. My lord, I think I saw him yesternight. (Exeunt KING, QUEEN, Lords, &c. Polo. Ham. Saw ! who? NIUS, and LAERTES. lor. My lord, the king your father. This marvel to you. Ilam. For God's love, let me hear. Fie on't! O fie! 'tis an unweeded garden, Hor. Two nights together had these gentle. That grows to seed; things rank and gross in inen, nature Marcellus and Bernardo, on their watch, Possess it merely. That it should come to this ! In the dead waist and middle of the night, But two months dead !--nay, not so much, liot Been thus encounter'd. A figure like your father, So excellent a king; that was, to this, (two : Armed at point, exactly, cap-a-pé, Hyperion ** to a satyr : so loving to my mother, Appears before them, and, with solemn march, That he might not beteein ++ the winds of hea. Goes slow and stately by them : thrice he ven walk'd Visit her face too roughly. Heaven and earth! By their oppress'd and fear-surprized eyes, Must I remember? why, she would bang on him, Withia his truncheon's leugth; whilst they, As if increase of appetite had grown distillid By what it fed on: And yet, within a month, Almost to jelly with the act of fear, Let me not think on't ;-Frailty, thy name is Stand dumb, and speak not to him. This to me woman! In dreadful secrecy impart they did; A little month : or ere those shoes were old, And l with them, the third night, kept the With which she follow'd my poor father's body, watch; Like Niobe, all tears ;----why she, even she, Where, as they had deliver'd, both in time, O heaven! a beast, that wants discourse of rea- Form of the thing, each word made true and good, Would have mourn'd longer,-married with my The apparition comes : 1 knew your father ; uncle, These bands are not more like. My father's brother ; but no more like my fa. Ham. But where was this? ther, Ilor. My lord, upon the platforin where we Than I to Hercules : Within a month, watch'd. Ere yet the salt of most uprighteous tears Ham. Did you not speak to it ? Had left the flushing in ber called eyes, Hor. My lord, I did; She married :-0 most wicked speed, to post But answer made it none : yet once, methought, Witia such dexterity to incestuous sliecis! It listed up its head, and did address • It was anciently the custom to give a wo Jentertata ment at a funcral. + Chiefest. * Report. i Ederrely . Attent:74. Itself to motion, like as it would speak; And now no soil, nor cautel, doth besmirch + For he himself is subject to his birth : llam. 'Tis very strange. He may not, as unvalued persons do, Ilor. As I do live, iny honour'd lord, 'tis Carve fer bimself; for on bis choice depends true : The safety and the health of the whole state; And we did think it writ down in our duty, And therefore must his choice be circumscrib'd To let you know of it. Unto the voice and yielding of that body, Ham. Indeed, indeed, Sirs, but this troubles Whereof he is the head : Then if he says be Hold you the watch to-night? (me. loves you, All. We do, my lord. It fits your wisdom so far to believe it, Ham. Arm'd, say you? As he in his particular act and place All. Arm'd, my lord. May give his saying deed ; which is no further, Ham. From top to toe ? Than the main voice of Denmark goes withal. All. My lord, from head to foot. Then weigh what loss your bouour may susHam. Then saw you not tain, His face. If with too credentear you list 6 his songs; Hor. O yes, my lord; he wore his beaver * Or lose your heart : or your chaste treasure open up. To bis uninaster'a || importunity. Ham. What, look'd he frowningly? Fear it, Ophelia, fear it, my dear sister; Hor. A countenance more And keep you in the rear of your affection, In sorrow than in anger. Ont of the shot and danger of desire. Ham. Pale, or red ? The cbariest f maid is prodigal enough, Jlor. Nay, very pale. If she unmask her beauty to the moon : Ham. And fix'd his eyes upon you ? Virtue itself scapes not caluinvious strokes : lor. Most constantly, The canker galls the infants of the spring, Ilum. I would I had been there. Too oft before their buttons be disclos'd; Hor. It would bave much amaz'd you. And in the morn and liquid dew of youth Ham. Very like, Contagious blastments are most imminent. Very like : Stay'd it long? Be wary then : best safety lies in fear ; Hor. While one with moderate baste might Youth to itself rebels, though none else near. tell a hundred. Oph. I shall the effect of this good lesson Mar. Ber. Longer, longer. keep, Hor. Not wheu I saw it. As watchman to my heart : But, good my brother, Hum. His beard was grizzl'd ? no? Do not, as some ungracions pastors do, llor. It was, as I have seen it in his life, Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven; A sable silver'd. Whilst, like a puft'd and and reckless ** libertine, Ham. I will watch to-pight : Himself the priinrose path of dalliance treads, Perchance, 'twill walk again. And recks not his own read. 17 Hor. I warrant it will. Laer. O fear ine not. Enter POLONIUS. A double blessing is a double grace ; Occasion smiles upon a second leave. And whatsoever else shall hap to-night, Pol. Yet here, Laertes! aboard, aboard, for Give it au understanding, but no tongue : shame ; I will requite your loves : So, fare you well : The wind sits in the shoulder of your sail, Upon the platform, 'twixt eleven and twelve, And you are staid for: (1) Tbere,-my blessing l'll visit you. with you; All. Our duty to your honour. (Laying his Hand on LAERTES' Head. Ham. Your loves, as mine to you : Farewell. And these few precepts in thy memory [Exeunt HoratiO, MARCELLUS, und Ber. Look thou character. I Give thy thoughts no NARDO. tongne, My father's spirit in arms! all is not well; Nor any unproportion'd thought his act. I doubt some foul play : 'would, the night were Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar. come! The friends thou hast, and their adoption triel, Till then, sit still, my soul : Foul deeds will rise Grapple them to thy soul with hooks it steel ; (Though all the earth o'erwhelm them) to men's But do not dull thy palm sý with entertainment eyes. [Erit. of each new-hatch'd, untedg'd comrade. Be. ware SCEVE III.-A Room in Polonius' House. or entrance to a quarrel : bnt, being in, Enter LAERTES and OPHELIA. Bear it thai the opposer may beware of thee, Give every man thine ear, but few thy voice : Laer. My necessaries are embark'd ; farewell : Take each mau's censure, Ill but reserve thy And, sister, as the winds give benefit, judgment. An convoy is assistant, do not sleep, Costly thy babit as thy purse can buy, Bit let me hear from you. But not express'd in fancy ; rich, not gandy: Oph. Do you doubt that ? For the apparel oft proclaims the man ; Laer. For Hamlet, and the trifling of his fa. And they in France, of the best rank and staHold it a fashion, and a toy in blood; (vour, tion, (that. A violet in the youth of primy nature, Are most select and generous, 8C chief ei. in Forward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting, Neither a borrower, nor a lender be ; The perfume and suppliance of a minute ; For loan oft loses both itself and friend; No more. And borrowing dulls the edge of husba uri.tit Oph. No more but so? Laer. Think it no more : • Subtlety, deceit. Discolour. For nature, crescent, + does not grow alone Believing: Listen to. I Liceatious. In thews, and bull ; but, as this temple waxes, Most cautious. .. Careless ++ Regards not The inward service of the mind and son his own lessons. 11 Write. $Palm of the hand 11 Opinion. 9 Noble. Grows wide witbal. Perhaps, lie loves you now; *** Chiefly. +it Economy. (*' The lines following this are usually omitted; hal • Taut vat of the helmet which may be lifted up. they contain a compact richness of instruction drierr. + ucreasing. . Siuews. ing attentiou in public, and perusal in private. |