classes of vehicles as furnishing communication between the large railroad yards and the markets and bonded warehouse district. All the streets in this region are paved with rectangular blocks having flat heads and close joints. Inspection of repaired cuts at various points showed that in many cases the blocks are laid directly on a sand foundation or on the ground with no concrete base. The older portions of the city have stone pavements in somewhat less good condition, but still fair, although along the docks the same state of affairs is noted as in Liverpool, namely, an area of cobblestones of the old type. Like Liverpool, also, there is a double-track freight railroad and overhead electric passenger railway connecting the outskirts of the city with the business section. A tunnel for horsedrawn and motor vehicles gives access to the district on the islands and south side of the Elbe. There is a total area of paved streets of 5,956,080 square yards divided as follows:

Ordinary stone block or slag block.

Course stone paving blocks prepared by machine with

Ordinary stone block or slag block with tar joints.
Course stone paving blocks prepared by machine with
sand joints..

2.80 3.20"

tar joints.

"Bridgestone" or dressed stone block pavement upon concrete foundation with tar joints...

3.80 to

"Kleinpflaster" on old telford foundation.

1.40 to

4.00 "
1.50"

་་

:::

Small shade trees, including garden mold, setting support

ing post and guard....

Plain wrought-iron grass-plot fencing.

4-inch diameter tile drain, including excavation and pavement..

8-inch diameter tile drain, including excavation and pavement..

10-inch diameter tile drain, including excavation and pavement.

12-inch diameter tile drain, including excavation and pavement...

16-inch diameter tile drain, including excavation and pavement.

19-inch diameter tile drain, including exca

vation and pavement..

Drain pipe sewer branch..

Up to an average
depth of 4 me-
ters without in-
cluding inlets.

Excavation for sewer construction, including backfill and trans-
portation of material up to a depth of 4 meters..
Excavation for sewer construction, including backfill and trans-
portation of material at additional depths....

.80 per cu. yd.

1.00 per cu. yd. .10.00 per cu. yd.

Masonry work with cement mortar for sewer construction.
Gutter inlets complete, including earth work and repaving, but
excluding drain pipe in pavement without concrete foundation.. 18.00 each
Gutter inlets complete, including earth work and repaving with
with asphalt, wood or stone pavements on concrete foundations. 22.00 each
Concrete, one to seven.

Masonry...

Masonry in connection with water supply construction..
Cut and dressed pine lumber..

$4.00 to

5.00 per cu. yd. 6.00 per cu. yd. 8.00 per cu. yd.

.06 to

.07 per ft. B. M.

.08 per ft. B. M. 1.54 per lin. yd. 1.98 per lin. yd. to 80.00 per cu. yd. to 60.00 per cu. yd.

Small hardware for water supply appurtenances.

Ironwork....

Cast-iron..

Reinforced concrete piles, driven-complete.

.10 per lb.

.05

,,per lb.

.02% per lb.

4.40 per lin. yd.

The following are the usual charges for work in small quantities done for bureaus or private parties:

.031 to

.02 to

3.30 to

Rough pavement or macadam, including gutter, minimum amount.

Course stone or slag block pavement with tar joints-minimum

"Kleinpflaster" on concrete foundation, minimum amount.

3.20

Compressed asphalt, wood or large stone.

4.00

Compressed asphalt, wood or large stone, minimum amount.

All work not included in the above list is charged at cost plus 5% for supervision.

New pavements are constructed almost entirely by contract; very seldom by city labor. No testing laboratory is maintained and no particular tests made of

View of stone pavement in the vicinity of freight yards and public market.