The necessary water for the concrete shall be furnished by the Contractor without compensation. The construction of the concrete shall be started only after the subgrade has been approved by the Administration.

Unless otherwise ordered for the work of paving, the wood blocks must be laid in straight parallel courses diagonal to the length of the street, properly and regularly rammed, and the joining to the sidewa!ks, tram rails, sewer covers, etc., must be done with five-cornered blocks or with the so-called half blocks. Between the individual rows of blocks (in the joints) strips of about 18 of an inch thick and 112 inches in height shall be laid and the joints filled with fine gravel and bituminous filler.

The surface of the pavement shall have the proper cross-section and shall show no irregularities. After laying of the pavement, the surface shall be covered with an asphaltic coating and a layer of fine gravel to a depth of not more than 12 inch.

The adjoining sidewalk shall not be moved due to the swelling of the blocks. If this should happen, the Contractor is required to make the necessary repairs at his own expense.

3. Precautions in Regard to Traffic.—The Contractor is required to put up signs or necessary safety appliances to properly guard and illuminate the place at night during the full period of construction and to prevent any accidents and the theft of materials, without extra charge.

§ 4. Removal of Waste Material.-All refuse and waste materials arising from the work of the Contractor shall be removed without compensation.

g 5. Computation of Work Performed.—The prices specified in Articles 2 and 3 include all daily wages.

All openings and objects of 2/10 square meter and above in area are deducted from the wood block area. In new construction or total renewal of wood block pavement, including concrete foundations, the area of rails of street railways shall not be deducted.

In cases where only one side of the rail is to be paved, one-half of the rail area shall be included in the area. In repair work the including of rail area is not allowed.

In constructions paid by the day, which occur occasionally and at special request of the Administration and are shown by weekly lists, no foreman shall be included unless so ordered.

For driveways to be constructed at house doors, no compensation will be given.

Earth and pavement work shall be paid according to tariff number 20, taking consideration of the existing discount percentage.

$ 6. Time of Guarantee.--The Contractor is responsible for all repairs to be done, during the tinie as specified in papragraph 12; in repairs of the area 0.25 meters on both sides of rails, the Contractor is responsible for two months only, starting the day of completion, but has to furnish the necessary material for these repairs during the time of maintenance.

In case of new construction, the Contractor is responsible for the pavement one year in the railroad area and five years for the rest of the pavement, this period beginning three months after the completion of the work.

I. WAGES
Item
No.
Classification

Price 1 General foreman, per hour.

$0.20 2 1 foreman, per hour..

.16 3 1 paving helper, per hour, including the furnishing of tools. 4 1 day laborer, per hour, other than No. 3.. 5 For night work the compensation for the higher wages according to Section 19

of the general specifications will be paid. For supplying light 30 per cent.
will be added to Items Nos. 1-4.

.12

.08 Price

$3.02 2.69

2.62 2.28

II. New CONSTRUCTIONS
Item
No.

Classification
6 1 square yard of wood block pavement, blocks to be 5 inches deep, 3 inches

wide and from 5 to 8} inches long, made from soft pine or fir wood impreg-
nated with zinc chloride and tar oil with as little odor as possible. The
use of more than one kind of wood is not permitted. This pavement to
be on a foundation of concrete 7 to 8 inches in thickness made of Portland
cement (domestic brand) or slag cement of best quality, sand clean, fresh,
free from earth and loam, and clean gravel in the proportion of 1:3:5,
in which 73.7 lbs. of Portland cement or 55.3 lbs. of slag cement are to
be used for 1 square yard, including all material and labor.

(a) Including furnishing cement.

(b) Not including furnishing cement. 7 1 square yard of wood block pavement paved with blocks 3 inches wide, 4

inches deep and from 5 to 84 inches long, otherwise as No. 6.

(a) Including furnishing cement..

(b) Not including furnishing cement.
8 1 square yard of wood block pavement paved with blocks 3 inches deep, 3

inches wide and from 6 to 84 inches long on a cement foundation 6 inches
thick in which 58.9 lbs. of Portland cement or 44.19 lbs. slag cement shall
be taken for 1 square yard, otherwise as No. 6.

(a) Including furnishing cement...

(b) Not including furnishing cement..
9 1 square yard of wood block pavement paved with blocks 5 inches deep, 3

inches wide and from 6 to 8} inches long, made of pine or fir wood (the
mixing of different kinds of wood on one job not being permitted) impreg-
nated with creosote oil, on a cushion 1 inch thick of similar material over
an old foundation of broken masonry or upon an existing concrete founda-

tion, including all material and all work....
10 1 square yard of wood block pavement paved with blocks 4 inches deep;

otherwise as No. 9.....
11 1 square yard of wood block pavement paved with blocks 3 inches deep;

otherwise as No. 9....
Remarks concerning Items Nos. 9 to 11:

The filling up of small irregularities with Danube River sand is included
Board of an inch thick shall be furnished by the Contractor for carpenter

work.

2.18 1.92

2.34

1.98

1.68

in the price.

III. REPAIRS

(a) In pavements mentioned under Nos. 6, 7 and 8.

Concrete and wood blocks, Blocks without concrete, but not including tearing up including tearing up and removing old

and removing old material

material
Amount of total area
when the individ-

6"
4"
3"
6"
4"

3"
ual repairs are not
more than 300

Height of blocks meters distant

according to item No.
from each other

6
7
8
6
7

8

Up to and More than including sq. meter

sq. meter
1

5
5
20

13 14 15 16 17 18

20

(b) In pavements mentioned under Nos. 9, 10 and 11

Blocks exclusive of concrete, but including tearing up

and removal of old material

Remarks concerning Items 12 to 25:
In repairs of openings less than 1 sq. meter in area, four such openings are

to be counted as 1 square meter.

Price

$0.25

.44 .34 .27

1.00 3.60

Item
No.

Classification
26 In repairs of the roadway and the outside strip of the railroad area which are

undertaken without closing the street to traffic, on account of the more

difficult work the prices of Nos. 12 to 25 shall be increased per square yard. 27. Should block made from fir wood of the Styrian mountains, impregnated with

tar oil, be used, the prices of Nos. 12 to 18 shall be raised as follows:

(a) Blocks 6 inches deep per square yard...
(b) Blocks 4 inches deep per square yard.

(c) Blocks 3 inches deep per square yard. 28 Repairs with Australian tallow-wood:

The prices for pavements with blocks 4 inches deep in Nos. 12 to 18
shall be:

(a) In pavements with block at hand, decreased by.
(b) In pavements with new material increased by..
In pavements with old blocks the cleaning of the blocks is

included in the stated price. For furnishing new blocks
9 inches long, 3 inches wide and 4 inches high made from

tallow-wood, 9c shall be paid per block.
29 Should the use of blocks of a depth different from that specified be made

necessary, the payment shall be made as follows:

(a) For blocks up to 3 inches the same price as for 3-inch blocks.
(b) For blocks of a greater depth than 3 inches up to and including

4 inches, the same price as for 4-inch blocks.
(c) For blocks of a greater depth than 4 inches up to and including

5 inches, the same price as for 5-inch blocks.
Separate compensation for the leveling of the roadbed on account of the use of

blocks of dissimilar depths is not allowed.
30 1 cubic yard of concrete in the proportion of 1 part Portland cement to 3 parts

of sand and 5 parts gravel in which 351 lbs. cement shall be taken for
1 cubic yard concrete.
(I) Up to and including 2 cubic yards.

(a) Including the furnishing of the cement..

(b) Not including the furnishing of the cement.
(II) More than 2 cubic yards.

(a) Including the furnishing of the cement.
(b) Not including the furnishing of the cement.

4.71 3.12

Price

$5.40 3.12

6.46 3.19

7.45 3.19

.18 .25 .42

.35

.68

.12

.76

a

.12

Item
No.

Classification
31 1 cubic yard of concrete in the proportion of 1 part Portland cement to 2 parts

of sand and 4 parts of gravel in which 501.6 lbs. of cement shall be taken
for 1 cubic yard of concrete:

(a) Including the furnishing of the cement..

(b) Not including the furnishing of the cement...
32 1 cubic yard of concrete in the proportion of 1 part Portland cement to 4 parts

clean river sand in which 719 lbs. of Portland cement shall be used for
1 cubic yard of concrete:

(a) Including the furnishing of the cement..

(b) Not including the furnishing of the cement...
33 1 cubic yard of concrete in the proportion of 1 part Portland cement, 3 parts

clean river sand in which 936 lbs. cement shall be taken for 1 cubic yard
of concrete:

(a) Including the furnishing of the cement..

(b) Not including the furnishing of the cement. 34 To take up 1 square yard of concrete and remove the old material, thickness

of concrete up to:

(a) 4 inches...
(b) More than 4 inches up to 6 inches.

(c) More than 6 inches up to 8 inches.
35 Excavating a cubic yard of material from packed random stone foundation

and removing it to a point alongside up to a distance of 50 meters.... 36 Removing 1 cubic yard of broken foundation material with wagons.. 37 Digging up 1 cubic yard of earth or foundation waste material.. 38 Delivering 1 cubic yard of finely-screened broken foundation material to the

place of construction, including the loading and unloading, all labor,

inspection, etc. 39 Conveying 1 cubic yard of foundation waste material a distance of 50 meters

and levelling it on the surface; otherwise as No. 38...
40 Should the City furnish the wood blocks, the contractor shall carry the blocks

from the yard to the place of construction free of charge. The following
amounts will be deducted from the prices:
(a) Wood blocks 5 inches high, impregnated with zinc chloride and

tar oil..
(b) Wood blocks 4 inches high, impregnated with zinc chloride and

tar oil.
(c) Wood blocks 3 inches high, impregnated with zinc chloride and

tar oil...
(d) Wood blocks 5 inches high, impregnated with creosote oil.
(e) Wood blocks 4 inches high, impregnated with creosote oil.

(f) Wood blocks 3 inches high, impregnated with creosote oil.
41. Taking up 1 square yard of wood blocks and depositing them alongside the

street...
42 Cleaning wood blocks of filler, per square yard.
43 Filling up the space between rails and block on both sides of the rails with a

Portland cement mortar in the proportion of 1 : 4 per yard:
(I) With blocks 4 inches high.

(a) Including the furnishing of the cement....

(b) Not including the furnishing of the cement. (II) With blocks 5 inches high.

(a) Including the furnishing of the cement....

(b) Not including the furnishing of the cement. 44 Roughening 1 square yard of old concrete foundation, including the carrying

of the material... 45 Filling up 1 square yard of the granite belt adjoining the wood block pavement:

(I) With Portland cement mortar, mixing ratio 1:3.

(a) Not including the furnishing of the cement.

(b) Including the furnishing of the cement...

II) With a mixture of hot tar and pitch.... 46 Covering 1 square yard of new or old wood block pavement with a mixture

of hot tar and pitch and covering this with sand.

1.58

1.21

.97 1.66 1.37 1.13

.02 .17

.09 .06

.11 .09

.08

.09 .17 .38

.34

DIRECTION OF HIGHWAYS OF BRUSSELS
CITY OF BRUSSELS, BELGIUM

1910 The present report upon the highways of Brussels has been divided into two parts.

The first part gives general information (areas, class, quality, costs, advantages, etc.) relating to different methods of paving roadways in use in the capital.

The second is devoted to a statement of the conditions prescribed for contractors carrying on the construction of different pavements.

FIRST PART

General Information The highways of Brussels are divided into two classes: the greater highways whose maintenance is undertaken by the Government and the lesser highways, which include the streets maintained at the cost of the City. These streets are divided in accordance with their importance into principal ways and secondary ways.

Classified from the point of view of different types of pavements in use, the total area of the lesser highways, which amounts to approximately 1,612,800 square yards, is divided into the following classification:

Square Yards
Stone pavements, secondary ways.

858,240
Stone pavements, principal ways.

494,040 Ordinary macadam.

107,400 Bituminous macadam (tar-mac)..

19,200 Asphalt..

26,400 Wood.

106,200 Brick pavement...

1,320 The average amount of reconstruction is:

Square Yards
Stone pavements, taken up and relaid.

72,000
Stone pavements, new pavement..

24,000 Macadam..

12,000 Asphalt

1,800 Wood.

4,200 It results from the above that the total area of carriageways paved in stone block must be made over or newly constructed within a period of forty years: macadamized areas must be totally resurfaced every seven years; asphalted areas ought to be entirely renovated every fourteen or fifteen years; and wood pavements every ten years.

Stone Pavements The classes of material employed for stone pavements on carriageways are enumerated in the following table:

Blocks of porphyry have a head of 4 x 612 inches to 542 inches of depth and a slight reduction in area towards the bottom. They are procured from Quenast, de Lessines, and a small quantity from Bierghes. Blocks of granite are of the same shape as above, but their depth is 614 inches. They are procured from the quarries of the Meuse River (from Dinant, Namur, Andenne, Yvoir), from those of l'Ourthe (Esneux, Poulseur, Comblain-au-Pont, Rivage, etc.), from those of Attres-Mévergnies and from Huppaye.

PRICE OF REPAVING

PER SQ. YD.