588-538 The Jews under Babylonian rule.

(Daniel, Ezekiel, the second Isaiah.)

588-560 Gedaliah, Chaldean Governor of Judah. Gedaliah murdered.

560

538

538

536

Emigration of the Jews from Palestine into Egypt.
Babylon conquered by Cyrus.

538-332 The Jews under Persian rule.

516

478

458

444

432

Many Jews return to Palestine by permission of Cyrus.
Zerubbabel.

Building of the second Temple commenced. Samaritans
or Cutheans.

(Haggai, Zechariah.)

The Temple completed.
Esther queen; Mordecai.

Ezra the Scribe leads a colony of Jews from Persia to
Palestine; strict reforms.

Nehemiah sent by King Artaxerxes as Governor to Judea.
The town and the walls rebuilt; new organisation.
Sanballat.

Nehemiah returned to Persia.

(Malachi, the last prophet.)

332-164 The Jews under Macedonian, Egyptian, and Syrian rule. Ptolemy (I.) Lagi, satrap of Egypt, conquers Palestine after the battle of Gaza.

312

301

283

203

170

167

Ptolemy gains another victory in the battle of Ipsus.
The Greek or Septuagint translation of the Old Testament
commenced in Alexandria, under Ptolemy (II. )Phila-
delphus.

Antiochus (III.) the Great, king of Syria, takes Palestine
and Phoenicia.

Antiochus (IV.) Epiphanes plunders the Temple in Jerusa-
lem and massacres many Jews.

A Syrian army under Heliodorus occupies Jerusalem; the
Temple desecrated. Revolt under Mattathias.

167-161 Judas Maccabæus leader of the Jews.

164

161

Jerusalem retaken by the Jews; the Temple consecrated (25th of Kislev).

Judas killed in battle.

161-143 His brother Jonathan leader.

143 Jonathan made prisoner by Tryphon.

143-136 His brother Simon leader.