903. -hoc refers to Carthage, but takes the gender of regnum: § 296, a (195, d); B. 246, 5; G. 211, R.5; H. 396, 2 (445, 4); H.-B. 326, 1.— tendit... fovetque, this the goddess — if by any means the fates permit - already aims and fondly hopes to make the seat of royal power for the nations. —gentibus: dative of reference; § 376 (235); B. 188, 1; G. 350, 2; H. 425, 4 (384, 12); H.-B. 366, a. sinant: future protasis, of which the apodosis is absorbed in tendit esse, etc.—iam tum, even then while Carthage was in its infancy, and before Rome was founded. - tendit esse: § 563, N. (331, g); B. 295, N.; G. 423, N.2; H. 608, 2 (533, ii, 2); H.-B. 598, 2, b; esse is used with regnum instead of the regular subjunctive construction, and depends on tendit; cf. adire, v. 10.- - fovet, cherishes the hope. 19. sed enim, but [she feared for Carthage] for, etc., referring to the doubt implied in si... sinant. An ellipsis is implied, as with Greek ά››à yáp. - duci: present tense, because Æneas, the founder of the race, was still living; § 584 (336, a); B. 270, 1, a; G. 650; H. 644 (525); H.-B. 593. 20. Tyrias. arces: Carthage was one of a group of colonies from Tyre. quae verteret: subj. of purpose; § 531 (317); B. 282, 2; G. 630; H. 598, 2 (497, i) ; cf. H.-B. 507, 1 ; for the tense, see § 483 (286) ; B. 267, 2; G. 510; H. 543 (491); H.-B. 476. -- ... 21. populum late regem, a people widely ruling. used in its political sense, is constantly personified. The word populus, use of regem, see § 321, c (188, d); G. 288, R.; H. 495, 3 (441, 3); H.-B. 240, 2, b. bello: § 418 (253); B. 226; G. 398; H. 480 (424); H.-B. 441. — belloque superbum: properly, flushed with victory (see Vocabulary). Cf. Milton, Comus, v. 33: An old and haughty nation, proud in arms. 22. excidio Libyae: datives; one to what, the other for what; § 382, I and N.1 (233, a); B. 191, 2; G. 356; H. 433 (390); H.-B. 360, b. — volvere : i.e. the thread of destiny (Servius); the simple verb is not elsewhere used in this meaning, but its compounds often mean to spin (Ovid, Her. xii. 4; Sen., Herc. F. 181; Claud., R. P. 1, 53). The Parcae, or Destinies (Gr. Moîpai), are conceived as spinning the threads of human fate: Clotho holds a spindle; Lachesis draws the thread, and Atropos cuts it off: Comes the blind Fury with the abhorred shears, Those three fatall Sisters, whose sad hands And in their wrath break off the vitall bands. SPENSER, Daphnaïda, vv. 16-18. Cf. also Milton, Arcades, vv. 65 ff., and see the song of the Fates from Catullus, translated by Gayley, Classic Myths, p. 279. The three "weird (i.e. fateful) sisters" in Macbeth are originally the Scandinavian goddesses of destiny (cf. Gray, Bard, vv. 49 ff., 98–100). 23. veteris belli: the Trojan war; § 349, a (218, a); B. 204, 1; G. 374; H. 450 (399); H.-B. 354.—Saturnia, daughter of Saturn (Kronos), according to the Greek theogony; Italian mythology does not connect Saturnus, the old god of husbandry, and Juno; cf. Eclogues, iv, 6, note. Saturnia has no verb. 24. ad Troiam, round Troy: § 428, d (258, c, N.1); B. 182, 3; G. 386, R.2; cf. H. 418, 4 (380, ii, 1); H.-B. 453, 1. — pro caris Argis: the Grecian Hera (identified with Juno) was worshiped with especial veneration at Argos, as the great goddess of the Dorian race. The ruins of a famous temple have lately been discovered near there. Argos is here put for all Greece. - prima, as chief. 25-28. Parenthetical, particularizing the grounds of Juno's enmity. 25. necdum etiam, nor even now. — irarum: plural, referring to the many manifestations of her wrath; § 100, c (75, c); B. 55, 4, c; G. 204, R.5; H. 138, 2 (130, 2); H.-B. 240, 5, b. 26. animo in prose : ex would be repeated; § 402 (243, b); cf. B. 229, I, c; G. 390, R.3; H. (412, 2); H.-B. 410, 2. - manet: § 317, c (205, d); B. 255, 2, a; G. 285, 1; H. 392 (463, i); H.-B. 329, 2.— alta mente, etc., laid away deep in her mind: § 429 (258, f); B. 228, 1, d; G. 385, N.2; H. 485, 3 (425, N.3); H.-B. 433, a. —repostum for repositum: a syncopated form; § 640 (10, c); B. 367, 8; G. 725; H. 750, 2 (635, 2); H.-B. 650. 27. iudicium Paridis: see Introduction. Tennyson's Enone tells the story. spretae formae, of her slighted beauty, i.e. of the disparagement shown to her beauty in the decision of Paris: § 497 (292, a); B. 337, 5; G. 667, R.5; H. 636, 4 (549, N.2); H.-B. 608, 2. In George Peele's Arraignment of Paris, Juno thus expresses her resentment when the apple is awarded to Venus: But he [Paris] shall run and ban the dismal day Wherein his Venus bare the ball away; And heaven and earth just witnesses shall be, I will revenge it on his progeny. 28. genus invisum: i.e. from jealousy, since Dardanus, the founder of the Trojan race, was son of Jupiter and Electra (Æn. viii. 135).— Ganymedis: see Introd., p. xxvii. 29. his accensa, inflamed by these things, i.e. what has been told in the foregoing lines: § 409 (248, c, 1); B. 218; G. 401; H. 476 (420); H.-B. 423.—super (=insuper), besides, i.e. in addition to her anxiety for Carthage. -aequore: § 429, 2 (258, ƒ, 2); B. 228, 1, d; G. 388; H. 485, 2 (425, 2); H.-B. 433, a. 30. Troas: Greek acc. plur. of Trōs; § 82 (64); B. 47, 3; G. 66, 4; H. 109 (68); H.-B. 95. — reliquias Danaum, those left by the Greeks, i.e. escaped from them (literally, in our vulgar phrase, the "leavings of the Greeks); cf. Addison, Campaign: "Refuse of swords and gleanings of a fight." Virgil uses the Homeric tribal names Danai, Achivi, etc., indiscriminately for the Greeks in general. atque, and especially: § 324, b (156, a); B. 341, c; H.-B. 307, 2; for construction, cf. note, v. 27. 31. Latio: § 428, g (258, a, N.3); B. 229, 1, c; G. 390, 2, N.3; H. 466 (414, N.1); H.-B. 408, 2, and ftn.4. 32. errabant, had wandered (and still were wandering): § 471, b (277, b); B. 260, 4; G. 234; H. 535 (469, 2); H.-B. 485. Cf. note on gero, v. 48. 33. tantae molis, [a task] of so great toil was it (as is indicated by the description preceding), a very common use of the demonstrative adj. or pronoun, cf. tantae, v. 11: § 345 (215); B. 203, 5; G. 365, 366; H. 447 (402); H.-B. 355. - condere: § 452 (270); B. 327, 1; G. 422; H. 615 (538); H.-B. 597, I, a. 34. The story begins in the middle, as in the Odyssey (in medias res . auditorem rapit, Hor., Ars Poetica, 148). The Trojans are sailing round Sicily to avoid the dangerous Strait of Messina (iii. 562), and have just left Drepanum (iii. 707; see map). The earlier adventures are told afterwards by the hero himself (books ii, iii). This is a natural device to rouse interest (as in many modern novels). Cf. also Paradise Lost, which, as Milton himself says, "hastes into the midst of things, presenting Satan with his angels now fallen into hell" (see i. 50), the story of their fall not being fully told till book v, vv. 563 ff. 35. vela dabant laeti: at the prospect of a speedy end of their wanderings. ―salis, of the salt [sea]. So als in Greek. aere, bronze (beaks of the ships). The most ancient metal work was chiefly of bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, much easier to melt than pure copper, as well as harder. — ruebant, were ploughing up; ruo here transitive, = eruo. 36. cum Iuno . . . secum, sc. loquitur. The construction would require the omitted verb in the indicative: § 546, a (325, b); B. 288, 2; G. 581, R.; H. 600, i, 1; H.-B. 566, a. — sub pectore, i.e. in her heart, as we say. The ancients as well as we localized the passions, but referred anger to the lower vital organs (subter praecordia) instead of servans: cf. Nursing her wrath to keep it warm" (Burns, Tam o' Shanter). the heart, which was with them the seat of the intellect. 66 37. incepto § 402 (243, 6); B. 214, 2; G. 388; H. 462, 1 (413, N.3); H.-B. 408, 2. mene desistere, what! I desist! § 462 (274); B. 334; G. 534; H. 616, 3 (539, iii); H.-B. 596. The similar construction with ut refers to the future, but here there is a little difference: § 462, a (332, c); G. 558; H. 559, 5 (486, ii, N.); H.-B. 503, b. 38. nec posse, and be unable. — Italia: for construction, cf. Latio, v. 31. 39. quippe, to be sure (expressing indignation by giving an ironical explanation of the facts). — Pallasne . . . potuit: i.e. could Pallas do this, while I, forsooth, the queen of the gods, am baffled in my efforts? This is a reply to the ironical suggestion of vetor. --ne: regularly, as here, appended to the emphatic word, which regularly comes first. classem Argivom: i.e. the fleet of Ajax Oïleus (see Od. iv. 499–511; Bry. 641); § 49, d (40, e); H.-B. 71, 4, c. 40. ipsos, the men themselves (opposed to the ships). - ponto: either instrumental (means) or locative. 41. unius: a whole fleet for one man's crime; opposed to classem. -furias: the great crimes of antiquity were thought to be committed in a frenzy induced by the Furies, the agents of divine wrath (cf. “by instigation of the Devil" in modern indictments). Hence furiae is often used of ungovernable passion. Ajax is said to have offered violence to S IM 423. FIG. 3. ∙CENS Cassandra, daughter of Priam and priestess of Pallas, and that, too, at the altar of the goddess. - Oilēī: trisyllabic. 42. ipsa iaculata, hurling with her own hand. Pallas was the only deity except Jove who might wield the thunderbolt (see Fig. 3, from an ancient coin). 44. pectore: abl. of separation; § 402 (243, 6); B. 214, 2; G. 390, R.; H. 466 (414, N.1); H.-B. 410, 2. 45. turbine: abl. of means; § 409 (248, c, 1); B. 218; G. 401; H. 476 (420); H.-B. scopulo: locative abl. or dat.; see § 430 (260, a); B. 228, d; G. 385, R.2; H. 485, 3 (425, N.3); H.-B. 433, c and a, 376. So in the speech of Belial to the fallen angels, Paradise Lost, ii. 178 ff.: While we, perhaps Designing or exhorting glorious war, Caught in a fiery tempest, shall be hurl'd Each on his rock transfix'd, the sport and prey 46. incedo, move: the word suggests dignity by mentioning the gait at all when there is no need of it. The incessus of the gods was an even gliding movement, not the mere human act of walking. Cf. Gray, Progress of Poesy, v. 39 (of Venus): In gliding state she wins her easy way. 47. soror: see Il. xvi. 432; Bry. 545: When the son of crafty Saturn saw them meet, His heart was touched with pity, and he thus bespoke In Greek mythology the king and queen of heaven are both children 48. gero, have been (and still am) waging: § 466 (276, a); B. 259, 4; G. 230; H. 532, 2 (467, 2); H.-B. 485; cf. note on errabant, v. 32. – quisquam implying a negative; § 311 (105, h); B. 252, 4; G. 317; H. 513 (457); H.-B. 276, 7. — adoret: the reading varies with adorat; the subjunctive seems better; § 444 (268); cf. B. 277; G. 466; H. 557 (486, ii); H.-B. 519, 1. 49. imponet: the future in this usage differs little from the subjunctive. praeterea, any more (save those who adore already). — aris : dative; § 370 (228); B. 187, iii, 1; G. 347; H. 429 (386); H.-B. 376. 50. corde: § 429 (258, ƒ); B. 228, 1, d; G. 385, N.1; H. 485, 3 (425, 2, N.3); H.-B. 433, a. 51. patriam, luctantes, indignantes: these words belong strictly only to persons; their use makes a lively personification of the winds. austris: one of the most violent winds used for them all. For the case, see § 409, a (248, c, 2); B. 218, 8; G. 401; H. 476 (420); H.-B. 425 and a, ftn.1. - feta: translate by teeming, keeping the metaphor. 52. Aeoliam, one of the Lipari Islands, northeast of Sicily. In Od. x. 1–27, are described the visit of Ulysses to Æolia, his friendly reception by Æolus, and his departure with the unfavorable winds tied up in a bag (cf. the witches in Macbeth, i. 3. 10 ff.); for construction, cf. Italiam, v. 2. 54. imperio: § 409 (248, c); B. 218; G. 401; H. 476 (420); H.-B. 423. vinclis: for vinculis; so periclum, and many other words; cf. repostum, v. 26. — carcere: cf. Lycidas, v. 97: "That not a blast was from his dungeon stray'd." |