tcicrus], m., a circle, a ring; a circus, race-course, a course. Poetic, of a body of men gathered for sports, the conclave. Cisseis, -idos, [Gr. patronymic], f., daughter of Cisseus (Hecuba). Cisseus, ei, [Gr. Kioσeús], m., (ivycrowned): 1. A king of Thrace, father of Hecuba; 2. A Latin warrior.

citātus, -a, -um, p.p. of cito. Cithaerōn, -ōnis, [Gr. Kibαiρúv],

a mountain in Boeotia, a favorite haunt of Bacchus.

cithara, -ae, [Gr. кiðápa], f., a lyre, a cithara.

cito [abl. of citus], adv., quickly: citius dicto (quicker than word).

a

cito, -āvī, -ātum, -āre, [†cito-], I. v. intens., arouse, excite. - citātus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., hurried, swift, quick: equi (at full speed, in full career). citus, -a, -um, p.p. of cieo. cīvicus, -a, -um, [†civi- + cus],

adj., of a citizen, pertaining to a citizen (more literal than cīvīlis): quercus (the civic garland, made of oak leaves, and given to any soldier who saved the life of a fellow-citizen in war). cīvīlis, -e, [lengthened stem from †ciyi+lis, cf. Aprilis], adj., (cf. civicus, which is less general), of a citizen, citizens, or the citizens, civil, civic: quercus (the garland of oak leaves bestowed on a soldier who saved a fellow-citizen in war, cf. corona civica, the usual phrase).

cīvis, -is, [√ci (in quies, cf. keîua)+vis (weakened from -vus)], comm., a citizen, a fellow-citizen, fellow-countryman (-woman). clādēs, is, [?], f., disaster, mischief, loss, calamity.- Esp. in war, defeat, disaster, havoc. (N.B. Avoid slaughter.) - Poetic, of persons, Scourge, destroyer.

clam [unc. form (but see palam, acc. f.?), akin to celo], adv. and

prep., secretly, in secret, by surprise (= unawares). clāmo, -āvī, -ātum, āre, [†clāmo- (√cla+mus, cf. nomenclator)], 1. v. a. and n. Neut., cry out, shout, cry, clamor, exclaim.

With acc., call, invoke (with loud cry): Hylan.- With direct or indirect discourse, shout, cry, exclaim: se causam.

clamor, -ōris, [†clām (as if root of clamo)+or], m., a loud cry, shriek, outcry, yell, shout, battlecry, clamor.- Poetic, of animals and things, noise, din, roar, hum, bellowing: saxa dedere. clangor, ōris, [√clang (root of

clango) + or], m., a sound, clang, clangor, blare, noise: tubarum. Clanius, -ī (-fī); Glanis, -is, [?], m.,a river of Campania, frequently overflowing the country around, where was the town of Acerræ (now il Lagno).

claresco, -ui, no sup., -ēscere, [tclaresco, cf. clareo, clarus], 3. v. n., grow loud, grow bright: sonitus armorum (increase).

Clarius, -a, -um, [†Claro- (cf. Gr. Kλápos) + ius], adj., of Claros (a town of Ionia,celebrated for a temple and oracle of Apollo), Clarian.

-Masc.,the Clarian god (Apollo). clārus, -a, -um, [√clā (cf. nomenclator) + rus], adj., loud, clear, distinct. From similarity, distinct, bright, brilliant, clear: lux; Olympo; Aquilo (clear, bringing clear weather). — Fig., clear, distinct, manifest, evident, plain: signum.-Also, renowned, famous, glorious, celebrated: My

cenae.

Clārus, -ī, m., a Trojan. classicum, -ī, [†classi- + cum (n. of cus)], n., (belonging to the army, see classis), a signal for battle given with the trumpet. Less exactly, a trumpet. classis, -is, [√clā (cf. clamo) + tis (cf. Kλños)], f., a summoning,

a levy), the levy, the army, forces, an army, a force. - Esp., of seaforces, a fleet. Claudius, -a, -um, [†claudŏ(stem of claudus reduced) + ius], adj., of Claudus (the Lame). Masc., Claudius, a Roman gentile name. Claudia gens, the gens or clan of that name to which the Marcelli and other great Romans belonged.

claudo, -si, -sum, -dere, [akin to clavis], 3. v. a., shut, close: lumina. Less exactly, stop, stay, block up: claudite iam rivos (shut the gates of irrigating canals).

- Of the things enclosed, shut up, confine, hem in, enclose, house, pen up, surround, encompass, beset, besiege, shut off, cut off: agnos; claudunt convallibus umbrae; maris nos obice pontus. — clausus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., enclosed, confined, close shut, pent up: lacus; carcer.-Neut., an enclo

sure.

claudus, -a, -um, [?], adj., limping, halting, lame, crippled (of a wounded snake).

claustrum, -i, [√claud (as if root of claudo) + trum], n., fastening, lock, bolt, bar. Less exactly, of anything that serves the same purpose, door, gate, barrier: Lucrino addita (dykes, levees); Pelori (of the sides of a strait). clausum, see claudo. Clausus, -1, [prob. akin to Claudius], m., a Sabine, the supposed founder of the house of Claudius. clausus, -a, -um, p.p. of claudo. clāva, -ae, [?], f., a stick, a staff, cudgel, club.

clāvus, -i, [akin to clavis, claudo], m., a nail, a peg. - From similarity, a tiller. Less exactly, a rudder, helm. cliēns, -entis, [p. of cluo, hear, obey], comm., a dependant, a client. Cliō, -ūs, [Gr. Kλeiw], f.: I. The muse of history; 2. A daughter of Oceanus.

clipeatus, -a, -um, see clipeo. clipeo (clup-), no perf., -ātum, -āre, [†clipeŏ], I. v. a., arm with a shield. clipeātus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., armed with shield: agmina.

clipeus, m., (-um, n.), -i,[?], a shield (round, of the Greek pattern). Clitius (Cly-), -i (-ii), [akin to inclutus], m., a Trojan hero, perhaps more than one of the same name, cf. Clytius. Clitumnus, -ī, m., a river of Umbria. clivōsus, -a, -um, [†clivŏ- (re

duced) + osus], adj., hilly.— Fig., steep, difficult.

clivus, -i, [√clī (as root of clino) +vus], m., a slope, a hill, an incline. Cloanthus, -I, [Gr. akin to Cluentius], m., a Trojan leader.

Cloelia, -ae, [f. of Cluilius, prob. for Clovilius, and akin to clueo], f., a Roman maiden who escaped from Porsenna, and swam the Tiber.

Clonius, -ī (-ii), [?], a Trojan,

perhaps several of the same name. Clonus, -i, [?], m., a sculptor or

engraver.

Clōthō (nom. and acc.), [Gr. Kλw

Ow (the spinner or spinster)], one of the three Parcæ, or Fates, see Parcae.

cluēns, -entis, see cliens. Cluentius, -a, -um, [†cluent-(stem of cliens) + ius], a Roman gentile name, used collectively for the clan.

clupeus, see clipeus. Clūsīnus, -a, -um, [†Clusiŏ- (reduced) +īnus], adj., of Clusium. Clūsium, -į (-ii), [?, perhaps akin to claudo], n., an Etrurian town, formerly called Camers. Clymenē, -ēs, [Gr. Kλvμévn], f., a daughter of Oceanus. clypeus, etc.; see clipeus. Clytius, -i (-ií), [prob. akin to

cluo], m., a name of several warriors, cf. Clitius. coāctus, -a, -um, p.p. of cogo.

m., the surname of Q. Horatius, who, in the war with Porsenna, alone defended the bridge across the Tiber.

coctus, -a, -um, p.p. of coquo. Cocytius, -a, -um, [†Cocytŏ- [reduced) + ius], adj., of Cocytus, infernal: virgo (Alecto, one of the Furies).

Cōcytus, -i, [Gr. Kwкuós, river of lamentation], m., a fabled river of the world below.

Codrus, -i, [Gr. Kódpos], m., a shepherd, perhaps representing under a disguised name some contemporary poet, an enemy of Virgil. coelum and kindred words, see caelum, etc.

coenum, see caenum.

coeo, -ivi, -itum, -ire, [con-eo], irr. v. n., come together, unite, assemble, meet, gather. — With implied intent, either hostile or friendly (cf. congredior), join, join in alliance, unite, meet, encounter, join battle: in foedera dextrae (be joined in); gener atque socer (be united).-Fig., curdle, congeal (cf. cogo): sanguis formidine. coepio,-i, -tum, -ere and -isse, (rare except in perf., &c.), [co-apio, cf. apiscor], v. act., (take hold), begin, begin to speak. Pass., only in p.p. and compound tenses, usual with pass. infin. coeptus, -a, -um, p:p. as adj., n., an undertaking, attempt.

coeptus, -a, -um, p.p. of coepio. coerceō, -ui, -itum, -ēre, [conarceo], 2. v. a., shut in together, surround, restrain, confine, hold in check, restrain. Of troops : postrema Tyrrhidae iuvenes (bring up the rear, cf. cogere agmen).

coerulus, etc., see caeruleus. coetus (coi-), -ūs, [con-itus, cf. coeo], m., an assembling. - Concretely, an assemblage, an assembly, a crowd, throng, company (at a feast), flock (of birds).

the father of Latona.

cōgito, -āvī, -ātum, -āre, [conagito], I. v. a., weigh thoroughly in the mind, weigh, reflect upon, think (cf. agito).- Esp. of purpose, have in mind, intend, meditate upon, think upon, design, plan, purpose: quid Auster? cognatus, -a, -um, [con-(g) natus], adj., akin, kindred, related (by blood). Poetic: urbes (whose

citizens are akin). cognitus, -a, -um, p.p. of cog

nosco.

cognomen,-inis, [con-(g) nomen], n., family-name. - Less exactly,

name.

cognōminis, -e, [con-t(g)nomen, infl. as adj.], adj., of like name : terra (bearing one's name). cognosco,-gnōvī,-gnitum,-gnōscere, [con-(g)nosco], 3. v. a., examine, learn, inquire into, trace out, listen to, hear, find (learn to know, with two accs.): haec cognoscite; carmina; casūs. — In perf., &c., have learned, know. Less exactly, recognize, understand: matrem ; quae sit virtus. — cognitus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., well-known.

cōgo, coēgi, coāctum, cōgere, [con-ago], 3. v. a., drive together, collect, gather (of fruits, &c.), assemble (of men, forces, &c.): pecus; agmina (keep in line, of the rear guard, or officers). — Of consistency, condense, congeal: aer in nubem coactus; mella.- Fig., force, compel, oblige (with acc. and infin.): quid (cog. acc.) non mortalia pectora cogis? - coactus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., forced: lacrimae. cohibeo, -ui, -itum, -ēre, [conhabeo], 2. v. a., hold together, contain, confine: spelunca Scyllam.

Fig., restrain, check, repress :

iras. cohors, -ortis, [?], f., an enclosure, -Fig., a company (of soldiery),

troop, squadron.

other things, band, multitude,

snake.

colligo, see conligo. collis, -is, [?], m., a hill. colloco, see conloco. colloquium, see conloquium. colluceo, see conluceo. collūdo, see conludo. collum, -i, [?], n., the neck. Poetic, of a poppy, neck. collustro, see conlustro. colo, colui, cultum, colere, [col], 3.v.a. and n., cultivate, till, tend, take care of. Less exactly, inhabit, dwell in: Pallas arces. Fig., cherish, care for, regard, attend to, love, foster: tclorum amorem; reliquias meorum; vitam (lead); morem (observe).- Esp. of pious regard, worship, revere, honor: templum. -cultus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., cultivated, tilled, well kept. colocasia, -ae, (-ium, -i (-ii), n.), [Gr. Koλokaσía or Kоλокάσιov], f., a plant of the lily kind. colōnus, -i, [unc. stem fr. √col + nus, cf. patronus], m., a farmer, husbandman: veteres (former tillers). From the nature of ancient colonies, a colonist.· Less exactly, an inhabitant (cf. colo). color, -ōris, [unc. root + ōr (os)], m., color, a color, complexion, hue. Esp., fair complexion, beauty.

colōrātus, -a, -um, p.p. of colōro. colōro, -āvi, -ātum, -are,[†colōr-], I. v. a., color, dye.-coloratus, -a, -um, as adj., colored.- Esp. as opposed to light or fair, dusky, swarthy: Indi.

ander.

columba, -ae, [? f. of columbus], f., a dove, pigeon.

columna, -ae, [unc. root + mna, cf. autumnus], f., a pillar, a support, a column.

colurnus, -a, -um, [unc. stem (akin to corulus) + nus, possibly corrupted from corulnus], adj., of hazel (cf. corulus), hazel: hastilia.

colus, -i (ūs), [?], f., a distaff. coma, -ae, [cf. Gr. kóμn], f., the hair (of the head), the mane (of animals). From similarity, leaves, foliage, and even flowers (cf. comans). Also plur. in all senses. comāns, -antis, [p. of †como, -are, from coma], p. as adj., hairy, shaggy, leafy (cf. coma), flowering, crested: dictamnus flore purpureo; cristae (waving). comes, -itis, [verb-stem (cf. commeo) + tis (reduced)], comm., a companion, associate, follower (as subordinate): senioris Acestae; docta comes (guide, of the Sibyl); comes Ascanio (attendant, guardian).

comētēs, -ae, [Gr. кoμhтns, cf.

coma], m., a comet, shooting-star. cōminus, see comminus. comitātus, -a, -um, p.p. of comito and comitor.

comitātus, -ūs, [†comitā + tus], m., (an accompanying), an escort, a company, a retinue. comito, -āvi, -ātum,-āre, [comes, cf. comitor], I. v. a., accompany, follow, attend. — comitātus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., accompanied, attended.

comitor, -ātus, -ārī, [pass. of comito], I. v. dep., accompany, follow, escort, attend. Esp. of funerals, escort, attend. p.p., accompanying: filius classe cater

vas.

commaculo, -āvi, -ātum, -āre,

misceo.

commodus, -a, -um, [con-modus], adj., (agreeing with the measure).

Fig., fitting, fit, suitable, proper, favorable, adapted: Baccho (suited to the vine).

commercium, -i (-ii), [con-†merc (stem of merx)+ium, (n. of ius), cf. commercor], n., traffic. Poetic ista commercia belli (such bargains of war, ransom of prisoners).

comminus (cō-), [con-manus, petrified as adv., cf. eminus], adv., in close combat, hand to hand (opposed to a contest with missile weapons). Less exactly, without actual contest, close by, standing by, at close range: cervos obtruncant ferro. Poetic arva insequitur (hotly engages). commisceo, miscui, mixtum

or -mistum, -miscēre, [conmisceo], 2. v. a., mix together, intermingle: frusta mero cruento. commissum, -ī, [n. p.p. of committo as noun], n., offence, fault, crime.

commissus, -a, -um, p.p. of committo; see also commissum. commistus, -a, -um, p.p. of commisceo.

committo, -misi, -missum, -mit

tere, [con-mitto], 3. v. a., (let go together), combine, join, unite: delphinum caudas utero delphinum.- Esp. of hostility, join (battle), begin (the fight, cf. conserere): manum; proelium; funera pugnae (begin the havoc of battle). With idea of a trust, entrust, commit to, trust, consign: sulcis semina. Transferred, allow to happen, allow one's self to do, allow, commit, practise, perpetrate, commit an offence.

commōtus, -a, -um, p.p. of com

moveo.

commoveo, -mōvi, -mōtum,-movēre, [con-moveo], 2. v. a., move violently, agitate: alas; commotis sacris (when the emblems are revealed). — Less exactly, stir up, rouse: cervum. - Fig., rouse, stir, excite, disturb, agitate, alarm, enrage, move (with any emotion). communis (old form cōmoenis), -e, [con-tmunis, cf. immunis and munia], adj., (serving together), belonging to two or more together, common: periclum (shared alike by both); Erinys (of both sides); bona (the public interests). como, compsi, comptum, cómere, [? con-emo, take], 3. v. a., (?gather together), comb, arrange, braid. Less exactly, deck, adorn, array: vitta ramos. tus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj.: comae (plaited, in order); felici comptus oliva (wreathed). compactus, -a, -um, p.p. of compingo.

comp

compagēs, -is (gen. plur. compagum), [com; pa(n)g-o], f., a joining together, a connection, joint, structure.

2.

1. compello, -puli, -pulsum, -pellere, [con-pello], 3. v. a., drive together or in a body: greges in unum. - With weaker meaning of prep., drive, force: gregem hibisco; noto eodem compulsus. compello, -āvi, -ātum, -āre, [prob. from lost noun-stem akin to pello, cf. adpello], 1. v. a., accost, address: aliquem voce. compesco, -scui, -scitum (?), -scere, [unc. verb with con], restrain, curb, check: ramos fluentes (by pruning).