The History of Poland: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time - James Fletcher - Google Livros

Livros

Imagens das páginas

CONTENTS.

Remote History.-Ancient Records.-Historians.-Three

Periods of Polish History.-Military Despotism.-Dethrone-

ment of Popiel.-Piast's Accession.-Piast Dynasty.-State

of Poland. Accession of Mieczylas.-Introduction of Christ-

ianity.-Boleslas the Great.-Invested with Regal Dig-

nity.-Defeats the Russians.-Is again victorious. - Ob-

tains the Name of The Terrible.'-Casimir I.-Polish Re-

volution.-Insurrection of the Serfs.-Casimir recalled from

Exile.-Boleslas II. takes Kiow.-Infidelity of the Polish

Murder of the Bishop of Cracow.

excommunicated and dethroned.-His Character.--Anec-

dotes. Polish Militia. Campaigns of Boleslas IV..

Reign of Casimir II., called the Just. The Teutonic

Knights.-Casimir the Great.-Formation of the Diet.-

Polish Laws.-Pacta Conventa.-End of the Piast Dy-

-

- -

Page

Hedwiga marries Jagellon, Duke of Lithuania.-Jagellon

Dynasty commences 1386.-Lithuanians.-Their Origin,

Religion, and History.-Union with Poland.-Union of the

Romish and Greek Churches.-Jagellon defeats the Teu-

tonic Knights.-Wladislas succeeds, 1433.-Defeats the

Sultan Amurath.-Is killed in the Battle of Varna.-Casi-

mir IV. Subdues the Teutonic Knights.-Polish Prussia

added to the Kingdom.-Origin of the Polish Diets, 1468.

-State of Learning in Poland under Casimir.-Printing

introduced. John Albert, 1492. Ascendancy of the

—

Nobles.-Alexander.-Sigismund I.-Annihilation of the

Teutonic Knights. - Sigismund-Augustus. — Order of the

Livonian Knights suppressed.-Union with Lithuania con-

solidated. State of Learning under Sigismund.-Coperni-

cus.-Zaluzianski, the Polish Linnæus.-Religious Toler-

ation.-Trade of the Jews.-Termination of the Jagellon

Dynasty, 1572.-Remarks on this Period

Poland becomes an elective Monarchy.-Religious Toler-

ation. Henry of Anjou elected.-Henry absconds.-Ste-

phen Batory. Introduces the Jesuits. - Disciplines the

Cossacks.-Origin, Manners, &c., of the Cossacks.—Sigis-

mund III., Prince of Sweden, elected.-Swedes revolt and

expel Sigismund. — Demetrius the Russian Impostor.

War with Russia.-The Poles take Moscow, and
carry

Czar prisoner to Warsaw.-A Pole, Czar of Russia.-Zol-

kiewski. War with Gustavus Adolphus.-Wladislas VII.

-The Revolt of the Cossacks.-Casimir III.-Charles Gus-

tavus overruns Poland.-Is repelled.-Treaty of Oliva.-

Project of Partition.-Revolts of the Nobles.-Casimir ab-

dicates the Throne.-Liberum Veto..........

Michael Wieçnowieçki elected.-Intrigues against him.-

War with Turkey. Treaty of Buczacz. — Royal Con-

federation. Treaty broken.-Death of Michael.-Battle of

Chocim. Election of Sobieski.-Sobieski's Ancestry.-Life,

&c.-Battle of Leopol.-Coronation.-Sobieski's Danger.-

Treaty of Zurawnow.-Alliance with Austria.-Siege of

Vienna. Sobieski succours Vienna and defeats the Turks.

-Leopold's Ingratitude.—Sobieski defeated by the Turks.

-Consequences of this War.-Intrigues.-War renewed.-

Complaints of the Diet.-Religious Persecution.-Sobieski

takes the Jews into Favour.-Disorders of the Government.

--Sobieski dies

Augustus II., Elector of Saxony, raises himself to the

Throne.-Detains his Saxon Troops in Poland.-Makes

Peace with Turkey.-Attemps to seize Livonia.-Forms

an Alliance with Peter the Great of Russia.-Defeated by

Charles XII. of Sweden.-Dethroned by Charles XII.-

Stanislas raised to the Throne.-Augustus resumes the

Crown and is again deposed.-Charles defeated at Pultowa.

--Augustus reascends the Throne.-Charles XII. prisoner

in Turkey. Returns to Sweden.-Attempt to assassinate

Stanislas.- Death of Charles.-Oppression of the Protest-

ants.-Death of Augustus........

Stanislas re-elected.-The Russians enter Poland and pro-

claim the Elector of Saxony King.-Siege of Dantzig.-

Escape of Stanislas from Dantzig.-Stanislas abdicates.-

Augustus III.-Count Brulh, Prime Minister.-Intrigues

of the Czartoryski family.-Frederick the Great invades

Saxony. The death of the Empress Elizabeth terminates

the War.-Intrigues of Poniatowski and Catharine.—Life,

Education, &c. of Poniatowski.--Catharine murders Peter

and is proclaimed Empress.-Poniatowski's disappointment.

His intrigues. Factions against Augustus.-Death of Au-

Forced election of Stanislas-Poniatowski.-Bold resistance

of Mokranowski.-Confederation.-The Confederates offer

the Crown to Henry, brother of Frederick the Great.-

Coronation of Stanislas.-Anecdote of Stanislas.-Claims

of the Dissidents; supported by Russia; rejected by

the Diet.-Confederacy of the Dissidents.--Confederacy of

the Constitutionalists.-Repnin's Treachery.-Polish Bishops

banished to Siberia.-Dissidents confirmed in their rights.

-Confederacy of Bar.-Attempt to seize Repnin.-Bar

b

taken by the Russians.-Rupture between Russia and

Turkey.-Defeat of the Turks.-State of the Confederates.

-The Confederates transfer their Council to Eperies.-

Visited by Joseph II............................

Grand Plan of the Russian Campaign, in 1770.-Insurrec-

tion of Greece.-Elphinston sails into the Dardanelles.-

Russian Fleet in the Levant.-Defeat of the Turks by

Land.-State of the Confederates.-French Agents, M. de

Taules, Dumourier, and Vioménil.-Valiant Defence of

Czenstochowa.-Vioménil's account of the Confederates.-

Saldern, and Russian cruelties.-The Austrians seize Zips.

-The Prussians enter Poland. Attempt to carry off

Stanislas from Warsaw. -Decline of the Confederacy.-

Treachery of Zaremba.-Treaty between Russia, Austria,

and Prussia.-Dispersion of the Confederates.............

Origin of the Plan of Partition.-Prediction of Stanislas.-

Relations of the three Powers. - Frederick. Maria

Theresa.-Kaunitz.--The Emperor Joseph has an inter-

view with Frederick at Neiss.-Interview at Neustadt.-

Frederick's Encroachments and Tyranny in Polish Prussia.

-The Austrians seize Zips.-Prince Henry's Visit to

Petersburg.-Prince Henry proposes the Partition.-The

three Powers sign the Treaty of Partition.-Division.-

"Defences" of the three Powers." Deductions," &c.-

The Diet of Partition.-Patriots, Reyten, Korsak, &c.-

Poninski, the Marshal.-Reyten's bold resistance.—The

Diet appoint Commissioners.-The Treaty is ratified.—Per-

manent Council.-Inaction of Foreign Powers.

State of Poland.-Stanislas proposes a Reform.-Diet of

1788, or Constitutional Diet.-Alliance with Prussia.-

Constitution of the 3d of May.-Irresolution of Stanislas.—

Treachery of Frederick William.-Opposition of Russia to

the Polish Reform.- Confederacy of Targowica.- Frederick-

William's Letter to Stanislas.-The Russians enter Poland.

-Irresolution of Stanislas.-The Prussians enter Poland./

-Frederick's Manifesto.-Opposition of the Confederates

to Russia overcome.-Frederick's claims.-Tyranny of

Sievers.-Concession of the Diet.-Second Partition

Patriots at Dresden and Leipzig.--Patriotic Conspiracy at

Warsaw. The Patriots of Warsaw correspond with Ko-

sciusko. --The Russian Minister orders the Troops to dis-

band.-Madalinski refuses and marches to Cracow.-Ko-

sciusko enters Cracow.-Confederacy of Cracow.-Kosciusko

declared Generalissimo. Kosciusko's Life. Kosciusko

marches against the Russians.-Insurrection at Warsaw

and expulsion of the Russians.-Lithuania.-Barbarities at

Warsaw. Kosciusko's Camp at Wola.-The King of Prus-

sia invests Warsaw; retreats; Insurrection in Great Po-

land.-Suwarow marches against the Patriots.-Battle of

Macieiowice, and Kosciusko taken Prisoner.-The Rus-

sians take Praga.—Massacre of Praga.-Warsaw surrenders.

-Russian, Prussian, and Austrian prisoners.-Third Par-

tition.-Stanislas' Abdication; Death; and Character...... 321

Polish Patriots at Paris and Venice.-The French Directory

promise Assistance.-Polish Confederacy at Paris.-Oginski

sent to Constantinople.-Buonaparte's Letter to Oginski.—

Polish Confederacy in Walachia broken up.-The Emperor

Paul, on his Accession, liberates the Polish Captives.—Ko-

sciusko. Polish Legions; in Lombardy; at Rome.---Suwa-

row in Italy defeats the Second Legion.- Battle of Novi.—

Legion of the Danube.-Legions perish in St. Domingo.-

War declared between France and Prussia.-The French en-

ter Warsaw.-Treaty of Tilsit.-Grand Duchy of Warsaw.-

Frederick Augustus.-New Constitution.-Diet of 1809.-

War with Austria.--The Austrians enter Warsaw.—Prince

« Anterior Continuar »