NOTE. The propriety of this rule is very obvious. Apposition means another name for the same thing. Thus: This man is Barns the farmer. Now, the farmer is Barns, and Barns is the farmer. Both terms stand for the same person, and should therefore have the same case. 1. The cataract of Niagara,' is confessedly one of the most awfully sublime spectacles in the whole range of nature's cabinet. Genius is too barren,--language, too poor', to picture the scene. If drawn in parts', the effect is divided', and identity obscured'; and, if taken in the whole', proportion fails', and space becomes too limited'. 2. In the presence of this tremendous display of elements, no man has the power of portraying the deep sensations which thrill his soul, and rouse his apprehension with startling emotions for his personal safety', or his own comparative little ness. 3. There is nothing within the compass of his distorted vision', calculated to restore the springs of his defeated faculties', save the tame, campaign region of country in which this fall is placed', and which meets his eye in striking contrast', as he lifts it from the unmeasured abyss beneath his feet'. 4. The narrow, deep, dark gulf through which the frothy tide', spent with the mighty effort of the desperate leap', rolls off in sullen grandeur', is hardly seen ten paces from its verge. The thundering roar, the trembling earth`, and clouds of rising spray', dressed in the showery bow', first call the attention up', and bid the plodding traveller beware that danger lies ahead. 5. The thoughts are strange', Niagara', that crowd into my mind While I look up to thee'. It would appear As though God poured thee from his hollow hand', And spoke', in that loud voice which seemed to him To chronicle the ages back, and notch His centuries- LESSON 23. Promiscuous Exercises in Equation and Interest. (1) A's Bond for $884.84 on int. at 6 per cent. a year, falls due in the following manner, to wit: $221.21 a year, for four years in succession, but he chooses to discharge the whole at one payment:--what is the time and amount? Ans. 2 1-2 years. Amt. 1018.066. (2) A bought 16 chests of tea, weighing 1574 gross, tare 18 lbs. per chest, at $1 1-4 a lb. payable in 4 equal payments, at 9, 12, 15 and 18 months, with int. after 6 months, at 6 per cent. a year; but subsequently agreed to pay the whole at one time: what is that time, and what the amount? Ans. 13 1-2 mo. Amt. $1667.78. (3) C's acct. with D was $412.88, payable $112.88 in S ino. $150 in 12 mo.、and $150 in 15 mo. with int. at 7 pr ct. a year; but he chose to make but one payment of the whole, and before the expiration of the equated time, he failed, and paid but 37.5 cents on the dollar :-what was D's receipts? Ans. $165.7875. (4) E holds F's bond for $500, payable $125 in 5 mo. $150 in 8 mo. and the bal. in 13 mo.;--but they agree that the whole shall be paid in 9 months :—which has the advantage in time, and how much? Ans. E gains 1-2 a mo. FALSE SYNTAX.-LESSON 24. RULE 16. When nouns or pronouns are used in the form of an address, they are put in the nominative case absolute. As, my son, strive to obtain knowledge. NOTE. This rule is seldom violated except by those who effect to use the simple antique style, adopted by the society of Friends. With those the oblique case of the pronoun thou, holds all kinds of relation, and every species of case. As, thee has a friend. Thee's friend is here. Give it thee's friend, &c. Thee, is the objective form of the pronoun thou, both of which are very properly and very happily appropriated to sacred writ and poetic language. To apply the pronoun thee as the subject of a verb, or the possession of an object, would be as ungrammatical as to say, him has afriend, him's friend, give it to her's friend, &c. Scripture phraseology, though in itself simple, pure, and chaste, always beautiful, and often sublime, should be carefully preserved a separate and distinct language. Its promiscuous application to all subjects, has the appearance of sacralege, and certainly detracts from the salutary influence which the style of holy writ should exert upon the minds of man. It seems but decorous that some distinction should obtain between the language employed in addresses to the Deity, and that used in familiar intercourse with our fellow men and the brute creation. SPELLING. LESSON 25. scul-ler-y scur-ril-ous skur'rěl-us sur-cin-gle slug-gish-ness sluggish-nes sur-ger-y sov-er-eign suv'ĕr-in sus-ci-tate south-er-ly sut'h'ur-lē thir-ti-eth stub-born-ness stub'burn-nes tur-bu-lence sub-se-quent sub'sē-kwent tur-mur-ic sup plē-kāte sur jĕr-ē sub-si-dy ul-cer-ate sub-stan-tive sub'stǎn-tiv sub-sti-tute süb'stē-tūte ul-ti-mate sub'tĕr-fuje tur pē-tūde ŭl'tē-māte sub-ter-fuge The Poison Tree of Java. 1. On the beautiful island of Java', in the Indian ocean, stands a tall and stately tree', called the Upaz`. It is said to be so poisonous', that it instantly destroys the life of every thing that goes within the reach of its tainted influence. No shrub or plant grows near it. No venturous bird has ever made its boughs a resting place, and returned again to its mate'. It stands alone the undisputed tenant of the parched and naked heath'. To this death inflicting tree', the Javians send their convicts`; and, of the uncounted myriads that have been doomed to expiate their guilt by the foul embrace', no one has ever returned to tell the way thither', or describe the heaps of bleaching bones that whiten the ground, amid the withered leave's of the poison Upaz`. Where seas of glass', with gay reflection smile', No spicy nutmeg', scents the vernal gales'; No towering palm-tree', shades the mid-day vales: For there', in silence,' on the blighted heath', LESSON 27 Promiscuous Exercises in Equation and Interest. (5) B, whose debts amounted to $4680, compounded with his creditors at 45 cents on the dollar, for which he gave his notes in equal payments at 15, 24, 32, and 48 mo. with int. at 6 per cent. a year. By a successful voyage of 32 mo. to India, he cleared $20,000, and on his return called in his creditors, and paid them their full demand with interest:—what would have been the true equation? What would he have paid at 45 cents on the dollar, at the proper equated time? and what did he pay? Ans. Equated time 29 3-4 mo. $2419.26 3-4. $5428.80. (6) A owed $150, and agreed to pay $10 a mo. until the whole was paid; but afterwards concluded to give a bond with surety to pay the whole at one time at what time did the bond fall due? -Ans. In 8 mo. (7) D gave his note to B for $600 payable in 2, 3 and 4 years, each $200 at 6 per cent. compound int. He chose to discharge the whole at one payment :--what were the time and amount? Ans. Time 3 years, and amt. $702.6096. FALSE SYNTAX.- RULE 17. When the past participle is used without a helping verb, it then refers, like an adjective, to some noun or pronoun. As, James has a boy well taught. NOTE. It is evident that in this example the helping or neutre verb is understood, and might be properly expressed before the participle. Thus: James has a boy who is well taught. Hence it appears that the past participle, whether used with or without a helping verb, always refers to the noun or pronoun as an adjective; otherwise the omission of the verb would appear to create a new relation in language, and its insertion, another division of the verb, to wit: a passive verb. The passive verb, if admitted, is parsed in the following manner:-The boy is taught by the master. Boy, is a noun common, third person, singular number, masculine gender, and the subject of the verb, is taught ;—is taught, is an irregular, passive verb, indicative mood, present time, and agrees with its subject, boy, in the third person, singular number;-master, is a noun, under the government of the preposition, by. But the scholar has been told that the subject of the verb, is the agent that does the act expressed by the verb. Here, however, he |