After La Grave, the line bends to the south, past hills covered with vineyards and country-seats, and three short viaducts on eighteen, four, and seven arches, succeeded by three short tunnels, to

Lormont (14 miles), a place of 3,000 souls, the ancient Mons Laurens, on the Dordogne. Here was a country-seat of the Archbishops of Bordeaux. A fourth tunnel, of 1,312 feet, is followed by a fifth of 919 feet, which brings you out in sight of Bordeaux, and to the Embarcadère at la Bastide, opposite the town, close to the bridge, a building 984 feet long.

BORDEAUX,

383 miles from Paris, 1234 from Bayonne, 160 from Toulouse.

For the lines to Spain and Toulouse (see Routes 63 and 66). For the Médoc (see below).

The stations from Toulouse are on the southwest side of the town. Omnibuses run between, past Place de la Comédie, &c.

HOTELS.-De Nantes, first-class hotel; splendidly situated. Good cuisine.

with the fort of le Paté (or the Pie), on an island in the midst, and Fort Médoc on the opposite side. In the old Gothic tower of this castle the Duchesse de Berri was confined, 1833. A good mairie, hospital, theatre, &c., are in the Lower Town, where the merchants and pilots live. At the Austin abbey here, King Caribert of Aquitaine was buried, 631. Charlemagne's Champion, Roland, who fell in battle against the "Paynim sons of swarthy Spain," at Roncesvalles, in 778, was brought hither to be buried. Here the hero was born. From Bourg, St. Disant du Gua, Chénac, and other points, fine views may be obtained of

"thy mirror'd wave, Garonne,
And Blaye's empurpled shore."

Ships are built at Blaye, and there is a good trade in corn, wine, brandy, oil, fruit, and timber. Hotals. De l'Union; De France. Coashes to Rochelle, &c.; steamers to Ber. deaux, Paulilas, and Royanj

Hotel Marine et des Colonies, Americains, Commerce, Voyageurs, Quatre Soeurs; Des Ambassa

Cafés. De la Comédie, near the Theatre; De la Préfecture Fossés-du-Chapeau Rouge, Helvetius, &c.

Restaurants.-De Richelieu; De la Préfecture, &c. Breakfasts and dejeûners a la fourchette, 75c. to 1 franc at the cafés, or 1 to 2 francs at the hotels; a good dinner for 3 francs at the hotels.

English Consul, T. C. Hunt, Esq., No. 15, Cours Portal; American Consul,

Chaplain, at British Chapel, Quai de Chartrons, Rev. E. S. Froissard.

Bankers.-Barton and Guestie, Cours Pavé, 35, near Quai des Chartrons; Johnston and Sons, Rue Foy, 21.

Library and Reading Room at M. Chaumas-Gayet, opposite the Préfecture.

Post Office, 5, Rue-Porte-Dijeaux.

Steamboats to Mortagne, Blaye, and Pauillac, daily; to Royan, twice a week. To Lisbon, Sene

gal, Rio Janeiro, &c., monthly, by the Messageries Maritimes. To Bristol, and Bombay (via Suez Canal), see BRADSHAW's Continental Guide.

OBJECTS OF NOTICE. - The ChartronsBridge-Bourse-Theatre-Hôtel de Ville-Palais de Justice-Museum-Churches of St. Michael, St. Croix, &c.-Tour de l' Horloge-CathedralEffigies of Montaigne-Palais Gallien-Place des Quinconces-Wine Cellars.

Population, 194,250. Bordeaux is the third commercial port in France, the centre of the vin de Bordeaux, or Ciaret trade, chief town of the department Gironde (formerly of the province of Guienne or Aquitaine), head of a military division, seat of an archbishop, &c. It stands on the west bank of the Garonne, à bord-des-eaux, 70 miles from the sea, where the river is 500 to 800 yards broad (the Thames at London Bridge is 350 yards); and it is from the water that you see to advantage its noble range of quays and buildings, stretching like a crescent, three miles long, from the shipyards at the south end to the fine streets and houses at the north extremity, towards the Chartrons and Chapeau Rouge quarters, where the merchants live. A fine, nearly level, stone Bridge, of seventeen arches, 531 yards long, 50 feet broad, was built 1811-21, by Deschamps, from the Porte de Bourgogne to the village of La Bastide opposite. This will soon be accompanied by a railway bridge uniting the termini of the lines which centre here. The river below forms the Port, where as many as 1,000 sail may lie; but the larger vessels anchor at Pauillac, which is the real port. High water at full and change, 3 o'clock.

The Houses are large and well-built; the higher classes are wealthy and luxurious in their habits, and particularly well-disposed towards the English, to whom Bordeaux and the province belonged for three centuries, down to 1451. Its climate, however, is damp. The principal buildings are as follows:

The Bourse (exchange) in Place Royale, near the bridge, is 98 feet by 65, and 78 feet high to the middle of the glazed dome. The Chamber of Commerce occupies a place here, with a library of 6,000 volumes, which includes a good collection of voyages. The Douane, or custom-house, is near the Bourse; both buildings are by Gabriel. In the Rue Chapeau Rouge (a fine street like Portland

Street), is the principal Theatre, a large and no ie structure, built by Louis XIV., and opened 1780; it has a Corinthian portico of twelve columns, with a great vestibule and staircase, and will hold 4,000 persons. It is usually reckoned the best out of Paris. Here the Government Delegation had its head-quarters when driven from Tours by the Germans, 1871. The Théâtre de Gymnase is new. Another, called les Variétés in Rue Fossés de l'Intendance, was burnt down in 1855.

The Préfecture, in Rue de la Comédie, is the work of Louis, 1775, and has been restored. Hôtel de Ville (or town hall), near the Cathedral, was the palace of the archbishops, and was built, 1780-1, by Prince de Rohan, then primate of Aquitaine; it is a large square pile, with a court in the midst, and a picture gallery. Here they show Napoleon's own Cross of the Legion of Honour, a History of his Battles, with his MS. notes, and other curiosities, presented by General Bertrand; also a collection of antique arms. The pictures number 466, including Lesueur's Urania, Rubens' Martyrdom of St. Just, &c., but they are ill arranged. Catalogue, 1 fr. An older Gothic town hall is in the street leading to the bridge. The Palais de Justice (law courts), near the Hôtel de Ville, is a large and rather elegant building, 480 feet long, built 1839-46, and has Maggesi's statues of Malesherbes, d'Aguesseau, l'Hôpital, and Montesque (who lived at Château de Brède, 10 miles off); behind it are the prisons; and opposite the Hôtel Dieu, or public hospital of St. André, with 650 beds. It was rebuilt 1825-9, but founded as far back as 1390. In Rue St. Dominique, is the Museum, comprising the public library of 120,000 volumes, and 300 MSS., among which is Montaigne's annotated Copy of his Essais; also the museums of antiquity and natural history, and the Observatory, open daily to strangers. The Hospice des Enfans Trouvés, where 700 foundlings are provided for, is on the Quai de la Paludatte.

St. André's Cathedral, built by the English in the 13th century, the foundation having been laid by Henry II. and his Queen, is a large but irregular structure, with buttresses, &c.; it is 418 feet long, and has two spires, 150 feet high, in the north transept, a good rose window, a fine altar, and an arched roof, 66 feet broad, of the 16th century. It

contains pictures by Veronese and Jordaens. Its detached clock tower, called Pey Berland, 156 feet high, was built, 1440, by Archbishop Pierre Berland, and is a fine piece of Gothic work, with buttresses at the corners, and a circular turret at the top.

St. Michael's Gothic church, near the Quai de la Grave, was also built by the English, but has a north front of later date. Length, 243 feet. It was restored 1855. Its clock-tower, 180 feet high, is also detached and buttressed at the angles. The vault below the church is laid out with bones brought from a neigbouring cemetery.

St. Croix, near Quai St. Croix, though quite irregular within and without, is a most curious and interesting church, and the oldest here. It is Romanesque, of the 10th and 11th centuries, and was founded by William the Good, Duke of Aquitaine. The curious carvings on the front, the wall paintings, and old carved font, all deserve notice.

St. Seurin (or Severin) in Place de Prado, though modern in the front, is worth visiting for its ancient crypt of St. Fort, of the 11th century, to which mothers take their children every 16th of May, and to which, or rather to an earlier building on its site, the body of Roland was brought after his death at Roncesvaux. Nôtre Dame, a modern church, was rebuilt 1701; and the Feuillant's church, attached to the Lyceum, has the mailed effigy of Montaigne, who was a judge of the Bordeaux parliament, was twice mayor, and died, 1592, in Rue des Minimes. There are, besides these, seven other Catholic churches, four Protestant churches, and a handsome synagogue, the last in Rue Causserouge. Some remains of the Chartreuse abbey church are left in the public Cemetery outside the town, where Moreau is buried. It gives name to the Quai des Chartrons, &c.

The amphitheatre, or Palais Gallien, now hardly to be seen for the houses on it, is a Roman remain, near the Jardin des Plantes (botanic garden). It was 241 feet by 177, and €4 high. Tour de l' Horloge, or clock tower, which was attached to the old Hôtel de Ville, is an old gate built by Henry III. of England, and has three peaked turrets, with a lion on the middle one. It stands 135 feet high. Round the bell is inscribed its round of duties, viz.: Convoco arma, Signo dies, Noto horas, compello nubila, concino læta, Plororogos." Another

gate, Porte du Palais, or du Cailhau, near the Custom House and Quai de Bourgogne, was built, 1495, by Charles VIII. It is 112 feet high, and known by its five or six peaked turrets. It serves as a prison. In Place d'Aquitaine is the ancient évêché or bishop's house, near a gate or porte, which served for a triumphal arch when the Bourbons returned, in 1814.

The Entrepôt Réel, for colonial produce, is a large pile on the Quai des Chartrons; on Quay de Bacalan, are the Victualling Office, and Viellard's (formerly Johnson's) large porcelain factory, which communicates by canals with the river. Hôtel des Monnaies (mint) is in Rue de Palais Gallien; the Bank, in Rue Esprit des Lois. Joubert's spinning factory is on a large scale. Crusse's caves, or cellars, containing 30,000 barrels of wine, are worth visiting; so are Guestier's, in Pavé des Chartrons. Excellent public baths, near the Bourse, and in Place Lainé; also two swimming schools, mineral baths, &c.

The best Promenades are in the Cours d'Albret de Tourny (so called after M. de Tourny, formerly Intendant, and a great benefactor to the town, whose statue is near), and du Jardin publique (which, however, is no garden, but an open space)— but especially in the large Place Quinconces, on the site of the Château Trompette. It is about a quarter of a mile long. At one end are baths, at the other, two columns, 65 feet high, with gas reflectors. All these walks are laid out with avenues of trees. Fairs are held the first ten days in July, at the hippodrome at Gradignan (10 kil away).

There are at Bordeaux, a college or university (as old as 1441), schools of architecture and medicine, deaf and dumb institution, and many benevolent societies; an abattoir, large barracks, &

Among the persons born here, are Ausonius, thi Latin poet of the 4th century; Richard II. England; Clement V.; Marcellus Empiricus, th first of quacks; Ducos and other "Girondists who figured in the Revolution. Another nati was Girard, the rich merchant of New York, w sailed hence, 1762, as a cabin boy, and died wor two and a half millions sterling.

Bordeaux was called Burdigala by Strabo, was the chief town of the Bituriges. AusonTM praises it for its soft climate, its long spring, “

short winter. He describes it as four-sided; with high towers, and broad well-planned streets, and watered by the stream called Devitia (now La Devise); "and when father ocean flows up, the whole surface is covered with fleets," i.e., fleets of boats and merchantmen.

The Roman city stood between Place Royale on the Quay, and the Cathedral. It had fourteen gates, of which the last (Porte Basse) was pulled down, 1805. The Visigoths burnt it, 412, and the Saracens again about 732. Bordeaux was for a time the capital of Gascony; and through Eleanor, wife of Henry II. (of England), it came to the English crown, as head of the duchy of Guienne. Henry III., who built the old Hôtel de Ville, made Simon de Montfort governor; Edward I., when prince, lived here; and from hence the Black Prince marched to the battle of Poitiers, and brought back John of France prisoner. Charles VII. took it from the English in 1451, and built Château Trompette to defend it. This was fortified by Vauban, and called Fort Louis; to build which stones were taken from a Roman Temple, "Augusto sacrum, &c.," called Pilliers de Tutelle. Its altar is in the museum of antiquities. To this fortress was added Castle Ha, or Cailhau, abovementioned, forming part of L'Ombrière, the old palace of the dukes of Aquitaine, which disappeared in 1800, when this space was cleared. Here the banquet of 9th October, 1852, was given to the Prince President, Louis Napoléon, when he uttered his memorable words, "L'Empire, c'est la Pax," which served to rally so many hesitating adherents round the imperial throne. In the present day it became the temporary seat of the National Assembly, February, 1871, who here elected M. Thiers, Chief of the Executive Power, declared anew the forfeiture of the throne by Napoléon III., and voted the treaty of peace with Germany.

Trade. The produce brought up by the Canal du Midi and Cette rail, and shipped to the French colonies, &c., consists of hides, flour, seeds, brandy, almonds, prunes, chestnuts, cork, resin, verdigris, honey, hams, &c. The manufactures are perfumery, liqueurs, ornamental fruit-boxes, stockings, carpets, cotton, earthenware, bottles, casks, hats, aper, vinegar, tobacco, refined sugar, rope, &c., nd gloves from Andre's factory. Imports of all M

kinds from abroad. About 100,000 tons of shipping are employed, which possess one-fourth of the French colonial trade. The famous claret wine is produced below the city, on the west side of the river, in the district of the Médoc: about 50,000 tuns of the premier crus, or "first growths" (called Château Margaux, Lafitte, Latour, and Haut Brion), are made yearly, and the best of it is sent to England.

[From Bordeaux, by the Chemin de fer du Médoc, down the west side of the Garonne, in the wine country of the Médoc (so called from its Roman name In medio aquæ, signifying a peninsular tract), you pass

Blanquefort (5 miles), which belonged to the Black Prince. Then Ludon (43 miles); Macau (1 miles); Margaux (4 miles), near Château Margaux (noted for its first growth claret), opposite Blaye; followed by Beycheville, and Château Léoville (second growths), and Château Latour (first growth). The next station is Moulis (4 miles); beyond which is Château Lafitte (another first growth); then Fauillac (9 miles), a port on the river, 294 miles from Bordeaux, where large ships stop.

The best Clarets are produced on a most unpicturesque gravel strip about two miles broad and 50 to 80 feet above the river. The vines are trained about two feet high in open fields; vintage takes place in September. The grapeplague appeared here, 1852.

LESPARRE (68 kil. from Bordeaux), a small souspréfecture in department Gironde (population 1,232), among vineyards and meadows. Passing through good pasture land, you come to SOULAC (25 kil.), at the mouth of the Garonne, in the Bay of Biscay, opposite the bathing-place of Royan, and near the Tour de Cordouan, a round, solid, light-house of three stories, 234 feet high, built 1611, by Louis de Foix, having large refractors on Fresnel's system.]

ROUTE 36.

Tours to Angers, Nantes, and St. Nazaire.

DOWN THE LOIRE.

By rail.-Distance to Nantes, 196 kil., or 122 miles. Three trains a-day, in 3 to 6 hours.

Tours, as in Route 35. The line runs close to the high levée road, which hems in the river. Passing Plessis-les-Tours, opposite St. Vallières, and St. Cyr (where Beranger lived), you come to Savonnières (8 miles), on the south bank, near the Cher, and the Villandry dropping caves, and opposite to Luynez, which was called Maillé as far back as 475, and was made, in 1610, the head of a duchy, by Louis XIII., for his favourite Charles Albert de Luynes, who was was originally his falconer. It stands in a pretty spot under the rocks (and was hence sometimes styled Rochoirsur-Loir), which are hollowed out for people to live in; above, is the old Château, with a heap of peaked turrets. Paul Courier, assassinated here, 1824, was a native. Near it are about fifty pillars of an ancient Roman aqueduct. The rail crosses the Loire by a 19-arch viaduct, to

Cinq-Mars (44 miles), which stands on the cliffs, near an old Castle, and a famous antiquaries' puzzle, called the Pile de Cinq-Mars, a slender solid tower of large bricks, 13 feet square, 92 high, to the corner turrets, which rise 10 feet above. A fifth turret over the middle was blown down, 1751. It has neither door nor window, and the builder is unknown; but it is supposed to be a mausoleum. Cinq-Mars, one of the favourites of Louis XIII., and son of Marshal d'Effiat, having conspired against Richelieu, was taken in his own castle, and beheaded. He is the hero of de Vigny's novel.

Coaches to Château-la-Vallière, Cléré, Savigné, Rille, Chaunay, Mazières.

Langeais (3 miles), on the north bank, has an old Gothic Château of the 10th century (now a prison), built by Foulques Nera, Count of Anjou, and enlarged by St. Louis's barber, Pierre de Labrosse. In the hall, the marriage of Charles VII. with Anne of Brittany was celebrated, 1491. Population, 3,310.

[Coach to AZAY-LE-RIDEAU (8 miles south-east), which has, on an island in the Indre, a beautiful turreted Château, in the Renaissance style, with a richly carved portico and staircase. The devices of Diane de Poitiers and Francis I. (the salamander), are seen, and the motto " Ung seu desir" in one part. It contains a gallery of portraits. Population 2,200.] St. Patrice (5 miles), near the Bois de Bis

mond, and Rochecotte, the handsome modern seat of Talleyrand's niece and heiress, the Duchesse de Dino. It contains his collection of pictures and objects of art. A little further is Trois-Violets, opposite the Château d'Ussé, seat of the Duc de Duras, formerly of Vauban, who partly built it. La Chouze-sur-Loire (44 miles), or La Chapelle-sur-Loire. A little north-east is Bourgeuil, in a charming red wine country on the Doigt, and having remains of a Benedictine abbey of the 10th century, founded by Edme, Duchess of Guienne. Population 3,190.

Port-Boulet (24 miles), at the suspension bridge to Candes, which stands at the Vienne's mouth, near the picturesque ruins of Montsoreau Castle. | Candes has the church in which St. Martin de Tours died. Coaches to Chinon, Loudun, Fonterrault. Windmills abound here.

[CHINON (13 kil. east-south-east), up the Vienne, in department Indre-et-Loire, is a sonspréfecture (7,000 population), in a pretty spot, overlooked by the large ruins of the Castle, built 953, by Thibault-le-Tricheur, in which Henry II. of England died, 1189, and which Charles VII. held (the only fortified place remaining to him) when Joan of Arc came to declare her mission. He built the Tour d'Argenton. Richelieu had possession of it, Rabelais was born at a farm-house, near at hand, 1483.

1631.

Trade in prunes, soap, cattle, wine, spirits, &c. The steamer from Châtellerault passes by. Hotels.-De France; De St. Martin; De la Boule d'Or (Golden Ball); all on the Place. FONTEVRAULT (5 kil. south of Candes), in department Maine-et-Loire, a village at the bottom of a wooded valley, once noted for its famous Abbey, founded for men and women of rank, by Robert d'Arbrissel, 1099, and now turned into a prison for 11 departments. It was the burial-place of the kings of England, when Counts of Anjou; and in the fine cathedral church of the 12th century (one of five attached to the abbey) are monuments of Henry II. and his wife, Eleanor, his son, Richard Cœurde-Lion, and John's wife, Isabella. Copies of these interesting relics, including one of Richard's wife, Berengaria, are placed in the Gothic Court of the Crystal Palace. The Tour