o, ao, au, ew, eau, ewe, oa, oe, oo, ou, ow, owe, as in

old, Pharaoh, hauteur, shew, beau, sewed, oak, foe, brooch, soul, crow, crowed.

o, u, eu, ew, ewe, oe, œu, oo, ooe, ou, ue, ui, wo, as in

ule, rheumatism, grew, brewed, shō, manœuvre,

{bloom, wooed { through, rūe, früit twō.

7-1 is represented by i, y, ai, ay, ei, ey, eye, ie, ui, uy, ye; as in isle, by, naivete, ay, height, eying, eye, lie, guide, buy, dye. o, ou, ow; as in accomptant, thou, bow.

7-13

10-1 oe, oi, oy, eoi; as in oboe, coin, boy, burgeois.

SILENT ARTICULATION MARKS.

Or various ways of representing nothing.

B is silent in bdellium, dumb, debt.

science, Czar, muscle, black, acquiesce, indict, schedule.
Wednesday, handkerchief.

halfpenny.

bagnio, seraglio, phlegm.

heir, thyme, rheum, khan, John, ghastly, diphthong, character. know, wreck.

alms, salmon, would, half.

mnemonics.

hymn, kiln.

cupboard, ptarmigan, pneumatics, psalm, bumpkin, assumption, pshaw.

demesne, isle, viscount, chamois.

fasten, soften, trait, mortgage, hautboy, Matthew.

whole, who, sword, two, write, knowledge; and when final. when final after a vowel.

rendezvous.

DOUBLE LETTERS are generally sounded as one; as in cannon, better, missile, pepper, hammer, beckon, acquire, &c. One, therefore, is silent. Ch is silent in drachm, yacht, bacchanal, schism.

The figures refer to the Scheme of English Articulations (page 54.)

Articulation

1 is represented by c, k, q, cc, ch, ck, gh, ke, kh, cqu, que, cch, qu, cq, lk; as in can, kill, quit, account, character, neck, hough, lake, khan, lacquer, pique, Bacchic, quay, acquire, walk.

g, gg, gh, gue, ckg; as in leg, egg, ghost, plague, blackguard.

n, nd, ng, ngue; as in ink, handkerchief, song, tongue.

h; as in hue.

To these ve nav und ze ommon empinacons - innanetically more sented w mit saveza, he atter annanetically epresented. jv

radical letters might be made to represent all the English articulations. Thus we have 12 forms of articulative action, most of which do, and all of which may, modify both voice and breath; so producing 24 elements of speech. Let some uniform change to represent breath and voice be made on each of the 12 characters, and these 24 varieties of articulate sound may be not only fully represented, but with a natural analogy and consistency, which would explain to the eye their organic relations.

A further uniform change made on those letters which have a nasal correspondent would complete the scheme, and, with perfect analogy between marks and sounds, exhibit, by 12 radical letters, every articulation in our language.

Some equally simple and analogical notation might be arranged for the vowels, on the principle of their sequence, so that a really Scientific Alphabet could be easily constructed.

A system of Phonotypes, or letters representing sounds, has recently been constructed by the Author of the Phonographic method of short-hand writing. In this generally excellent typography, several works have been published; and from the great similarity of the characters to those in ordinary use, the "phonotypic" page is quite readable after a mere glance at the alphabet, by those who can read the common printing. But this system of letters, though a great improvement on our ordinary alphabet, does not carry improvement beyond supplying deficient letters, and discarding redundant ones. If ever a change in our orthography should be generally and authoritatively made, we should like to see it based on an alphabet as perfect a picture of our sounds as science and ingenuity could produce. We have shown a principle by means of which the formation of such an alphabet would be an easy matter.

Mr Pitman's phonographic scheme of marks is much more scientific than the alphabet of phonotypes; but even the former is, for the purposes of accurate notation,—far short of what a more intimate knowledge of the vocal mechanisms should have made it. In a system of writing by sound, there must be a very accurate appreciation of sound, and a faultless principiation of language. In both these respects, this phonographic system is somewhat defective.

We propose to present the reader with the elements of a new system of phonography, based on the analysis of speech detailed in the preceding pages. Our object, in the construction of this