"In respect of bodies, therefore, beauty comes and goes?"

"So we see."

"Nor is the body itself any cause either of its coming or staying?" "None."

"So that there is no principle of beauty in body ?"

"None at all."

"For body can no way be the cause of beauty to itself?"

"No way."

"Nor govern nor regulate itself?"

Nor yet this."

66 Nor mean nor intend itself?"

"Nor this neither."

"Must not that, therefore, which means and intends for it-regulates and orders it-be the principle of beauty to it?"

"Of necessity."

"And what must that be ?"

"Mind, I suppose; for what can it be else ?"

"Here, then," said he, "is all I would have explained to you before: that the beautiful, the fair, the comely, were never in the matter, but in the art and design; never in body itself, but in the form or forming power.' Does not the beautiful form confess this, and speak the beauty of the design, whenever it strikes you? What is it but the design which strikes? What is it you admire but mind, or the effect of mind? 'Tis mind alone which forms. All which is void of mind is horrid; and matter formless is deformity itself."

SHAFTESBURY'S Characteristicks.

EXAMINATION FOR DEGREE OF M. B.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.

PROFESSOR M'DOWEL.

1. Describe the circulation in liver in the foetus, and explain the change that takes place in this function at the time of birth.

2. Describe the subarachnoid space and its contents, and mention their uses.

3. Give the relations of the vena azygos, and enumerate its tributaries.

4. Trace out to their termination the branches of the inferior maxillary nerve which convey sensitive impressions.

5. Describe the arrangement of the blood vessels in the kidney.

1. Enumerate the principal astringents derived respectively from the mineral and vegetable kingdoms; contrast their therapeutic values; and

describe the methods in which they may be employed (a) internally, (b) externally.

2. Describe and explain the test depended upon in the British Pharmacopoeia for ascertaining the freedom of "Acidum Aceticum Glaciale" from sulphurous acid.

3. Select any officinal solanaceous plant you please, and write its pharmaceutical history.

4. Give a full description of the "radix Ipecacuanha"-of its sophistications; of its therapeutic value; of its pharmacopoeial preparations; and of their doses for an adult in the respective diseases in which you would employ them.

5. Explain the pharmacopoeial process for the preparation of the bromide of potassium; describe its therapeutical effects, dose, and mode of administration.

CHEMISTRY.

DR. APJOHN.

1. Describe and explain the reaction in virtue of which the carbonate of potassium is converted into bicarbonate, and that by which the latter is changed into the potassa tartras acida. State also how tartaric acid may be extracted from the latter salt.

2. Write the formulæ of culinary salt, nitre, and phosphate of calcium; and explain how each is acted upon by sulphuric acid. Give also the readiest method of ascertaining whether sulphuric acid includes arsenic or not.

3. What is the composition of the phosphoric acid of the British Pharmacopoeia; how is it made; and what are the tests by which we determine whether or not it includes nitric and metaphosphoric acids? Explain also how, by means of carbonate of sodium, phosphoric acid might be converted into phosphate of soda; and the change experienced by this latter salt when it is exposed to a red heat.

4. What are the processes by which liquor potassæ and liquor ammoniæ are prepared ?-and should a fluid ounce of the former require for saturation 44 measures, and an equal quantity of the latter 220 measures of the volumetric solution of oxalic acid, what are the amounts of hydrate of potassium and of hydrate of ammonium contained in each respectively?

5. Write the formulæ of chloroform and of urea. State also how you would detect alcohol and hydrocarbons in the former; and give Bunsen's method of estimating, by means of chloride of barium, the amount of the latter in urine.

BOTANY.

DR. E. PERCEVAL WRIGHT.

1. What is the difference between a simple and a compound leaf? Give examples of both.

2. Describe the different portions seen on making a section of a ripe Apple and Peach.

3. Describe the following fruits: Legume, Bacca, Strobilus, Pepo, Siliqua.

4. Describe the Plant on the table, following the printed formulary. 5. Refer the following Plants to their natural families: Aconitum, Lychnis, Narthex, Platystemon, Potentilla.

EXAMINATION FOR DEGREE OF MASTER IN SURGERY.

DR. ADAMS.

1. Describe the appearances made by a gun-shot wound of the heart, contrasting the wound of entrance with that of exit of the same ball, referring to any minute circumstances which may enable a medical jurist rightly to infer the direction from which the ball had come; and illustrate the difference between the two orifices by reference to cases already published of wounds of the heart as well as of the cranium.

2. Give the symptoms, prognosis, and diagnosis of a case of articular caries of the shoulder,- -a disease analogous to articular caries of the hip.

3. Give an account of a disease frequently fatal to children, called Pemphigus Gangrenosus, described in the Dublin Medical and Physical Essays for 1808, by Dr. Whitley Stokes.

4. Describe the disease called Senile Gangrene by Perceval Pott, and Symptomatic Gangrene by Baron Dupuytren; the treatment recommended by each surgeon, respectively; and the reasoning of the Baron showing the imprudence of amputation in such a case.

5. Suppose the case of a pulsating malignant tumour, or of Fungus Hæmatodes affecting the bones of the leg, and where amputation had been performed as an anceps remedium, what prognosis would you give as to the general results likely to follow?

DR. BUTCHER.

1. What are the characters of hernia cerebri, its pathology, and the different modes of treatment recommended?

2. Mention the symptoms attendant on the presence of cartilaginous bodies in the knee-joint; the several ways in which they may be produced, according to different writers; and the modes of treatment, according to certain conditions.

3. Describe the different forms of syphilitic ulcers met with in the throat; localize each.

f

4. Mention the exact anatomical position of the head of the bone in the several dislocations of the humerus, and the lesion in each instance. 5. Describe a case of erysipelas of the head in its advanced stage, and the several ways in which a fatal result may happen.

1. Trace the course, and mention the relations, of the middle meningeal artery. Under what circumstances may this vessel be the object of operative proceedings ?

2. Describe the cotyloid cavity, and the structures of the hip-joint connected with it in the recent state. Describe the same cavity in the macerated bone.

3. Describe the operative proceedings for tying the femoral artery in Scarpa's space. What arterial anomalies may interfere with the success of the operation ?

4. Describe the "fascia iliaca," and mention the relations of the principal nerves, blood-vessels, and muscles to this structure.

5. What information have we derived from physiology, and what from morbid anatomy, as to the portion of the nervous system which is chiefly implicated in tetanus?

DR. R. W. SMITH.

1. When a foreign body is lodged in the air-passages, by what signs and symptoms would you be guided in forming a diagnosis as to whether it was impacted in the larynx, moveable in the trachea, or fixed in the right bronchus? In which of these three cases is an error of diagnosis most probable ?

2. What are the signs of luxation of the tibia and fibula backwards at the ankle? How would you tell whether the displacement was complete or partial? What is the position of the limb most favourable to the production of this dislocation?

3. Causes of retro-pharyngeal abscess? Is it an acute or chronic disease in general? When it assumes the latter form, what is usually its cause? At what period of life is it most frequent? What dangers attend it?

4. Enumerate the chief causes of gangrene. Describe that form of the disease produced by the use of ergot of rye.

5. The outer extremity of the clavicle may be broken immediately external to the coraco-clavicular ligaments, between them, or immediately internal to the conoid ligament. Describe the nature of the displacement in each case.

DR. BARTON.

1. Describe the symptoms of the disease known as delirium tremens. What are the different views held of its pathology? What methods of treatment have been found most successful?

2. For what conditions of the eye is the operation of iradectomy proposed? Describe the operation, and state the results obtained by it.

3. Describe the condition of the conjunctiva known as granular lids. Give the causes, pathology, and progress of this disease; and state the various plans of treatment adopted for its cure.

4. What are the various causes, and what the signs, of amaurosis? Describe the examination of the eye which you would make? What principle of treatment would you adopt?

5. Give the signs of a carotid aneurism, and state the different methods of operation which have been successfully employed for its cure.

EXAMINATION FOR DEGREE OF LL.B.

THE REGIUS PROFESSOR OF LAWS.

1. Point out the distinctions laid down by Mr. Austen between Laws Divine, Natural, and Positive.

2. A Law set or imposed by general opinion is a Law improperly so called?

3. Give a brief account of the Principle of Utility, and the relation in which it stands to Law.

4. Give a brief account of the early history of Contract, as stated by Mr. Maine.

5. How does Mr. Maine account for the strong feelings which prevailed amongst the Romans on the subject of Intestacy?

6. Compare the characteristics of the English and Roman systems of Equity.

7. Give Mackenzie's account of the Roman Law of Status as to Citizens and Foreigners and Slaves. What was the sole legal privilege which the Roman Nobility possessed?

8. Give an account of the different kinds of Servitudes as recognised by the Roman Law.

9. Give an account of the Roman Law of Obligations.

10. State the Pacific Modes of Redress adopted into International Law; and exemplify the operation of each.

II. What is the duty of Neutrals in the event of a war between two portions of a State?