been enounced, the fifth elementary sound, the sixth, seventh, eighth ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth, and the first, second, third and fourth compound vowel sounds, are to be practised in the same way.

119. Should the pupil, from having only one representative vowe) letter before his eye in the text, be backward in applying the various vowel sounds to the consonant combinations E given in the following Exercise, let him write out on a slate the same series of consonant combinations, changing the vowel letter as may be required, and numbering its sound according to the Table on page 18. Thus, when the eleventh elementary sound is to be practised, let him substitute oo for a in the following combinations, wa, ya, ha, ah, ang, ma, am, &c., writing instead of them, woo, yoo, hoo, ooh, oong, moo, oom, &c.; and place the number 11 over the Exercise, to show which elementary vowel sound is under consideration.

120. The first elementary sound (that of a in father) should first be given to the vowel throughout the following Exercise. Where the r is Italicized, it is to be trilled, according to the rule in 77 ; where it is not Italicized, it is to have its smooth sound. Where th is Italicized, it is to have its vocal sound (the 20th elementary sound) as in thine. Where th is not Italicized, it is to have its aspirate sound, as in thin. Where z is Italicized, it is to have the sound it has in azure. Where z is not Italicized, it is to have the sound it has in zeal. G has the sound it has in give; ch, its sound in

chest.

EXERCISE V. Wa, ya; ha, ah; ang; ma, am, mam; na, an, nan; la, al, lal; ar, ra; pa, ap, pap; ba, ab, bab: fa, af, faf; va, av, vav: tha, ath, thath; tha, ath, thath: ta, at, tat; da, ad, dad: ka, ak, kak; ga, ag, gag: sa, as, sas; za, az, zaz: sha, ash, shash; za, az, zaz: cha, ach, chach; ja, aj, jaj.

121. The preceding combinations may be practised with much advantage; and they may be so varied as to afford a great variety of exercise in articulation, by compounding them as if to form words, and then changing the arrangement of the syllables and the accents: thus, in the combination ip'-it-ik-if, the arrangement may be varied to it-if-ik-ip, &c. The black-board and the slate will be found serviceable in multiplying these exercises. Give to the following the first sound of the several vowels first; then the second, &c.

EXERCISE VI. Ap-at-ak; if-ith-iss-ish; eb-ed-eg; iv-ith-iziz; il-im-in-ing; ep-et-ek; op-ot-ok; ta-ka, fa-tha, da-ga, bada-ga, pap-tat-kak; pa-fa; tha-sa; pa-fa-pa; pa-fa-fa-pa; ba

va-ma-pa-wa; lil-nin; lil-nin-lil; nin-lil-nin; nillin-rinnel; rillinlinnel; pip-tit-kik-shish; sis-thith-fif; bib-did-gig-zig; thithviv-lil-nim; thith-ith-thith; ra-ar-rar; sha-tha-sa; sha-sa-tha; tha-sa-sha; tha-sha-sa, &c.

122. In the following Exercise on combinations of consonant sounds let the word containing the combination first be distinctly enounced, and then the combination by itself, until practice shall make the enunciation easy. Thus, at the beginning, let the word doom'd be enounced, and then that portion of it only which is represented by the letters md. The initial portions of the consonant combinations are here given in the order which the consonant sounds occupy in the Table on page 18. Where an apostrophe is placed in the examples, a letter that ought to be unsounded is omitted.

EXERCISE VII.

COMBINATIONS OF CONSONANT SOUNDS.

Md, mdst, mz, mp: doom'd, doom'dst, tombs, imp.
mps, mt, mts, mf: imps, attempt, prompts, nymph.
mst, mpst, mfs, mtst: com'st, thump'st, triumphs, prompt'st.
nd, ndz, ndst, nj: send, sends, send'st. range.

njd, nz, ngd, ngdst: ranged, fins, hang'd, hang'dst.
ngz, ngth, ngths, ngk: hangs, length, lengths, wink.
ngkt, ngks, ngkst, nt: wink'd, sinks, sink'st, taunt.

nts, ntst, ns, nst: taunts, taunt'st, wince, canst.

nth,ni, nch, ncht, nsh: plinth, months, flinch, flinch'd, avalanche. lb, lbd, lbz, ld: bulb, bulb'd, bulbs, hold.

ldz, ldst, lj, ljd: hölds, hold'st, bulge, bulg'd.

Im, Imd, Imz, In: whelm, whelm'd, whelms, fall'n.

lv, lvd, luz, lz: shelve, shelv'd, shelves, halls.

lk, lks, lkt, kts: silk, silks, mulct, mulcts.

lp, lpt, lps, lpst: help, help'd, helps, help'st.
it, lts, ltst, lf: halt, halts, halt'st, gulf.
lfs, lft, ls, lst: gulfs, delft, false, fall'st.
ith, Iths, lch, leht: health, healths, filch, filch'd.
rb, rbst, rbd, rbdst: barb, barb'st, barb'd, barb'dst.
rbz, rd, rdst, rdz: barbs, heard, heard'st, herds.
rg, rgz, rj, rjd: burgh, burghs, urge, urg'd.
rl, rist, rld, rldst: hurl, hurl'st, hurl'd, hurl'dst.
rlz. rm, rmst, rmd: hurls, warm, warm'st, warm'd.
rmdst, rmz, rmth, rn: 'warm'dst, warms, warmth, burn.
rnst, rnd, rndst, rnt: burn'st, burn'd, burn'dst, burnt.
rnz, rv, rust, rvd : burns, curve, curv’st, curv'd.

rudst, ruz, rz, rk: curvdst, curves, wares, hark.
rks, rkst, rkt, rktst: barks, hark'st, hark'd, hark'dst.
rp, rps, rpst, rpt: harp, harps, harp'st, harp'd.
rptst, rt, rts, rtst: harp'dst, hurt, hurts, hurt'st.
rf, rft, rfs, rs: turf, turf'd, turfs, purse.
rst, rsts, rth, rths: burst, bursts, hearth, hearths
rsh, rch, rcht: harsh, march, march’d.

pl, plst, pld, pldst:* pluck, ripple, rippi'st, rippl'd, rippl'dst.
plz, pr, pt, pts: ripples, prim, crypt, crypts.

ps, pst, pth, pths:

bd, bdst, bl, blst:

whips, whipp'st, depth, depths.

robb'd, daub’dst, black, trouble, troubl'st. bld, bldst, blz, br: troubl'd, troubl’dst, troubles, brim. bz, bst: probes, prob'st; robs, robb’st.

f, flst, Ad, fldst: flame, trifle, trifl'st, trifl'd, trifl'dst. fr, ft, fts, ftst: frown, waft, wafts, waft'st.

fs, fst, fth, fths: laughs, laugh'st, fifth, fifths. vd, vdst, vl, vlst: liv'd, liv'dst, driv'l, driv'l'st.

vld, vldst, vlz, vn : driv'l'd, driv'l'dst, driv'ls, driv’n. vnz, vnth, vz, vst: heav'ns, elev'nth, lives, liv'st.

thn (th aspirate), thnd, thnz: strength'n, strength'n'd, strength'ns. tht, thndst, ths, thr: betroth'd, length'n'dst, truths, throb. thd (th vocal), thz, thst: wreath'd, wreaths, wreath'st. tl, tlst, tld, tldst: settle, settl'st, settl'd, settl'dst. tlz, tr, ts, tst: settles, trust, combats, combat'st.

dl, dlst, dlz, dn: kindle, kindl'st, kindles, hard'n.

dnst, dnd, dndst, dnz: hard'n'st, hard'n'd, hard'n'dst, hard'ns. dr, dz, dst, dth, dths: dread, deeds, didst, breadth, breadths. kl, klst, kld, kldst: truckle, truckl'st, truckl'd, truckl'dst. klz, kn, knst, knd: truckles, black'n, black'n'st, black'n'd. kndst, knz, kr: black'ndst, black'ns, crime.

kt, kts, ks: rocked, acts; racks, axe, six.

gd, gdst, gl, glst: fagg'd, fagg'dst, glow, mangle, mangl'st.
gld, gldst, glz, gr: mangl'd, mangl'dst, mangles, grim.
gz, gst: crags, logs, wags; rigg'st, digg'st.

sl, slst, sld, sldst: slay, nestle, nestl'st, nestl'd, nestl'dst.
slz, sm, sn, snz: nestles, smoke, sneer, bas'n, bas'ns.
sk, skt, sks, skst: skip, mask, mask'd, masks, mask'st.
skr, sp, spt, sps, sf: screw, spot, clasp, clasp'd, clasps, sphere.
spr, spl, st, sts, str: spring, splash, stay, insists, street.
zd, zl, zlst, zld: amaz'd, muzzle, muzzl’st, muzzl❜d.
zldst, zlz, zm, zmz: muzzl'dst, muzzles, chasm, chasms.
zn, znst, znd, zndst: pris'n, reas'nst, reas'n'd, reas'n'dst.
shr, sht, cht, jd: shrink, push'd, fetch'd, ury'd.

*The Cognate Consonant Sounds commence with p and b, and are alteraately aspirate and vocal. See T 24.

123. The following lists contain examples of nearly all the termi national syllabic combinations of English consonants They are arranged in the order of their quantitative duration, the shortest first. They should be practised till they can be enounced with clearness and ease. The pupil will drop his voice at the semicolon and dash.*

*

EXERCISE VIII.

I. ASPIRATE CONSONANT SOUNDS.

Step, shape, fit, site, ark, black; - if, laugh, path, both, miss, gas, wash; - help, felt, wilt, milk, elk, tent, aunt, lamp, jump, dreamt, tempt, ink, bank; *-self, gulf, golf, health, wealth, else, pulse, Welsh, ninth, plínth, once, dance, nymph, strength, length; apt, leaped, tripped, act, walked, baked;-steps, whips, depth, boats, feats, eighth, watch, search, ox, axe, backs, corks; — left, puffed, wasp, fast, guessed, ask; — safes, life's, fifth, death's, broths; - gulped, milked, stamped, inked, banked, succinct; *-alps, whelps, bolts, waltz, belch, milch, bulks, silks, prints, chants, French, inch, imps, romps, tempts, shrinks, thanks; *—ingulfed, fail'st, tell'st, against, mean'st, feign'st, dream'st, com'st, sing'st, bring'st; *-gulfs, sylphs, healths, tenths, plinths, nymphs, lengths; *- adepts, Copts, acts, sects, expects; shap'st, hop'st, sat'st, got'st, patched, broached, look'st, next; efts, thefts, asps, costs, wastes, asks, desks, husks;-fifths;-twelfths; *-help'st, halt'st, filched, milk'st, want'st, hint'st, blenched, flinched, limp'st, attempt'st, think'st, drank'st; *. texts; - sixths.

*.

II. VOCAL CONSONANT SOUNDS.

Babe, mob, bad, trade, egg, plague; - leave, of, with, bathe; ease, as, buzz, rouge; ale, ell, isle, am, hymn, on, sing, tongue; alb, bulb, old, willed, build, rhomb, hemmed, and, finned, hanged, bunged; — delve, evolve, ells, palls, aims, comes, bronze, ens, longs, pangs;-ribbed, stabbed, begged, wigged;-cabs, tubs, adze, heads, odds, edge, budge, eggs, lags;-saved, lived, seethed, writhed, grazed, used, rouged;-graves, loaves, withes, bathes; helm, film, culm (see T 154);-bulged; - bulbs, folds, builds, bilge, rhumbs, lands, finds, fringe, change; delved, involved, bronzed; - shelves; helmed; films; judged, besieged;-bilged, changed, hinged.

* In the words marked with an asterisk, liquids occur before the aspirate tonsonant sounds. See the terms liquid, aspirate and vocal, in the Explanątory Index.

-

III. MIXED CONSONANT SOUNDS.

Brib'st, stabb'st, bidd'st, add'st, midst, begg'st, tugg'st; breadth, width, wav'st, leav'st, giv'st, striv'st, sooth'st; hold'st; delv'st, solv'st. (All verbs ending in p or k have the sounds of pt and kt in the past tense, as stopped, walked, &c. See 152.) Apt, strict, strapped, kept, slept, whipped, shipped, lopped, cupped, shaped, steeped, piped, hoped, cooped, chapter, styptic, reptile, rapture, captain; act, tact, sect, erect, strict, hacked, shocked, ducked, poked, looked, walked, ached, leaked, liked, cactus, lacteäl, affected, lecture, picture, dictate, instructive, octave, doctor.

QUESTIONS.-118. What is said of the fifth Exercise? 119. What mode of practice is recommended in it? What do you mean by combinations of consonant sounds? 120. What is signified in the fifth Exercise by the Italicizing of the r, the th and z? 121. How may the combinations be varied? 122. What mode of practice is suggested for the seventh Exercise? What is meant by the word initial?

EXERCISE IX.*

ACCENT.

1. DISSYLLABLES. Accent the first syllable in the following: Acid, airy, aspect; brawny, bushel, buttress; caper, carpet, circle; destine, dogma, doctrine; downmost, gorgeous, greedy; household, madman, master; mighty, morning, murder; noisy, pētrel, quickest; rifle, satrap, shorten; tribune, wherefore, wither; woodland, yellow, zealot.

ΕΙ

ΕΙ

Accent the second syllable of the following: Abate, arcade, beneath (the th vocal, as in thin; beware, bespread, cajole; coërce, collapse, defy; degrade, revolt, derange; elate, engraft, foment; foredoom, forgive, ignore; assume, jocose, obtuse· peruse (see T 42), pretext, prolix.

2. TRISYLLABLES. Accent the first syllable of the following: Amity, asinīne, aspirate; archetype (see T68), banishment, oookseller; carpenter, circumstance, chivalrous (the ch of this word has the thirty-third elementary sound; see page 18); dangerous, desert-place, dogmatize; doubtfully, drōllery, ebony; enemy, equable, équerry; expletive, febrifuge, finical; filament, fishmonger, forgery; giddiness, impotent, interest; integral, invalid (when a noun), liberty (the er as in her), loiterer; mischievous, misanthrope, notary; oasis, octuple, petrify; plethora,

*The reader should review Lesson VI., and read paragraphs 14 and 15. before entering upon this Exercise.