Appendix referring to Mr. Payne's paper on Primary Instruction. See
I. GENERAL RESULTS OF INSTRUCTION IN READING, WRITING, AND ARITHMETIC IN GREAT BRITAIN. (REPORT, 1866-7.*)
Children of all ages present at the examination
Children over six years of age.
Actually unable to pass the examination (a+b+c)
It appears, therefore, that those who passed in the six standards taken altogether were only about 65 per cent. of those examined, and only about 43 per cent. of the whole number over six years old present.
II. RESULTS OF THE FINISHED EDUCATION.
Children over ten years of age.
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The "education" of the great mass of the children ends at ten or eleven years of age, and therefore consists in what they have learned by that time. We see above, that of children over ten (about 28 per cent. of the number over six) examined, about two-thirds (123) pass in one or other of the standards. But as about half of these cannot pass Standard IV., their education for life consists in reading and spelling indifferently, and doing short division sums; while that of the upper half consists in somewhat better reading and spelling, and doing sums in compound rules, practice, or bills of parcels. As, however, these better educated children constitute only one-third of the number above ten examined () we conclude that two-thirds leave school furnished only with the barest elements of instruction; that is, that after a school course of at least four years (2748 hours), two out of every three, on leaving school, are found not to have accomplished the object for which the whole system was devised. The machine fails twice as often as it succeeds.
But we further see that as only 15,867 children pass in Standard VI., only about one in sixteen (16) of those who, being over ten, are about to leave school, reaches the topmost round of the ladder; fifteen out of sixteen fall short of it.
Lastly, we see, in reviewing the results of the whole scheme, that in our schools generally, only 1 in 63 (1587) of the children above six years of age is able to pass Standard VI., so that if two such scholars are found in any one school of 63 children, there must be another school somewhere in which the ratio is only 1: 126.
*This Report is taken as typical. The ratio between numbers and results scarcely varies more than two or three per cent. in ten years.
Opening Address by the Right Hon.
Lord Napier and Ettrick, K.T., 1
Jurisprudence and amendment of the
law, by Sir John Duke Coleridge,
Q.C., M.P., 28
Education, by George Woodyatt Hast-
ings, 47
Health, by Dr. H. W. Acland, F.R.S.,
D.C.L., 64
Economy and trade, by Sir John Bow-
ring, LL.D., 88
Repression of crime, by J. H. Kenna-
Ace, Rev. Dr. Reform of the Eccle-
siastical Courts of England and
Wales, 184
Acland, Dr., F.R.S., D.C.L. Address
on health-idea of health, 64; typical
provisions for health, 66; disease as
it affects nations, 68; comparative
national health, 78; health adminis-
tration, 79
Acton, William. A medical midnight
mission in the streets of Birming-
ham, with a view to estimate and
improve the moral condition of our
inland towns, 381
Agricultural improvement, 96
labour, 94
by Sir Baldwyn
Leighton, Bart., 393; by William
Morris, 401; by E. L. O'Malley, 403;
discussion, 405
Anthony, Rev. F. E., observations on
primary instruction, 254;
on the
training of teachers, 268
Appendices, 527
Arbitration in the settlement of national
disputes, by Thomas Beggs, 434
Arnold, Arthur. Free trade in land,
460
Arthur, Rev. William, observations on
primary instruction, 256; training of
teachers, 268; secondary education
of girls, 273
Atmosphere, means of preserving purity
of, by W. J. Cooper, 379
Baker, T. The prevention of disease,
351
Baker, T. B. Ll. Is it desirable to
adopt the principle of cumulative
punishment? 191; the past and future
of our dealing with crime, 233; ob-
servations on cumulative punishment,
197; industrial day schools, 202;
primary aim of punishment, 214
Balkwill, F. P., observations on a court
of international arbitration, 126
primary aim of punishment, 216
Ball, William, observations on a court
of international arbitration, 126
Bastard, T. H., observations on agricul-
tural labour, 409
Bate, C. Sperce, F.R.S. On scientific
education in middle-class schools, 284
Batten, J. W., observations on the evi-
dence of accused persons, 117
Beer, William. The training system in
use in the Royal Navy, 312
Beggs, Thomas. Arbitration in the set-
tlement of national disputes, viewed
in relation to the events and results
of the late war, 434
Bennett, E. M.
law system, 518
Bennett, J. N., observations on agricul-
tural labour, 413
On the Elberfeld poor
Biggs, C. H. W. Why are the results
of our primary instruction so un-
satisfactory? 258
Birmingham, a medical midnight mis-
sion in the streets of, by William
Acton, 381
Books, statistics of, 104
Botley, W., observations on direct and
indirect taxation, 390; agricultural
labour, 416
Bowring, Sir John, LL.D. Address on
economy and trade, 88; national pro-
gress, 89; necessaries of life, 93; agri-
cultural labour, 94; art of cooking,
95; recreation of the middle classes, 95;
agricultural improvement, 96; emi-
gration, 96; post-office statistics, 97;
telegraph messages, 96; savings bank,
97; railway statistics, 99; statistics
of crime, 101; reformatories, 101;
drunkenness, 102; lunacy, 103; sta-
tistics of books, 104; international
hostilities, 105; intemperance and
vice in the army, 105; phenomena of
life, 105; international arbitration,
106; observations on direct and in-
direct taxation, 389, 392; on agricul-
tural labour, 416
Browning, Lady, observations on indus-
trial day schools, 203; on direct and
indirect taxation, 392
Brian, T. C. Is it desirable that de-
fendants in criminal proceedings
should be competent or compellable
to give evidence in their own behalf,
or on behalf of or against others
jointly indicted? And is it desirable
that the husband or wife of an in-
dicted prisoner should be competent
or compellable to give evidence in
favour of, or against the accused, or
any person jointly indicted? 116;
observations on primary aim of
punishment, 215
Brick and tile yards, inspection of, by
George Smith, 516
Briggs, Thomas. How far ought taxa-
tion to be direct or indirect? 388
Brown, Joseph, Q.C. Ought railway
companies and other carriers of pas-
sengers to be liable to an unlimited
extent for the acts of their servants?
129; observations on liability of car-
riers for negligence, 140
Browne, T. L. Murray. On the police
cells of London, 217
Bulteel, Christopher, F.R.C.S. The
Public Health Act, 1872, with special
reference to Plymouth, Devonport,
and Stonehouse, 359; observations on
sewage poisoning, 318; sanitary laws,
Campbell, Hon. Dudley, observations
on the evidence of accused persons,
119
Carpenter, Miss Mary. Is it desirable
that industrial day schools should be
established? 198; on industrial day
schools, 198, 203; observations on
the secondary education of girls, 272;
cumulative punishment, 195; indus-
trial day schools, 205
Charity organization, mendicity, and
repression, by Hamilton Whiteford,
Charlton, Professor, observations on
the training of teachers, 268
Cheap literature, suppression of low,
by R. Reynolds Fox, 236
Childs, Christopher, observations on
the evidence of accused persons, 118
Cholera and the cattle plague, 375
Collier, W. F. Punishments in educa-
tion, 304; observations on agricul-
tural labour, 412
Coleridge, Sir John D., Q.C., M.P.
Address on jurisprudence and amend-
ment of the law, 28; law reform, 28;
digest of law, 31; code of law, 32;
jurisdiction of courts, 35; final ap-
peal-House of Lords, 36; Judicature
commission, 41; minister of justice,
42; prospects of legislative action, 44;
observations on the evidence of ac-
cused persons, 120; court of inter-
national arbitration, 128
Collins, Rev. C. M. E. On diminution
of the frequency of imprisonment,
Rev. Dr. Stock, 121; by M. Dunant,
123; discussion, 125
Cowan, Rev. W. D., observations on
industrial day schools, 205; on the
primary aim of punishment, 213
Cox, Mr. Serjeant. What ought to be
the primary aim of punishment-to
deter, or to reform? 207; on indus-
trial day schools, 204; primary aim
of punishment, 216
Craigie, Captain. What principles
ought to regulate local taxation and
administration? 417
Crime. The past and future of dealing
with, by T. B. Ll. Baker, 233
Cumulative punishment, by T. B. Ll.
Baker, 191; discussion, 195
Daniel, W. T. S., Q.C., on the Second
Report of the Judicature Commission,
181
Davenport E. G., observations
agricultural labour, 433
Dealing with crime, The past and
future of, by T. B. Ll. Baker, 233
Digest of law, 31
Devon and Exeter reformatories and
industrial schools, by A. H. A. Hamil-
ton, 235
Devonport, The Public Health Act,
1872, with a reference to, by Chris-
topher Bulteel, 359
Diminution of the frequency of im-
prisonment, with the view of in-
creasing its deterrent effects, by Rev.
C. M. E. Collins, 221
Direct or indirect taxation, by E. C.
Macqueen, 383; by John Noble, 385;
by Thomas Briggs, 388; discussion,
389
Disease as it affects nations, 68
Drunkenness, 102
Dunant, M.
Can a court of interna-
tional arbitration be formed with a
view to avoid war, and if so, in what
way? 123
Dwellings of the rural population, 22
Eccentricities of recent sanitary legisla
tion, by William Hope, V.C., 376
Ecclesiastical courts of England and
Wales, reform of, by Rev. Dr. Ace,
184
Education and employment of the blind,
by Miss Paul, 311
female, Objects of, by Mrs.
of females, 310
of girls, 51
proportionate or symmetri-
cal system of, by W. Cave Thomas,
288
Education, scientific, in middle class
schools, by C. Spence Bate, F.R.S.,
284
Elementary education, 61
Education Act, 4
Education Act of 1870, and
the codes, by Rowland Hamilton, 309
Elberfeld poor law system, The, by J.
N. Bennett, 518
Endowed Schools Commission, 59
Emigration, 96
Evidence of accused persons, by Dr.
Waddilove, 110; by T. C. Brian,
116; discussion, 117
Exeter and Devon reformatories and
industrial schools, 235
Factories and workshops inspection,
with reference to brick and tile yards,
by George Smith, 516
Female education, the objects of, by
Mrs. Amelia Lewis, 310
Filtration of sewage, by Robert Sy-
mington, 377
Final appeal, House of Lords, 36
Foggo, George. The policy of restric-
tive measures in quarantine as applied
to cholera and the cattle plague, 375
Ford, C. R. Observations on industrial
day schools, 204; primary aim of
punishment, 214
Fowler, R. N., M.P., observations on
a court of international arbitration,
127
Fox, R. Reynolds. On the best means
of suppressing the low cheap litera-
ture of the day, 236
S., observations on direct and
indirect taxation, 392
Free trade in land, by Arthur Arnold,
460
Freeland, H. W. On copyhold law
reform, 177; observations on liability
of carriers for negligence, 139
Fuller, Francis. On the improved
utilization of the land, 517
Gore, George, F.R.S. On the present
relation of science to the British
Government and public school educa-
tion, 279
Gould, W. De Tracy. On treatment of
prisoners before trial, 220
Greenway, Henry, M.R.C.S. A new
mode of hospital construction, 378
Hamilton, A. H. A. The Devon and
Exeter reformatories and industrial
schools, 235
Hamilton, Rowland. The Public Ele-
mentary Act of 1870 and the codes,
309; observations on primary in-
struction, 253; training of teachers,
267; primary aim of punishment, 216
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