7th. A substantial Navy Magazine, with a house for the keeper and whart for convenience of receiving and sending off powder, &c.; it is situated a the east end of the city, on the Anacostia branch of the Potomac.

8th. At the southern extremity of the city sands the extensive Arn y Asenal and Laboratories for arms audm.nufactory of military stores, with large sheds and houses for the storage of caissons, cannon, carriages, &c., and a magazine, occupying a large space of ground, in a beautiful and commanding situation.

9th. The Penitentiary is situated on the public ground north of the arsenal; it is a lofty building, of brick, enclosing within it the cells for the convicts, four er high; built of freestone, and properly secured by strong iron doors ; attached to it are spacious bui dings for the warden and keepers; the waiden's house faces the Potomac, and in front of it is a substantial wharf for the convenience of the establishment; the ground is enclosed by a lofty brick wall extending from near the Potomac to James' Creek.

The ground on which the city s ands was ceded by the State of Maryland to the United States. The proprieto s of the soil surrendered their lands, to he laid out as a city, and gave up one half thereof to the United States, to be sold to raise funds for the erection of the public buildings.

There is a pile bridge across the Potomac, a mile long, built in 1809, leading to Alexandria, and 3 over the Anacostia; 4 turnpikes, viz; to Alexandria, to Montgomery C. H., to Baltimore, to the Little River Turnpike, Virginia. The canal which connects the two rivers is now under the management of the City, and contracts have been made and the work commenced to enlarge it, both in width and depth, so as to admit four feet water at low tide, and, when completed, as contemplated, will afford suffic ent depth of water for a lively trade, in steamboats and small craft, through the centre of the city. The Anacostia branch has a sufficient depth of water for frigates to ascend above the Navy Yard without lighting, and vessels drawing 14 feet can come to the Potomac bridge, and from thence to the mouth of the Tiber, 9 feet at ordinary high tide; the T ber itself is shallow, with a soft, muddy bottom, which will be removed and deepened under the canal contract, and from 17th to 14th streets will form a spacious basin of 6 or 700 feet in width by upwards of 1500 in length, to where the canal commences, which is to be 150 wide to 6th street, the whole forming a spacious ou let to the Potomac, and uniting with the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which is to be continued from the basin at the mouth of Rock Creek.

The Tiber runs through the middle of the city, and its waters may be conveyed to the Capitol and the President's House.

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There are four market houses, in each of which market is held tri-weekly; the centre one is large and well supplied, and when finished will form three sides of an oblong square, the south front being open to the waters of the Tiber; a large infirmary, in a commanding situation, with two squares of ground enclosed; a Female Orphan Asylum; a Jail; a neat and handsome Theatre; an Assembly Room; a Circus; a City Hall, commenced in August, 1820, the south half of which is erected without its outside finish, of porticoes and stuccoing, and presents a front of 251 feet; a Tobacco Warehouse; two handsome Masonic Halls; o Public Schools, on the Lancastrian plan, supported by the corporation, open for all poor children; 19 places of worship, viz: 3 Episcopalian, 4 Presbyterian, 2 Catholic, 3 Methodist, 3 Baptist, 1 Unitarian, Friends, and two African, which are generally well attended; a City Library, incorporated by Congress, and containing upwards of 5,000 volumes; Medical, Botanical, Clerks' Benevolent, Masonic, Orphan, Dorcas, Howard, Bible, Missionary, Tract, Colonization, societies; Columbian Institute; and measures taken to establish a Lyceum on liberal principles; a Juseum, Gallery of Paintings, Baths, Glass House, Foundry, and two ex tensive Breweries, four very extensive Taverns, with accomodations equal any of a similar nature; 3 Banks, and a Branch of the United States Bank; a Fire Insurance Company; 12 printing offices; 4 daily, 4 ri-weekly,

and 2 weekly papers; 6 steamboats, viz: 2 to Baltimore, 1 to Norfolk, 1 to Potomac Creek, and 2 to Alexandria; 8 stages daily to Baltimore, and 1 to the west, and several in other directions.

The City is well supplied with good water; the Pennsylvania Avenue is supplied from cop ous springs, by wooden and iron pipes. West of the Navy Yard are several extensive wharves and warehouses, and others near he Potomac bridge.

There is perhaps no city in the Union that has so many pleasant heigh's adjoining to it as this-being surrounded by them in the shape of a horseshoe, the Potomac, of more than a mile in width, forming the opening to the south. These heights form delightful scites for country seat-a number are already erected. The city combines in a high degree the requisites so desirable for the metropolis of the Union. Situated near the head of tide water navigation, near the centre of the sea-board line, and a ready communication with the ocean, convenient for intercourse with every section of the republic, ample as to territory, with the most beautiful situations for public and private edifices; markets well supplied with every necessary at reasonable prices. The Potomac furnishes full supplies of shad, h rring, and other fish, and the adjoining country, meats, fruits and vegetables, in abundance.

In the vicinity are many valuable improvements, the most conspicuous of which is the Columbian College, incorporated by Congress in 1821, Feb. 9th the land was purchased in Dec. 1819, and the building completed in Sept. 1821; the premises contain 47 acres. It is situated north of the city, and, according to Mr. Lambert, is 7.970 west longitude, and about 1 miles north of the President's House; commands a view of the city, Alexandria, Fort Washington, and the heights of Mount Vernon; the southern boundary of the college grounds is the boundary of the city, and 14th street west rans in a right south line, to the east end of the Potomac bridge; the edifice has a north and south front, 117 feet by 47 wide, and four stories high; besides this, there are two neat dwellings, with out-houses and gardens for the Professors and the College.

The seat of government was removed here in 1800, during the Presidency of John Adams Legal jurisdiction was assumed by Congress, on the 27th Feb. 1801, and the laws of Maryland and Virginia then existing declared to be in force, which is the case at present, with but few exceptions. The Judges of the Circuit Court compose a tribunal for the trial of civil and criminal cases. There is also an Orphans' Court and a Register of Wills. There is no tribunal for the trial of city causes but Justices of the Peace, who are appointed by the President; they can give judgment for all sums under $50, and pe-r form such other duties as are usual.

The city was incorporated by act of Congress on the 3d May, 1802, by which act the appointmen of Mayor was vested in the President, yearly, and the two branches of Council by the people, in general ticket. By a supplement, of May 4, 1812, the corporation was made to consist of Mayor, Aldermen, and Board of Common Council; the Board of Aldermen to consist of 8 members, chosen for two years, and the Council of 12 members, for one year-being two from each ward of the former, and three from each ward of the latter; and the Mayor by joint ballot of the two boards, yearly

By the present charter, of May 15, 1820, the Mayor is elected by the penple, every two years, on the first Monday in June; the Board of Aldermen for two years, and the Council for one year The Mayor and Aldermen are Justices of the Peace ex officio. Each ward elects two Aldermen and three Councilmen, and every free white male citizen of the United States, of lawful age, having resided in the city one year previous to the election, being a resident of the ward in which he offers to vote, and who shall have been assessed on the books of the corporation for the year ending on 31st December, preceding the election, and shall have paid all taxes legally assesse! and due on personal property, when legally required to pay the same, sha be entitled to vote for Mayor al members of the two Boards.

EXPENDITURES BY THE U. S. IN WASHINGTON CITY.

To correct a prevailing error that the City has been, and continues to be, a burden to the United States, the following Exhibit has been compiled with the greatest care and from the most authentic sources.

Payed footways

9.064 04

Purchase of part of the City Hall, for Court, &c. 10,00 00

Purchase of square 249 for water

Jail of Alexandria County

Jail of Washington County

Penitentiary of the District

1,246 94

$4,264,857 53

The foregoing statement of expenditures, includes the entire expense of rebuilding the public edifices, which were destroyed by fire in 1814, the building of Jails for Alexandria County and Washington County, pu chase of a Court House for Washington Cousty, the erection of the United States Penitentiary, and a variety of other items not chargeable to the sales of City

Lots

For the improvements made in the City, opening and graduating the streets and avenues, according to the plan of the United States, adopted by General Washington, the support of the Poor, and all other expenses of the City, the money has been raised by assessments upon the private property within its limits; the City Lo's owned by the United States, the pube rse vations and all other property of the goverument, having never, ben assessed, nor subject to any charge whatever.