combination because of his previous con- | within the constitutional provisions as to nection therewith.
Id. equal privileges and immunities of citizens and the equal protection of persons. Pitts- burgh, C. C. & St. L. R. Co. v. Montgomery (Ind.)
Conspiracy; to injure person's business by inducing employees to break their con- tracts; injunction to restrain; where party injured was formerly a member of the il- legal combination.
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW.
2. Personal liberty includes not only freedom from physical restraint, but also the right "to be let alone;" to determine one's mode of life,-whether it shall be a life of publicity or of privacy; and to order one's life and manage one's affairs in a manner that may be most agreeable to him, so long as he does not violate the rights of others or of the public. Pavesich v. New England L. Ins. Co. (Ga.) 101
3. Personal security includes the right to exist, and the right to the enjoyment of life, while existing, and is invaded not only by a deprivation of life, but also by a de- privation of those things which are neces- sary to the enjoyment of life according to the nature, temperament, and lawful desires of the individual.
Equal protection or privileges.
5. The exemption of municipal corpora- tions from a statute making other corpora- tions liable to a servant for negligence of a
fellow servant does not make the statute in- valid. Id.
6. A constitutional provision requiring all laws of a general nature to have a uniform operation throughout the state is not vio- lated by Ohio act April 2, 1890, relating to the liability of railroad companies for in- juries to employees, since it applies to all railroad corporations operating railroads within the state, and to all of a common class of railroad employees. Peirce v. Van Dusen (C. C. App. 6th C.) 705
7. No unconstitutional discrimination between resident and nonresident owners of land along the line of a ditch is made by a statute permitting any resident owner, when the ditch needs cleaning, to petition therefor under a section which simply re- quires a sworn statement of such necessity to be made to the county auditor, while nonresident owners can only petition for such improvement under a section which requires application to be made to the county commissioners, and the giving of a bond for the payment of costs if the appli- cation is not granted. Taylor v. Crawford (Ohio)
Due process of law.
Requiring Automobile to Carry Num- ber as Violation of Provision as to, see AUTOMOBILES, 1.
Necessity of Indictment by Grand Jury,
see CRIMINAL LAW, 4.
8. Property is not taken without due pro- cess of law by Neb. Comp. Stat. 1901, chap, 77, art. 1, §§ 39, 40, requiring railroad property to be valued and assessed by one assessing body, and the aggregate value distributed, on a mileage basis, to the vari- ous counties, cities, towns, etc., through which the road runs. State ex rel. Morton 447
9. A person upon whose property an assessment for cleaning out a drainage ditch is laid is not deprived of his prop- erty without due process of law, where the assessment is fixed by the county surveyor after examining the sewer to ascertain whether the work is necessary, and esti- mating the cost, and a report of his exam- ination and estimate must be returned to the county auditor, who appoints a day for hearing the report, of which due notice persons is given to all interested parties, and the
Special Privileges to Loan Association, see BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIA- TIONS, 1.
auditor may make such changes in the as sessment as he deems just, while any person aggrieved has a remedy under Ohio Rev. Stat. 1892, § 5848, providing for an injunc- tion to restrain the illegal levy or collec- tion of taxes and assessments. Taylor v. Crawford (Ohio) 805
surety bonds to be signed by surety com- panies; constitutional right to make and enforce contracts; right to receive prop- erty not absolute.
Powers and privileges of legislature; right of senate to expel member; meaning of due process of law. 557
Requirement of uniformity; making railroad companies liable for injuries to employees by superior servants.
10. Though an ordinance prohibiting the storage of explosive oils in large quantities within the corporate limits happens to have the effect of putting an end to a business, What constitutes a "taking" of property, and of rendering valueless certain struc- for which compensation must be made; for- tures used in connection with the business, bidding use of land near parkway for ad- its enforcement will not constitute a depriv-vertising purposes; no vested right to be ing of property without due process of law, exempt from police regulations. when the circumstances justify its adop- tion as a police regulation. Crowley v. Ellsworth (La.)
Statute making all corporations, except municipal, liable for injury to employee by fellow servant; making void contract by corporation for release from liability, for negligence of fellow servant; what class- ification of business constitutional; act in- valid as to some persons embraced in pro- visions invalid as to all; necessity of uni- formity and equal privileges; depriving owner of property of one of its attributes as depriving him of his property; inter- ference with right to contract. 876 CONSTRUCTIVE POSSESSION. See ADVERSE POSSESSION.
Showing Completed Agreement Satis fying Statute of Frauds, see EVI- DENCE, 8. Parol Evidence of Signing Memoran- dum of Contract as Agent for Pur- chaser, see EVIDENCE, 15. Effect of Permitting Gambling Trans- actions on Right of Board of Trade to Protection of Price Quota- tions, see INJUNCTION, 4. Invalidity of Limitation as to Time for Suit on Policy, see INSUR-
Validity of Parol License, see LICENSE. Validity of Statute Avoiding Contract
for Relief from Liability for Fel- low Servant's Negligence, see MAS- TER AND SERVANT, 23, 24. Property Right in Price Quotations by Board of Trade Carrying on Gam- bling Transactions, see PROPERTY. Specific Performance of Oral Contracts, see SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE, 2. For Sale of Land, see VENDOR AND PUR-
1. A covenant by a purchaser of the business and effects of a corporation, the sale of which is intended to terminate its
existence, to indemnify it from and against
the contracts and engagements to which the said vendor appears to be now liable, and also all claims and demands on account of the same contracts and engagements, does not cover a claim by the president-manager of the corporation to salary for the time subsequently accruing, where it was found- ed merely on the fact that he had been elected president, and there was no contract that the services and salary should con- tinue for any specified time. Busell Trim- mer Co. v. Coburn (Mass.) Consideration.
2. Marriage is a valuable consideration sufficient to support a conveyance from hus- band to wife. Barnum V. Le Master (Tenn.) 353
Partial performance.
3. On the termination, by the insolvency and dissolution of a corporation, of an ex- ecutory contract with it necessitating, in its execution, work, labor, and the expenditure of money for materials, machinery, etc., and the construction of roads and other improvements, as well as in carrying on the work, the contractor is entitled to com- pensation for services rendered by him in pursuance of the contract until the date of its termination, and to reimbursement for his actual and necessary outlay and ex- penses, subject to a deduction of all sums paid to him by the corporation, and of the value of such materials, machinery, and
Estoppel of, see ESTOPPEL, 6. corporate property free and discharged Conclusiveness against, of Judgment as | from the contract, under a decree of the to Corporate Bonds, see JUDGMENT, court directing it to be offered for sale both 4. subject to and free from the contract, to compensation and reimbursement for his services and expenditures out of the assets of the company, although he afterwards purchases the corporate property and ob- tains the benefit of such improvements. Id. Compensation of officers.
Rights of Life Tenants to Cash Divi- dends, see LIFE TENANTS, 3-6. Religious Corporations, see RELIGIOUS
Taxation of, see TAXES. Powers of, and contracts by.
Effect of Failure to Keep Tender Good on Right to Compel Repurchase of Stock, see TENDER.
See also CONTRACTS, 3. 1. A corporation has power to make valid contracts for the repurchase of its own stock in the absence of charter restrictions. Wisconsin Lumber Co. v. Greene & W. Tel- eph. Co. (Iowa)
Corporations; respective rights of life tenants and remainder-men in stock div- 2. A corporation cannot refuse to per-idends; interference of court with manage- form its contract to allow subscribers to stock free passes, or to repurchase the stock at the price paid, on the ground that it is contrary to public policy. Id.
ment of corporate affairs; investment of profits of corporation in permanent works as a capitalization thereof.
Recovering for services and expenses un- 3. A corporation cannot accept stock der a running contract with a corporation subscriptions secured by its officers, and re- ended by its insolvency and dissolution:- pudiate the promise to take back the stock | (I.) Scope of note; (II.) breaches of con- under certain circumstances. Id. tracts in general; (III.) the measure of 4. A corporation cannot refuse to carry damages in such cases; (IV.) how corpora- out its contract to repurchase the stock of tions are dissolved; (V.) when dissolution certain subscribers upon certain contin- is not effected; (VI.) the earlier common- gencies on the ground that other stock-law doctrine concerning the effect of disso- holders were not given the same right to lution; (VII.) comment and criticism con- return their stock; at least where there is cerning it; (VIII.) no showing of any other prejudice to the "American," doctrine; (IX.) the effects of corporate dissolution according to modern views: (a) civil death; (b) upon litiga- tion; (c) upon property and assets; (d) upon debts and credits; (e) upon contracts in general; (f) upon employment con- tracts: (1) with officers; (2) with super- intendents; (3) with agents; (4) with or- dinary employees; (X) remedies: (a) ab- stract; (b) concrete; (XI.) construction and effect of statutes; (XII.) conclusion.
5. The fact that a person entering into an executory contract with a corporation, necessitating in its execution the expendi- ture of money and labor, is a director of the corporation, does not affect his right, upon the termination of the contract by the insolvency and dissolution of the corpora- tion, to compensation for services rendered, and to reimbursement for expenses in- curred, under the contract, where the con- tract was entered into openly, without fraud, and the other directors and the stockholders were fully informed of its terms, and permitted it to be partly ex- ecuted without disapproval. Griffith V. Blackwater Boom & L. Co. (W. Va.) 124
6. A contractor who, under an executory contract with a corporation, terminated by its insolvency and dissolution, has made large expenditures in the construction and repair of river dams, bridges, and roads belonging to the corporation, for the driv- ing and hauling of timber, and upon tim- ber partially prepared for delivery under the contract, is entitled, upon a sale of the
at the time of the adoption of the Consti- | constitutional power to prevent an inferior tution. McDonald v. Doust (Id.)
2. The legislature has no power to de- stroy the counties recognized by the Consti- tution as organized and existing at its adop- tion as legal subdivisions of the state. Id.
220 court from exceeding its jurisdiction, be- fore the question of jurisdiction has been presented to such court, where the situation disclosed is such that to take the ordinary course would be of itself to subject the complaining party to irremediable loss. Hargis v. Parker (Ky.) 270
3. A statute abolishing an existing coun- ty, and creating two new counties out of the same territory, and establishing a new county seat for each, is void under the Idaho Constitution, which recognizes the counties existing at the time of its adop- tion as legal subdivisions of the state, and forbids the removal of a county seat or the cutting off of territory without a vote of the people, and prohibits the reduction of the territory of a county below 400 square miles. Id.
4. A county organization is not a special privilege or immunity within the meaning of a constitutional provision that no spe- cial privilege or immunity shall ever be granted that may not be altered or revoked by the legislature. Id.
Judicial Notice by, see EVIDENCE, 1. Territorial limitations.
1. A constitutional right to trial by jury of the vicinage does not prevent the trial taking place in either county, in case a crime is begun in one and consummated in another. Hargis v. Parker (Ky.) 270
2. An accessory before the fact to a mur- der in which the wound is inflicted in one county and the injured person dies in an- other may be tried in either county, al- though his acts are committed only in the former, under statutes providing that ac- cessories shall be liable to the same pun- ishment as principals, and may be prose- cuted jointly with them, and, in case of a crime committed jointly in two counties the prosecution may be in either.
3. No interest in real estate located in another state can be vested in a complain- ant in a divorce proceeding by a decree which purports to deal directly with the title to the estate. Proctor v. Proctor (Ill.) 673
Relation to legislative department. 4. The court cannot supervise the exer- cise by the legislature of its constitutional power to expel a member. French v. Sen- ate (Cal.) 556
5. The question whether a general law can be made applicable to a particular case is for the legislature, and not for the court, to determine. Pittsburgh, C. C. & St. L. R. Co. v. Montgomery (Ind.) Superintending control.
9. A subsequent suit involving rights in the same property, in a court of co-ordinate jurisdiction, should not be dismissed, but, before a seizure of the property under it, should be stayed until the proceedings in the earlier suit are terminated, or ample time for their termination has elapsed. Id.
10. The arrest at their own instigation, for the purpose of preventing a trial else- where, of persons accused of crime, by a magistrate of the county where the com- mission of the crime is commenced, and Linding them over to await the action of the grand jury, will not prevent proceedings against them in the county where the crime is consummated, under a statute providing that, if the jurisdiction of any offense be in two counties, the accused shall be tried in the county in which he is first arrested. Hargis v. Parker (Ky.) Federal courts following state deci- sions.
Courts; inherent power of court over its process. 68 Refusal to interfere with co-ordinate de- 557
6. The supreme court may exericse its partments of government.
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