-Foreshadowings of insanity-Struggle between reason and insanity-Morbid
apprehensions of insanity-Confessions of patients-Insidious advances of
morbid thought—Obscene and immoral ideas—Singular perversion of thought
-Illusions premonitory of insanity-Phantasms and spectral illusions-Illusions
of hearing (voices)-Singular case of hallucination-Incubation of insanity-
Efforts made to conceal insanity-Insane impurity of thought-The insanity of
Ophelia-Indecent remarks of young women whilst insane-Explanation of the
causes of perverted thought-Sources of early moral deterioration-Purity of
thought sometimes exhibited by the insane-Power of controlling insane ideas—
Symptoms of incipient insanity-Morbid presentiment of insanity-Prediction
of attacks of apoplexy-Sir W. Scott's anticipation of brain disease—Dean
Swift's presentiment of his approaching imbecility-Morbid anticipation of insanity,
225-263

CHAPTER VIII.

STAGE OF EXALTATION.

Psychical exaltation-State of mind premonitory of insanity-Morbid exaggeration

of ideas-Emotional exaltation-Suicidal delirium connected with great exalta-

tion of spirits-Wit, ingenuity, and cunning of the insane-Mental acuteness of

the insane-Poetical enthusiasm in mania-Mental abilities of the insane-

Symptoms of insanity in young women-Peculiar type of mental disease-Self-

control and shrewdness of the insane-Art of analysing subtle cases of insanity.

-Feigned insanity unmasked by chloroform-Concealment of delusions by the

insane-Subtle case of homicidal insanity-Cunning, cleverness, and subtlety of

the insane-Acute instinctive manifestations of the insane-Subtlety of the insane

metaphysically explained-Symptoms of insanity-The physical agitation of

incipient insanity-Tortures of a wicked conscience-Happy type of insanity-

Horace's description of the happy madman-Premonitory signs of apoplexy—

Disease of the brain caused by a blow upon the head-Insidious symptoms of

general paralysis-Obscure case of general paralysis

CHAPTER IX.

STAGE OF MENTAL DEPRESSION.

266-298

Acute morbid melancholy-Symptoms of brain disease-Concealed delusions-Subtle

types of suicidal insanity-Melancholia a symptom of softening of the brain-

Apoplexy preceded by depression of spirits
299-302

CHAPTER X.

STAGE OF ABERRATION.

Obscure progress of aberration of mind-Exaggeration and perversion of ideas-

Disorder of the perceptive faculties-Delusions, how they originate-Illusions

premonitory of apoplexy-Illusions of hearing-Illusions premonitory of disease

of the brain-Singular case of spectral illusions-Perversions of the moral sense-

Insane pilfering and concealing-Insanity manifested by avarice and licentiousness

-Insanity exhibited by acts of immorality-Softening of the brain. 303-323

CHAPTER XI.

IMPAIRMENT OF MIND.

Insidious advances of mental imbecility-Symptoms of softening of the brain and

apoplexy-Subtle case of softening of the brain-Singular case of cerebral

paralysis-Lesions of intelligence preceding disease of the brain-Impaired

nutrition of the brain

324-331

CHAPTER XII.

MORBID PHENOMENA OF ATTENTION.

Importance of the faculty of attention-Genius a continued attention-Impairment

of attention-Morbid distraction and reverie-Injurious effects of protracted

reverie-Resemblance of reverie to dreaming-Morbid imaginative contemplation

-Hypochondriasis-Morbid concentration of attention-On the importance of

controlling the imagination-Weakness of attention a symptom of cerebral dis-

order-Morbid effect of concentrated attention-Defect of speech-Impairment

of attention-Morbid distraction a symptom of brain disease-Case of morbid

distraction-Post-mortem examination of the brain-The cerebral disease of

Oscar, King of Sweden, exhibiting itself in the early stage by distraction of

mind
332-356

CHAPTER XIII.

MORBID PHENOMENA OF MEMORY.

What is memory?-The natural classification of ideas-Cause of decay of memory

in old age-Mode of acquiring knowledge-Theory of memory-Loss of memory

in apoplexy-Laws regulating the admission of ideas into the mind. 357-363

CHAPTER XIV.

ACUTE DISORDERS OF THE MEMORY.

Decay of memory in old age-Retention of early impressions in old age-Premature

impairment of memory-Loss of memory in advanced life-The poet Rogers' loss

of memory-Importance of preserving the memory-Impairment of memory a

symptom of brain disease-Loss of memory a symptom of paralysis and softening

of the brain-Sudden and transient loss of memory-Symptoms of mental dis-

order-Case of softening of the brain-Causes of impaired and paralysed memory

-Sir H. Holland's case of temporary loss of memory-Effect of stimulants in

restoring the memory-Treatment of cases of loss of memory-Disease of brain

indicated by loss of memory-Case of sudden loss of memory-Enfeebled memory

caused by mental anxiety-Successful treatment of a case of loss of memory-

Loss of memory caused by blows upon the head-Singular case of forgetfulness

of dates and names-Insidious case of brain disease-Injurious effect of the hot

bath in cases of cerebral disease-Confused state of the memory-Symptoms of

brain disease-Confused state of the memory a symptom of ramollissement of the

brain-Effect of mental emotion on the ideas

CHAPTER XV.

364-387

CHRONIC (MODIFIED) AFFECTIONS OF THE MEMORY.

Forgetfulness of names previously to an attack of brain disease-Loss of language

caused by a blow on the head-Singular case of revival of a language long for-

gotten-Loss of language after attacks of apoplexy, &c.-Effect of injury to the

head on the memory-Singular case of defect of memory-Loss of memory after

acute bodily disease-Effects of paralysis on the memory-Loss of certain words,

&c.-Remarkable cases of disordered memory-Effect of a bullet-wound on the

memory--Impairment of memory after epidemics-Paralysis of the memory

caused by intense cold-Effect of the Russian campaign on Buonaparte's memory

-Loss of memory caused by fever-Loss of language-Singular manifestations of

memory prior to death-Effect of apoplexy on the memory-Singular loss of me-

mory, the result of a blow upon the head-Effect of a mental shock on the memory

-Remarkable case of disordered memory-Proximate cause of morbid memory

-Singular cases of defect of memory-Cases of impairment of memory, 388–415

CHAPTER XVI.

PERVERSION AND EXALTATION OF MEMORY.—MEMORY OF

THE INSANE.

Curious cases of perversion of memory-Remarkable case of double personality-
Case of double or divided consciousness-Exaltation of memory a fatal diagnostic
sign-Exaltation of memory in the brain diseases of early life-Improvement of
memory in advanced life often precursory of apoplexy-Cases of exaltation of
memory-Memory of the insane-Shakspeare on the memory of the insane,

CHAPTER XVII.

PSYCHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF MEMORY.

416-426

Destruction, a physical and moral impossibility-Indestructibility of mental impres-

sions-Effects of organic physical changes on the mind-Inexplicable psychical

and physical phenomena-Assimilative power of the blood-Nutrition of the brain

-Is the mind situated in the brain ?—The subject of chemico-cerebral pathology

ought to be more investigated-Phenomena of latent mental impressions-Curious

facts relative to latent light-Indestructible character of ideas-Singular pheno-

mena caused by hanging-Mental phenomena caused by drowning-Curious phe-

nomena manifested at death-Morbid phenomena of language-Knowledge of lan-

guages revived by fever-Curious phenomena observed in somnambulism and

catalepsy-Laws governing the association of ideas-Morbid and sensitive state of

activity of the memory-Physical theory of latent mental impressions-Physical

impediments interfering with thought--The brain compared to a galvanic battery

-Sudden resuscitation of latent ideas-Rapidity of mental action-Cases of loss

of memory, and its sudden restoration-Idiotcy cured by blows upon the head-

Connexion between wit and madness-Dormant nature of mental impressions-

Latent ideas suddenly recalled to consciousness-Loss of speech and conscious-

ness-Sudden arrest of intelligence-Garrick's accurate knowledge of insanity,

how acquired-Morbid fixedness of idea
427-467

CHAPTER XVIII.

MORBID PHENOMENA OF MOTION.

Diagnosis between cerebral and spinal paralysis-General muscular debility-Early

signs of softening of the brain-Partial loss of motor power--Incipient symptoms

of apoplexy and paralysis-Insidious progress of brain disease-Case of brain

disease without impairment of intellect-Muscular tremors symptomatic of brain

disease-Irregular muscular action-Morbid want of muscular co-ordination--

Difficulty of explaining these phenomena-Convulsive action-Obscure types

of nocturnal epilepsy-Loss of memory in epilepsy-Diagnosis of epilepsy-

Premonitory symptoms of epilepsy-Affections of the tongue and muscles of the

mouth-Insidious symptoms of paralysis-Effects of softening of the brain on

the motility-Morbid handwriting-Paralysis agitans-Premonitory symptoms of

paralysis agitans-Loss of sleep-Morbid affections of the spinal cord-Acute

ramollissement of the spinal cord-Peripheral paralysis

CHAPTER XIX.

MORBID PHENOMENA OF SPEECH.

468-496

Cerebral localization of speech-Is loss of speech the result of affections of the
anterior lobes of the brain?-Loss of speech caused by cerebral abscess-Cases of
loss of speech in general paralysis and softening of the cerebellum-Disease of

the corpora olivaria a cause of loss of speech-Morbid impairment of speech-

Irregular impairment of the articulation-Paralysis of ideas in incipient cerebral

disease-Morbid irregularity of speech-Forgetfulness of certain words a symp-

tom of apoplexy-Singular misplacement of words-Cases of curious defect of

articulation-Morbid articulation-Loss of speech a symptom of apoplexy, con-

gestion, and softening-Morbid misuse of words-Singular alterations of speech-

Irregularity and impairment of speech-Diagnostic value of affections of speech

-Symptoms of acute softening-Loss of speech caused by mental distress-

Loss of speech a symptom of epilepsy and apoplexy-Premonitory signs of para-

lysis-Sudden loss of speech-Successful treatment of a case of loss of speech--

Morbid speech following apoplexy-Singular case of mutism caused by a bullet

wound-Perversion of speech the result of a wound on the head-Case of extra-

ordinary perversion of speech-Morbid imitative movements of articulation-The

"echo" symptom of softening of the brain-Involuntary articulation a symptom

of brain disease-Effect of insanity upon the voice-Singular recovery of speech

shortly before death-Alterations of voice symptomatic of insanity. 497-535

CHAPTER XX.

MORBID PHENOMENA OF SENSATION.

Exaltation of sensation-Softening of the spinal cord-Vertigo a symptom of

cerebral disease-Cause of vertigo-Symptoms of epileptic vertigo-Obscure

cases of epilepsy-Diagnosis of epilepsy-Hyperæsthesia of the brain-Cepha-

lalgia generally accompanying cerebral affections-Cerebral headache-Anæs

thesia a symptom of brain disease-Incipient symptoms of apoplexy-Insensi-

bility of the mucous membrane of the conjunctiva in incipient disease of the brain

-Sensation of cold a symptom of apoplexy-Impairment of the sense of taste a

symptom of softening-Sensation of weight and heaviness in the side a symptom

of cerebral softening-Deficient sensibility of the insane-Explanation of the

causes of anesthesia-Impairment of sensibility in incipient general paralysis—

Remarks by Pinel on the insensibility of the insane-Cases of insensibility to

pain among the insane-Insensibility from pre-occupation of mind-Vitiated

sensation symptomatic of cerebral disease
536-559

CHAPTER XXI.

MORBID PHENOMENA OF THE SPECIAL SENSES.

Normal acuteness of the senses-Mental distress caused by certain odours-Mozart's

acuteness of hearing-Acuteness of the sense of touch among the blind-Singular

defects of vision-Inability to distinguish colours symptomatic of brain disease—

Curious cases of error of colour

CHAPTER XXII.

560-564

MORBID PHENOMENA OF VISION, HEARING, TASTE, TOUCH,

AND SMELL.

Impaired and paralysed sight-Defect of vision symptomatic of disease of the
brain-Early signs of cerebral amaurosis-Cephalalgia a symptom of centric
cerebral amaurosis-Value of the ophthalmoscope in detecting obscure diseases of
the eye-Double vision a symptom of disease of the brain-Case of sudden restora-
tion of sight-Loss of sight caused by tumours in the brain-Causes of amau-
rosis-Loss of sight premonitory of apoplexy-Singular case of sudden recovery of
the sense of vision-Importance of the early detection of cerebral disease-Symp
toms of amaurosis dependent upon vascular congestion-Singular case of morbid
derangement of sight-Exaltation of vision premonitory of brain disease-Cases
of morbid exaltation of vision-Spectral illusions-Goethe's power of producing
phantasms-Cases of hyperesthesia of vision connected with disease of the
optic thalamus-Perversion and aberration of sight-Peculiar expression of the

eyes in some forms of brain disease-Incipient symptoms of apoplexy-Derange-

ment of sight premonitory of meningitis, congestion, and cerebral hyperæmia-

Vitiated perception a symptom of apoplexy-Symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage

-Morbid luminous phenomena-Photopsia a symptom of disease of the brain

-Singular phantasmal phenomena-Illusions of sight-Morbid phenomena of

sight-Strabismus symptomatic of disease of the brain-Double vision an im-

portant symptom of cerebral disease-Double vision symptomatic of apoplexy,

paralysis, cerebritis, and meningitis-Morbid phenomena of hearing-Acuteness

of hearing in incipient cerebral affections-Hyperesthesia of hearing a symptom

of insanity-Illusions of the sense of hearing-Murder and suicide caused by

illusions of hearing-Morbid phenomena of taste, touch, and smell-Disordered

state of the taste and smell in incipient insanity-Disordered condition of the

tactile sensibility in incipient paralysis-Exalted tactile sensibility. 565-599

CHAPTER XXIII.

MORBID PHENOMENA OF SLEEP AND DREAMING.

Sleeplessness of incipient insanity-Heavy and drowsy sensation a symptom of

cerebral disorder-Insonnia caused by a severe mental shock-Death from want

of sleep-Pathology of sleeplessness-Case of long-continued sleeplessness-

Sleeplessness in insanity often caused by spectral illusions-Singular illusions

causing sleeplessness-The poet Southey's insanity caused by loss of sleep-

Morbid disposition to excess of sleep-Drowsiness a symptom of apoplexy-

Lethargy a symptom of cerebral disorder induced by renal disorder causing a

retention of urea in the blood-Method of detecting urea in the blood and brain

after death-Morbid drowsiness and excess of sleep-Morbid phenomena of

dreaming-Dreams often symptomatic of disease of the brain-Hallucinations

between sleeping and waking-Morbid dreaming preceding insanity-Insanity

commencing in a dream-Murder committed during sleep
600-617

CHAPTER XXIV.

MORBID PHENOMENA OF ORGANIC AND NUTRITIVE LIFE.

Sympathy between the brain and digestive organs-Case of delirium caused by indi-

gestion-Derangement of the stomach in incipient insanity-Nausea resembling

sea-sickness symptomatic of cerebral tumours and softening of the brain-Influ-

ence of chronic disorders of the digestive organs on the mental impressions during

insanity-Refusal of food by the insane, causes of-Vitiated and depraved appe-

tite of the insane-Embonpoint in chronic insanity-Influence of disorders of the

nervous system upon the functions of nutrition-Morbid phenomena of circulation,

respiration, and generation—Connexion between apoplexy and cardiac disease—

Influence of cardiac disease on the psychical functions of the cerebrum-Hallu-

cinations caused by disease of the heart-State of the pulse in incipient insanity

-Sympathy between the lungs and brain-Post-mortem examination of the lungs

of the insane-Exaltation and impairment of the generative organs. 618-627

CHAPTER XXV.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PATHOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT,

AND PROPHYLAXIS.

Obscurity of the pathology of the brain-Cases illustrating the difficulties attending
the investigation of cerebral pathology-Opinions of celebrated authorities as to the
proximate cause of insanity-Capillary congestion a cause of insanity-Appa-
rently normal condition of the brain often observed after death from acute insanity
-Disordered condition of the psychical co-ordinating principle a cause of insanity
-Pathological phenomena of general paralysis—Softening of the brain and
hemiplegia-Idiopathic ramollissement of the brain-Influence of deposits in the