HEARINGS

BEFORE THE

SELECT COMMITTEE ON

EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

OF THE

UNITED STATES SENATE

NINETY-FIRST CONGRESS

SECOND SESSION

ON

EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

PART 3B-DESEGREGATION UNDER LAW

WASHINGTON, D.C., JUNE 18, 22, 23, 24; JULY 8, 1970

Printed for the use of the Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1970

46-125

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.25

SELECT COMMITTEE ON EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY WALTER F. MONDALE, Minnesota, Chairman

WILLIAM C. SMITH, Staff Director and General Counsel
A. SIDNEY JOHNSON, Deputy Staff Director

Martin, Mrs. Ruby, former Director, Office of Civil Rights, Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare; Lionel McIntyre, New Orleans, La.;
Tyrone Thomas, Mobile, Ala.; Lowanda Lovette, Rocky Mount, N.C.;
Arthur Mae Cohen, Frogmore, S.C.; Anita Kleinpeter, Lake Providence,
La....

MONDAY, JUNE 22, 1970

Mizell, M. Hayes, director, South Carolina community relations program,
American Friends Service Committee, Columbia, S.C., accompanied by
James H. Lanham, community leader, Edgefield, S.C.; Andrew Marisett,
program associate, AFSC South Carolina community relations program,
Frogmore, S.C.; and Miss Janet Wells, program associate, AFSC South
Carolina Community relations program, Aiken, S.C..

TUESDAY, JUNE 23, 1970

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1389

Braddock, G. Holmes, chairman, Dade County School Board, Miami, Fla
Cody, Dr. Wilmer S., superintendent, Chapel Hill, N.C..........

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WEDNESDAY, JUNE 24, 1970

Marsh, Henry, Esq., NAACP Legal Defense Fund, Richmond, Va...
Leventhal, Melvyn, Legal Defense Fund, Jackson, Miss..
Chambers, Julius, NAACP Legal Defense Fund, Charlotte, N.C...
Strickler, George, Lawyers Constitutional Defense Committee, New
Orleans, La..

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WEDNESDAY, JULY 8, 1970

Hill, James, law student, University of South Carolina, accompanied by a panel of three teachers and four students..

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Communications to:

Hon. Edward Brooke, from Guy T. Swain, principal, June 23, 1970__
Lloyd R. Henderson, from Leroy Sneed, June 15, 1970..
Hon. Russell B. Long, from Thelma P. Clement, June 29, 1970__
Hon. Walter F. Mondale, chairman, from Bert E. Bradley, president of
Citizens for Better Schools, Chapel Hill, N.C., July 20, 1970.
Hon. Walter F. Mondale, chairman, from M. Hayes Mizell, director,
South Carolina community relations program, American Friends
Service Committee, June 23, 1970_

Hon. Walter F. Mondale, from C. Walter Shields:
July 17, 1970_.

Page

1370

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1386

1481

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1370

June 22, 1970.

Hon. Walter F. Mondale, from V. J. Colombo, July 16, 1970.

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1383

J. D. O'Quinn, superintendent, Jasper County Schools, from Lloyd D.
Henderson, Education Branch Chief, Office for Civil Rights...
Senators and Congressmen, from Hayes Mizell, June 15, 1970__
C. Robert Shields, Shields-Wyatt Associates, Rocky Mount, N.C.,
from Senator Walter F. Mondale, July 13, 1970__

Miscellaneous articles, publications, etc., entitled:

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1370

Activities of Southern Schools (Southern Nash High School).
A Plan of Action for Total Student Involvement._.

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Background information of black high school students' testimony
before the committee..

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"Edgefield School-Learning Ills Tackled," from the Columbia (S.C.) Record, May 6, 1970__

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Forty questions-forty answers.

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Jasper County (S.C.) plan for integration of schools.

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Letter to the editor of the Columbia (S.C.) Record, from Janet Wells..
Memorandum to parents and citizens of Edgefield County, from Com-

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munity Action for Full Citizenship

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Press reports on school desegregation_

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"Senior High Merger Evaluation Given to Commission," from the Evening Telegram, May 22, 1970.__.

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Statement of facts, by James Long, legal associate, American Friends
Service Committee__

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"Teenage Negroes Describe Difficulties of Integration," from the Raleigh (N.C.) News and Observer, June 1970.

1371

EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

THURSDAY, JUNE 18, 1970

U.S. SENATE,

SELECT COMMITTEE ON

EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY,

Washington, D.C.

The select committee met at 10 o'clock a.m., pursuant to recess, in room 1318, New Senate Office Building, Senator Walter F. Mondale (chairman of the committee) presiding.

Present: Senators Mondale, Randolph, Javits, Brooke, and Hatfield. Staff members present: William C. Smith, staff director and general counsel; A. Sidney Johnson III, deputy staff director; and Michael M. Uhlman, chief minority counsel and staff director.

OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. WALTER F. MONDALE, CHAIRMAN OF THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

Senator MONDALE. The committee will come to order.

This morning we will hear from a panel of high school students from the southern United States. With that panel is Mrs. Ruby Martin, former Director of the Department of HEW, Office of Civil Rights; also Lionel McIntyre, New Orleans, La.; Tyron Thomas, Mobile, Ala., Lowanda Lovette, Rocky Mountain, N.C.; Arthur Mae Cohen, Frogmore, S.C., and Anita Kleinpeter, Lake Providence, La.

Ruby, do you want to open the session?

PANEL

MRS. RUBY MARTIN, FORMER DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS, DEPARTMENT OF HEW; LIONEL MCINTYRE, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA; TYRONE THOMAS, MOBILE, ALABAMA; LOWANDA LOVETTE, ROCKY MOUNT, NORTH CAROLINA; ARTHUR MAE COHEN, FROGMORE, SOUTH CAROLINA; ANITA KLEINPETER, LAKE PROVIDENCE, LOUISIANA

BACKGROUND INFORMATION: BLACK HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' TESTIMONYY BEFORE THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

COMPLIANCE-SEPTEMBER 1970

The 1970-71 school year is the target date for substantial school integration in hard-core Deep-South school systems. September 1970 is the time for "com