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NATURE

A WEEKLY

ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE

VOLUME IX.

NOVEMBER 1873 to APRIL 1874

"To the solid ground
Of Nature trusts the mind that builds for aye."-WORDSWORTH

London and New York:

MACMILLAN AND CO.

1874

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Actino-chemistry, 113

Adelaide; Philosophical Society, 391; University, 17

Admiralty Charts of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans,
289

Adulteration of Food and Drink, 335

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Adulterations of Food," by R. J. Atcherly, Ph.D., 342
Aeronautics in France and Italy, 457
Aeronautic Experiments, 427
Aeronautic Society, Paris, 373

Africa; Count d'Alviella's "Sahara and Lapland," 261;
Fritsch's South African Races," 479; "The Heart of
Africa," by Dr. Georg Schweinfurth, 340 (See Livingstone)
Agassiz (Alex.) Radiata and Echinoderms, 53; Zoological Mu-
seum, Cambridge, Mass., and Zoological School, Penikese,
350

Agassiz (Prof. L.), Obituary Notices of, 121, 130
Agave, Flowering, at Kew, 470

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Apes; "Man and Apes," by St. George Mivart, 180
Aquaria; Brighton, 113, 451; Margate, 249; Central Park,
New York, 243, 272; Liverpool, 272

Arctic Exploration, 17, 35, 37, 91, 97, 138, 240, 241, 272, 372.

66

404, 411

'Argentine Pampas, Excursion to the," by Federico Leybold,

59

Argentine Republic; Flight of Locusts at Cordoba, 230
Cordoba Observatory, 264

Argyll (The Duke of, Pres. G.S.), "Physical Geography of
Argyleshire," 90, 110; Address to Geological Society, 354
Flight of Birds, 381, 403

Arnott (Neil, M.D., F.R.S.), Obituary Notice of, 364
Artistic Representation of Nature, 84
Astronomical Almanacs, 123, 210

Astronomical Society, 55, 136, 229, 415, 475
Astronomical Speculations in Relation to Geology, 388
Astronomy: at Oxford, 52; in the Argentine Republic, 264;
Results of the Polaris Expedition, 404; Celestial Chemistry,
by J. N. Lockyer, F. R.S., 411, 429; Quito University,
France, 428

Atcherley (R. J., Ph.D.), "Adulterations of Food," 342
Atlantic Occan, Admiralty Chart of, 289

Agriculture at Rothamsted, Report on the Growth of Barley, Athenian Text-Books of Science, 298
317

Agriculture and Birds, 232

Agricultural Society, Committee on Potato Disease, 211
Air, Microscopic Examinations of, 330, 439, 485

Airy (Hubert), Microscopic Examination of Air, 330, 439, 485
Aitken (John), Photographing the Transit of Venus, 183
Alaska, Fur Seals, 471

Albany (U.S.) Institute, Transactions, 439

Alcohol, its effects on Warm-blooded Animals (Br. A.), 132; on
Temperature, Pulse, and Respiration, 352

Algiers, French Map of the Coast, 313

Alglave (M.), Prof. of Law, Douai, suspended, 371, 512
Allman (Prof., F.R.S.), Results with the Towing net, South
Coast of Ireland, 73; Royal medal awarded to, 91
Allward (M.), Puy de Dome Observatory, 470
Almanacs, Astronomical, 69, 123, 210
America; Academy of Science, California, 351; Albany Insti-
tute, 439; Bahama Islands, 35; Museums in Brazil, 463;
New York Aquarium, Menagerie, and Museum, 242, 272;
Philadelphia, 116, 196, 256, 356, 435, 452; Baltimore, Aca-
demy of Sciences, 396; Natural History Museum, New York,
9; Association for the Advancement of Science (Portland),
53; Peabody Academy of Science, 151; Alleghany, Cincin
nati, Cordoba Rocky Mountains, and Washington Observa-
tories, 93, 264, 313, 332, 394, 512; The Hoosac Tunnel,
170; Fluctuations in Lakes, 504; Exploring Expeditions,
192, 391; "North American Birds," 498; Academy of
Science, St. Louis, 499; Scientific Enterprise, 243; Acri-
dide of North America," by Cyrus Thomas, Ph.D., 299;
Weather Reports for September 1872, 299; Exploration of
the Amazons, 315; Cambridge (Mass.) Zoological Museum,
Penikese Zoological School, 350; Dr. Hayden's Survey, 452;
Harvard's University, Exposition at Philadelphia, 452;
Andrews (Dr., F.R.S.), Ozone, 347, 364

Animal Locomotion, by Dr. J. B. Pettigrew, F.R.S., 221, 260,
301, 381, 403, 422, 440

"Animal Mechanics, Principles of," by the Rev. S. Haughton,
F.R.S., 239

Anthropological Institute, 56, 95, 156, 195, 235, 275, 315, 354,
395, 434, 470, 495

Anthropological Society, The London, 95, 156

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Atmosphere; Prof. Tyndall on its Acoustic Transparency and
Opacity, 251, 267

Atmospheric Refraction and the Setting Sun, 20
Atmospheric Telegraph, 64, 83, 105

"Attraction, Mathematical Theories of," by J. Todhunter,
M. A., F. R.S., 378, 399

Auroral Display, near Whitehaven, 303

Austria, Science in, 181, 184, 411 (See Vienna)

Australia; Adelaide University, 17; Ballarat School of Mines,
229; Magnetic Iron, 171; Sydney Museum, 249; Abori-
ginal Artists, 322; Exploration in Western Australia, 331;
in Queensland, 331; Botany of Brisbane, 452
"Axiom," The Word, 462

Axioms, Physical, 402, 420, 421, 461, 477, 484, 499
Axolotls Hatched at Brighton Aquarium, 451

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Bastian (Dr. H. C.), Bacteria and Spontaneous Generation, 421,
482

Anthropology; the Todas of South India, 99; Remains of Beech pierced by a Thorn Plant, 441, 463
Petrarch, 171

Ants, Leaf-cutting, 219; Recent Researches on, 308

Bee-keeping, 193

Bees, Power of Memory in, 484

65293

Bees, Recent Researches on, 308; Habits of, by Sir John Lub-
bock, Bart., F. R.S., 408; Visiting Flowers, 189
Beeton's "Science, Art, and Literature," 201
Beke (Dr.), Site of the true Mount Sinai, 312
Belfast, Naturalists' Field Club, 4; Queen's College, 350
Belgium, Academy of Sciences, 33, 394; Horticultural Society,
71; Science, 174, 428, 452, 453, 493

Bell (Alfred), Murchison Fund presented to, 354
Bell (Thomas, F. R.S.), British Quadrupeds," 437

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Belt, (Thos., F.G.S.), "The Naturalist in Nicaragua," 218,
469
Bennett (A. W., F.L.S.), "How Flowers are Fertilised," 54;
Use of Terms in Cryptogamic Botany, 323; Fertilisation of
Fumariaceæ, 484; Pollen-grains in the Air, 485
Bentham (Geo.), Address on Inauguration of Linnean Society's
Rooms, 30; his Resignation of the Presidency, 282, 331
Berkeley (Rev. M. J., F. L.S.), Potato Disease, 183; Weber-
bauer's "Fungi of North Germany," 200

Bermuda, Botany of, 369

Berthelot (M.), New Remarks on the Chemical Elements, 231
Biblical Archæology, Society of, 116, 215, 376, 476
Bickmore (A. L., Ph.D.), Natural History Museum, New
York, 9

Bigsby (Dr. J. J., F.R.S.), Murchison Medal awarded to, 353
Binz (Prof.), Effects of Alcohol on Warm-blooded Animals
(Br. A.), 132

Biology, Elementary, 43

Birds and Agriculture, 232

Birds, Flight of; 5, 221, 242, 260, 301, 381, 390, 403, 422,

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391

Botany; Botanic Garden, Cambridge, 427; Botanical Collec-
tions, British Museum and Kew; Report of Science Com-
mission, 397; Botanical Society, Edinburgh, 216; Journal of
Botany, 314 474; "Botany of the Bible," by Frédéric Ham-
il on, 101; Botany of Bermuda, 369; Botany of the Challenger,
450, 485; Results of the Polaris Expedition, 405; "Botany,
Technical," by Dr. Julius Wiesner, 342; "Lindley's Treasury
of, Botany," by Dr. Lindley (new ed.) 300, 344; Vine
Disease, 427; Botany of Brisbane, 452; of Haarlem and
Carlsruhe, 428

Bradley (S. M., F.R.S.), "Comparative Anatomy and Physi-
ology," 120

Brain, Localisation of Cerebral Functions, 131
Brazil, National Museums in, 463

Bremen, Agricultural Exhibition, 373

Brewer (W. H.), Herbert Spencer's

Sociology," 477

Buffaloes slaughtered for their Hides, 373

Brighton Aquarium, 113, 451

Brisbane, Botany, 452

British Association; Report of Committee on Units, 18; Brad-
ford Meeting, 34; Arctic Exploration, 37

British Museum, its Administration, 1, 26, 53, 103, 114, 272,
277, 427, 512; Report of Science Commission, 397, 410
Brodie (Sir B. C. Bart., F.R.S.), Induction Tube of W.
Siemens, 308; Synthesis of Formic Aldehyde, 315
Brontotheridæ," a new family of Fossil Mammals, 227
Broun (J. A., F.R.S.), Sun Spots and Terrestrial Magnetism,
154

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Brown (Robt., M.A., Ph.D.), "The Races of Mankind," 279
Brown Institution, Lectures by Dr. Burdon Sanderson, 92
Brunton (Dr.), Effects of Alcohol on Warm-blooded Animals
(Br. A.), 132; Poison of Indian Snakes, 294

Buchan (Alex.), Simultaneous Meteorological Observations,
343

Buck (E. C.), Optical Phenomenon, 183

Budd (W., M.D., F.R.S)., "Typhoid Fever,” 280
Buller (Dr. Walker L.), Rallus modestus, 5

Busk (Prof. Geo., F.R.S.), Human bone in the Settle Cave, 14,
70, 156

California, Academy of Sciences, 351

Callard (T. K.), Stalagmitic Deposits, 171

Calvert (Dr. Crace, F.R.S.), Obituary Notice of, 16
Cambridge; Science at, 16, 33, 53, 71, 92, 131, 151, 171, 272,
292, 350, 372, 411, 427, 511; Scholarships and Examinations
for Natural Science, 209; Cavendish Laboratory, Jesus Col-
lege, 410; Philosophical Society, 96; Ornithological Collec-
tion, 312; Rede Lecturer, Sir Samuel Baker, 229; Physiology,
297; Natural Science Club, 213

Cambridge (U.S.) Zoological Museum, 389

Cameron (Lieut.), African Search Expedition, 318, 363
Canadian Geological Survey, 213

Carpenter (Dr. W. B., F.R.S.), Ocean Currents, 423; Swiney
Lectures, 590; Eozoon canadense, 491

Carpenter (Dr. W. Lant), Specific Gravity of Sea-water,

282

Carpenter (Jas., F.R. A.S.), "The Moon, as a Planet, a World,
and a Satellite," 358

Carrier Pigeons utilised in Paris, 373

Casella (Louis P.), Casella-Miller Thermometer, 5, 41, 62,

102

Caspian Sea, Fish of the, 171

Cathcart (Lord), his Prize for Essays on Potato Disease, 161
Cavendish Laboratory, Jesus College, Cambridge, 410
Cave at Settle, Human Remains, 14, 70, 156
Cave at St. Asaph, 156

Celestial Chemistry, J. N. Lockyer, F.R.S., on, 411, 429
Cephalopoda, Gigantic, 332, 430; Ink of the Cuttle-fish, 363
Cerebral Functions, Localisation of the, 131

Challenger Expedition; Notes from the, 92, 182, 304, 410, 423;
Botany of Bermuda, 369; of Fernando Noronha, 388; of St.
Vincent and Cape de Verde Islands, 450; of Tristan
d'Acunha, 485

Chambers (Coote M.), Stick-fish and Habits of Sea-pens, 13
Charter House, Science Lecture at, 247

Chemistry: "Chemical Analysis, Quantitative," by T. E. Thorpe,
Ph.D., 26; New Remarks on Chemical Elements, 231; Che-
mical Equilibrium, 195; Chemical Society, 32, 36, 76, 115, 155,
235, 295, 335, 375, 415, 455, 494; Journal, Abstracts of
Original Foreign Papers, 377; "Analytical Chemistry," by
Pink and Webster, 278; Celestial Chemistry, by J. N.
Lockyer, F.R.S., 411, 429; "Elements of Chemistry," by
W. A. Miller, M.D., LL.D., 380; Industrial Chemistry,
370; "Inorganic Chemistry," by R. Meldola, 280; "Intro-
duction to Chemistry," by Rev. A. Rigg, 342; Practical
Continental Chemistry, 113; Text Book by M. Chrestomanos,
Athens, 298; "Laboratory Guide," by A. H. Church, M. A.,
420

Cheshire, Ornithology of, 132

Chisholm (H. W.), Weighing and Measuring, and Standards of
Weight and Measure, 47, 87; Ancient Egyptian Balances,
122; Lavoisier's Work in the foundation of the Metric System,
185

Chisholm (Mrs.), "Perils in the Polar Seas," 241
Chrestomanos (Prof.); "Text-Book of Chemistry," 298
Christie (A. C.), Lakes with two Outfalls, 485, 500

Chudleigh (Augustine), Garrod's Theory of Nerve Force, 163
Church (Arthur Herbert, M. A.), "The Laboratory Guide,"

420

Cincinnati Observatory, 93

Civil Engineers, Institution of, 17, 135, 172, 355
Clark (J. Edmund), Meteor Shower at Heidelberg, 143
Clarke (W. Bruce), Stalagmitic Deposits, 171

Clerk-Maxwell (Prof.), his Laboratory at Cambridge, 297
Clifton College Scientific Society, 391
Climate of Scotland, Change in the, 72, 156

Clock, Electrical, for London, 351

"Clouds, Classification of," by Prof. A. Poey, 163

Coal, Appliances for its Economic Consumption, 272

Cobbold (г. S., F.R.S.), "Internal Parasites of Domesticated
Animals," 4

Cold Treatment of Gases, 42
College of Physicians, 16
College of Surgeons, 54, 397

Comber (T.), Fertilisation of Fumariaceæ, 484

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Comets, New, 72, 92, 331, 491

Comets; Orbits, 229; Spectra, 193

46

Dundee; Chamber of Commerce and Arctic Exploration, 37;
Albert Institute, 72; Science in, 152, 453
Durham, Natural History Transactions, 351

Comparative Anatomy and Physiology," by S. M. Bradley, Duppa (B. F., F.R.S.), Obituary Notice of, 33

Connecticut Academy, 336

F.R.C.S., 120

Conservation of Energy, 198

Conchology, Bequest to Cambridge University, 92
"Constants of Nature," by Prof. F. W. Clark, 391
Convection Currents, Heating of Fluids by, 247

Cooke (G. W.), Vivisection, 202

Cooper (T. T., F.R.G.S.), "The Mishmee Hills," 438
Cope (Prof.), Fossil Mammals in Colorado, 294

Cordoba, Swarm of Locusts, 230; Observatory, 264
Corinth, Canal through the Isthmus, 172

Cowan (T. W.), Wealden Fossils, 241

Crewe Mechanics' Institution, Science Lectures for the People,
249

Croll (-), Ocean Currents, 423

Cryptogamic Botany, Use of Terms, 203, 323

Cuckoo and young Pipit, 123

Culley (R. S.), Atmospheric Telegraphy, 83; Telegraphing Ex-
traordinary, 242

Cunningham (D. Douglas, M.B.), Microscopic Examinations of
Air, 330

Currents; their Effect on Temperature, 213; Laughton's "Phy-
sical Geography in Relation to Winds and Currents;'
Jordan on "The Ocean, its Tides and Currents," 238
Curry (John), Stalagmitic Deposits, 122, 171
Cuttle-fish, 363; Gigantic, at Newfoundland, 382, 403
Cyclones: Notes on, by Mr. Meldrum, 213; Theory of, 221
Czermak (Johann Nepomuk), Obituary Notice of, 63

"Dahomey as it is," by J. A. Skertchley, 460
D'Albertis' (L. M.), Discoveries in New Guinea, 482, 490
D'Alviella (Count G.), "Lapland and Sahara," 261
Darwin (Chas., F. R.S.), Recent Researches on Termites and
Bees, 308; Fertilisation of the Fumariaceæ, 460; Primroses
destroyed by Birds, 482

"Darwin on Expression, Reviewed," by Alex. Bain, LL.D., 2
Darwinism; Barraude on Trilobites, 261

Darwin (Francis), Bees visiting Flowers, 189

Dyer (Prof. Thiselton), Flowers of the Primrose destroyed by
Birds, 509

Dynamical Units, 18

Dysteology and Natural Selection, 361

Earth (The), its Rigidity, 103; Shrinking and Terrestrial
Magnetism, 201

Earth-Sculpture, by Prof. A. Geikie, F.R.S., 50, 89, 110
Earthquakes; Turkey, Guatemala, 18; Asia Minor, San
Salvador, 92; Turkey, Anatolia, Lima, 152; Argyleshire,
242; Asia Minor, European Turkey, 249; New Guinea, 263 ;
Algeria. 451; St. Thomas, 483

Echo at Maidenhead, 242

Echoes, Harmonic, 6

Eclipse of 1871, Dutch Photographs of, 61; 102
Ecuador, University of Quito, 428

Edinburgh Botanical Society, 72, 216; Geological Society,
50, 87, 295, 376, 495; Museum of Science and Art, 34, 70,
131; Royal Physical Society, 275, 395, 476, 516; Royal
Society, 96, 104, 195, 255, 316, 347, 355, 470; Scottish
Meteorological Society, 335, 346; University, 53, 389, 451,
457, 501; Lectures by Prof. Tait, 312

Education: Female, 471; Medical, 21; Necessity for a Minister
of, 271, 294; Workmen in Vienna, 17, in Germany and
England, 217, in Sweden and Chili, 152; Prof. Tait on
"Cram," 501

Egerton (Sir P. de M. Grey, Bart., F. R.S.), Letter to him from
Prof. L. Agassiz, 121

Eggs of Siluroid Fishes, 272
Egyptian Balances, Ancient, 122

Electricity; Electric Clocks, 193, 351; Silent Electrical Dis-
charges, 244, 308; Electric Experiment, 422; Electrical
Phenomena in the leaf of Dionæà muscipula, 75; Electrical
Units, 18; Siemens' Induction Tube, 308; Electro-torsion,
215

Elevation of Mountains, 61

Ellis (A. J., F.R.S.), Algebraical Analogues of Logical Rela-
tions, 75

Dawkins (W. Boyd, F.R.S.), Northern Range of the Basques, Ellis (George E.), "Life of Count Rumford," 117
336

Dawkins (Geo.), Rainbow and its Reflection, 322
Dawkins (Geo. M., F.R.S.), Lakes with two Outfalls, 363

Dawson, (G. M.), Fluctuations of American Lakes, and Deve-
lopment of Sun-spots, 504

Dawson (J. W., LL.D., F.R.S.), "Story of the Earth and
Man," 180

Day (Surgeon-Major, F., F.Z.S.), "Freshwater Fish of India
and Burmah," 159

Death, method of recognising, 171 -

De Candolle (M.), Medal Awarded to, 71

Deep-Sea Fauna, 15

Deep-Sea Soundings, 41, 150

Deep-Sea Temperature, 41, 62, 102, 387, 423, 445

Devonshire (The Duke of), Gift of Physical Laboratory to Cam-
bridge University, 511

Deer, Prince Alfred's, Cervus alfredi, 390

De la Rue (Dr. Warren, F.R.S.), Gift of Astronomical Appa-
ratus to Oxford University, 52, 91, 136

De la Rive (Prof. A.), Obituary Notice of, 143
Denning (W. F.), Shooting Star, 463

Derby (The Earl of, K.G.), Industry and Science, 217, 237,
271, 277

Deville (C. S.), Weather Prognostications, 445, 470

Endowment of Research, 71, 237, 272, 277, 337, 398
Equilibrium of Temperature of Gaseous Columns subjected to
Gravity, 27

Ethnology; Ethnological Museum at Royal Albert Hall, 170;
Tribes of Bengal, 233; Dr. Maclay's Researches among the
Papuans, 328;~ Living Individuals of the Akka tribes, 231;
Fritsch's South African Races," 479

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Entomology: Killing of Specimens, 162; Ants, 219; Bees,
189, 308, 408; “Our Common Insects,” 498; Entomological
Society, 95, 136, 255, 335, 354, 375, 416, 475 (See Fertilisation
of Flowers by Insects)

Evapometer, Automatic, Prof. Hough's, 250

Everett (A. H.), Denudation of Limestone Hills of Sarawak,
162

Evolution applied to the Chemical Elements, 6

"Evolution of Living Things," by Rev. G. Henslow, 41
Experiments; Electric, 422; Experimental Illustrations, 323
Extermination of Marine Mammalia, 112

"Extinct Vertebrate Fauna of the United States," by Pro'.
J. Leidy, 418

Famine in India, and Meteorology, 222

Faye's Theory of Sun Spots, 254

Fayrer (Dr.), Poison of Indian Snakes, 294

Dewar (Mr. J. and Dr. McKendrick), Physiological Action of Female Education, 471
Ozone, 104

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Fenland Meteorological Circular, 391
Fernanda Noronha, Botany of, 388

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