Public buildings, appropriations by Congress
for, in Minnesota territory, 43; state loans
for buildings of, 191, 245 (C.9:14a)
Public credit, see Credit

Public funds, not to be used for religious pur-
poses, 118, 184, 210(C.1:16), 234(C.8:3);
investment of certain, 181-83, 218-19
(C.4:32b), 233-36 (C.8:2,5,6); provisions

as to safe-keeping of, 190-91, 241 (C.9:8,9),
244 (C.9:12); provided for trunk highway
system, 263-64 (C.16:2,3,4)

Public lands, national, states not to tax or
interfere with sale of, 10, 34, 64-65, 163,
212 (C.2:3); state, reforestation of, 183-84.
See also Land grant, Schools, University,
Swamp lands

Public safety, of primary importance, 158-59
Public trial, 159-60

Public waters, ore under, 196, 248
Pugh, Senator, from Ohio, 139

Railroad from Chicago to Rock Island, 43
Railroad bond amendment, 133, 135-36, 168,
185-87, 237 (C.9:[2]), 241-43 (C.9:10)
Railroads, need of in 1855-57, 46; hope of
land grant for, 46; rival plans for system
of, 46, 47; delegations in Washington to
obtain land grant for, 52; railroads and
statehood, 53; Rice's plan for railroad
land grant, 54-55; passage of railroad land
grant, 59-60; special session of legislative
assembly to dispose of lands, 65-66; local
and municipal aid for, 191, 245-46
(C.9:14b,15); liability of stockholders of,
196. See also Railroad bond amendment
Railroads, taxation of, see Gross earnings tax
Ramsey, Alexander, appointed first governor

of Minnesota territory, 31; his arrival in
Minnesota, 31; politics of, 35-36, 38, 40;
mentioned, 33

Ramsey, Justus, 74

Recall, proposed amendment as to, 181, 232
Redress of wrongs, 209(C.1:8)
Red River of the North, 162

Red river valley, British claim to, 5-6; be-
comes American territory, 8-9; character
of, 44

Referendum, Republican belief in, 89; right
of proposed, 119; provisions of constitution
requiring, 218 (C.4:32a), 218-19 (C.4:32b),
237 (C.9:[2]). See also Initiative and
referendum

Removal of officers, see Impeachment and re-
moval of officers

Religion, see Freedom of religious worship
Religious tests forbidden, 118, 210-11 (C.1:17)
Representation, basis of in legislature, 165-66
Representatives, state, see Legislature
Republican form of state government, required
by Northwest Ordinance, 11; relation to
intelligence and schools, 232 (C.8:1)
Republican party, in the territory, 37-41;
growth of in southern Minnesota, 45-46;
in 1856 legislature, 50; in 1857 legislature,
68; handicapped in election of constitu-
tional convention, 70-71; activity of before
election of delegates, 71-73; success of in
election, 75-77; negotiations with Demo-
crats, 78-79; all-night vigil of Republican
delegates, 79; proceedings of Republican
delegates on first day, 79-82; position
taken on seating of delegates, 83-85, 91;
proceedings on second day and thereafter,
85-86; satisfied with the constitution, 115;
in election of October 13, 1857, 133-34.
See also Republican wing of convention
Republican wing of constitutional convention,
proceedings on first day, 79-82; proceed-
ings on second day, 85-86; analysis of
membership, 87-88; procedure of, 88-89;
inexperience and radicalism of members
of, 89-90; debates of, 91, 92; approves
plan of compromise, 94-95; negotiates with
Democratic wing, 95-97; receives and
adopts compromise constitution, 101, 104;
closes its work, 106-10; payment to members
of refused, 107-8; debates cited, 111; con-
tributions to original constitution reviewed,
115-32; attitude toward tri-city agreement,

Rights and privileges of the people, 208 (C.1:2),

210(C.1:16)

Rights of way, 127, 249 (C.10:4)

Road and bridge amendment (1906), litigation
as to adoption of, 153-54

Road and bridge fund, see Highways
Robbins, N. B., Jr., 104, 113
Robert, Louis, 22

Rolette, Joseph, favored east-and-west line in
1856, 46, 49, 54; opposes east- and west-
group on capital removal, 58-59

Root river, 52

Rules, of legislature, 213 (C.4:4)

Rum river, 19

Russell, R. P., 77

Sabotage, 158

St. Anthony, 38, 41, 45, 46, 55, 70, 73, 77, 125

St. Anthony Express, newspaper, 77

St. Croix river, 17, 19, 20, 44, 161-62

St. Croix valley, attempts to separate from
Wisconsin, 17-20, 21

St. Louis river, 17, 19, 20, 161-62

St. Paul, city of, 17, 19, 22; in 1849, 31; 38,
41, 45, 49, 53, 55, 70, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79,
125, 131, 251; influential position of in
territorial period, 45; plans of St. Paul
leaders as to statehood and railroads, 46;
plans of east-and-west group to destroy
its hegemony, 47, 53

St. Paul Advertiser, newspaper, 73
St. Paul Times, newspaper, 84

St. Peter, city of, 41, 53, 58, 59, 70, 133; hope
of being capital, 47, 49; attempt to remove
capital to, 58-59

St. Peter Company, relation of, to east-and-
west line plans, 49

Salaries, of original state officers, 121-22; of
present executive officers, 225 (C.5:5,6)
Sauk Rapids, 22

Schedule, struggle over provisions of, in con-
ference committee, 101-3, 131; in conven-
tions, 104-6; provisions of, as to adoption
of constitution, 133-34; purpose and effect
of, 203; text of, 265-69

School districts, empowered to borrow state
funds, 182-83, 234-36 (C.8:5,6)
School funds, see Schools

School lands, see Schools

Schools, pioneers exhorted by Northwest Ordi-
nance to maintain, 10; lands reserved for,
by organic act, 35; hope of land grant for,
56; land grant for, provided in enabling
act, 64; original provisions of constitution
as to, 124-25; proposal to prohibit use
of state school funds by religious sects,

Schools (continued)

124; state versus township control of
funds, 124-25; amendments to constitution
as to, 181-84; amendment as to investment
of school funds, 181-82; other amendments
upon this subject, 182-83; investment of
funds in farm mortgages, 183; reforesta
tion of school lands, 183-84; provisions of
constitution as to, 232-36 (C.8:1-7); impor.
tance of, 232 (C.8:1); provisions as to
school lands and funds, 233-36 (C.8:2,3,
5,6); mentioned, 118, 121, 179,
231-32 (C.7:8)

Seal of state, 252 (C.15:4)

219,

Sessions, daily, of Republican wing of conven-
tion, 88, 89

Sessions, of territorial legislative assembly, 34;
of legislature, 119-20, 165

Setzer, Henry N., 94, 95, 97, 98, 105-6
"Seven senator" proposal, 166, 213

Seward, Senator, from New York, 61, 139
Sherburne, Moses, 80, 113, 115; proposes com-

promise, 92-94, 95, 96, 97; appointed to
compromise committee, 97; reports a com-
promise constitution, 101, 103
Sherman, John, 136, n., 139

Shields, James, General, 52; elected United
States senator, 135; applies for his seat,
137
Ship-building and ship-owning companies, taxa-
tion of, 189

Sibley, Henry H., elected delegate from un-
organized territory in 1848, 22-24; incon-
sistencies in his position, 25; seated as
delegate by House of Representatives,
25-26; labors successfully to have territory
of Minnesota established, 28-30; politics
of, 35, 36; mentioned, 13, 22, 31, 32, 74,
88, 95, 96, 107, 109, III, 112, 124,
125, 136, 140, 174

Signature of laws, 120, 214 (C.4:11), 216
(C.4:21,22)

Signers of the constitution, 109, 276-77

Slavery, forbidden by Northwest Ordinance,
10; excluded from all parts of Minnesota,
11; slavery issue and birth of Republican
party, 37-40; prohibited by constitution,
208 (C.1:2)

Sleeping car companies, taxation of, 188-89, 239
Smith v. Webb, 188

Soldiers' bonus case, 177

Sources of constitution, whether Republican or
Democratic, 103-4, 115-31; other constitu-
tions from which drawn, 131, n.

South, opposed to creation of more northern
states, 29

South Dakota, 32, 162

Southern Minnesota, see Minnesota west
Sovereignty, nature of, 2

Spain, claims of in Minnesota country, 5;
acquires Louisiana territory from France,
6; re-cedes it to France, 8

Special assessments, power to levy, 187-88, 190,
238, 240 (C.9:1)

Special legislation, for creation of private cor-
porations forbidden, 126; prohibition ex-
tended to other subjects in 1881, 169; and
again extended in 1892, 170; these pro-
hibitions did not really prohibit, 169, 170;
as to county lines and county seats, 198;
provisions of constitution as to, 219-20
(C.4:33,34)

Speech, see Freedom of speech

Spunk creek, 22

Squatter sovereignty, 49, 57

Stacy, E. C., 94

Standing army, prohibited in time of peace,
210 (C.1:14)

Stannard, L. K., appointed to compromise
committee, 95

Stanton, Edwin M., 71

State ex rel. Childs v. Board of Co. Comm'rs
of Crow Wing County, 198

State ex rel. Childs v. Pioneer Press Co., 198
State ex rel. Clapp v. Peterson, 200

State ex rel. Co. Treas. of Mille Lacs Co. v.
Dike, 164

State ex rel. Hahn v. Young, 168, 187

State ex rel. Johnson v. Becht, 160
State ex rel. Hart v. City of Duluth, 199
State ex rel. Kinsella v. Eberhart, 164, 200
State ex rel. Luley v. Simons, 164

State ex rel. Madigan v. Wagener, 160, 198
State ex rel. Meighen v. Weatherill, 166
State ex rel. Olson v. Scott, 113

State ex rel. Railroad and Warehouse Comm'rs
v. Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Ry.
Co., 164

State ex rel. Robertson v. New England Furni-
ture and Carpet Co., 160

State ex rel. Simpson v. Mankato, 163, 171
State ex rel. Slipp v. McFadden, 198

State ex rel. Thompson v. Whitcomb, 164, 200
State ex rel. Tuttle v. Braden, 164
State ex rel. Young v. Brill, 164
State v. Benson, 156

State v. Bishop Seabury Mission, 113
State v. Brooks, 150, n.

State v. Callahan, 160

State v. Freerks, 159

State v. George, 162

State v. Gilbert, 159

State v. Great Northern Ry. Co., 164
State v. Harris, 156
State v. Holm, 158
State v. Jensen, 157
State v. Marciniak, 160
State v. McBride, 148, n.
State v. Moilen, 158

State v. Pioneer Press Co., 158
State v. Swift, 150, n.

State v. Townley, 159

Stearns v. Minnesota, 146, n., 163
Stinson v. Smith, 187

State government set up, 140-41
Statehood, promise of, in Northwest Ordinance,
9-11; nature of movement for in Minne-
sota, 42-43; attitude of Congress as to, 43;
favorable sentiment among people, 43-44;
Gorman advises delay in 1856, 47, 49;
convention proposed, 49; little agitation
for, in 1856, 50-51; Rice's plans for, 52-55;
statehood and railroad question, 53; argu-
ments for statehood expressed by Gorman,
56-57; passage of enabling act, 59-63; sub-
stance of enabling act, 63-65, 88; statehood
finally accomplished, 136-41; when did
Minnesota become a state?, 141-43

State prison, see Prison
State seal, 252 (C.15:4)
States, nature and extent of powers of, 1-2;
and modern demands for social legisla-
tion, 2

Status, of Minnesota, 1848-49, 23-28; 1857-58,
141-43

Stephens, Alexander H., 137, 139
Stevens, John H., 91, 108

Suffrage, woman, 179-80, 231-32 (C.7:8)
Suffrage requirements, under the organic act,
32; in the territories generally, 32, n.;
for the election of delegates to the con-
stitutional convention, 73; Republican
proposal as to negro suffrage, 99-100; re-
ligious and property tests prohibited, 118;
original provisions of constitution as to,
123-24; brief history of in Minnesota, 177-
78; approval of negro suffrage, 178-79;
partial enfranchisement of women, 179;
the federal woman suffrage amendment,
179-80; aliens denied suffrage, 180; prop-
erty and religious tests forbidden, 210-11
(C.1:17); exclusion from right of, 215
(C.4:15); provisions of constitution as to,
229-32 (C.7:1-9); special disqualifications,
231 (C.7:2); residence, rules as to, 229-31
(C.7:1,3,4). See also Suffrage, alien;
Suffrage, negro; Suffrage, woman
Superintendent of public instruction, Republi-
can proposals as to, 121

Superior, proposed state of, 19
Supreme court, clerk of, 122, 226(C.6:2);
commissioners of, 176; power to declare
statutes unconstitutional, 176-77; organiza-
tion and jurisdiction of, 226 (C.6:2);
election and terms of justices, 177, 227
(C.6:3); qualifications and salaries, 228
(C.6:6); vacancies in, 229 (C.6:10); in-
compatible offices, 229 (C.6:11)

Swamp land fund, 183, 233 (C.8:2)
Swedish settlement in Chisago county, politics

of, 40

Taxation, original provisions of constitution as
to, 125, 163; gross earnings tax amend-
ment, 167; basis and methods of, 187-90,
237-40 (C.9:1-[4]); by special assessments,
187-88, 238, 240(C.9:1); of banks, 188,
237 (C.9:[4]), 238; of large corporations,

Taxation (continued)

188-89; of products of mines, 188; of in-
heritances, 188-89, 238-39 (C.9:1); "wide
open tax amendment," 189-90, 240 (C.9:1);
of dogs, proposed, 195; of motor vehicles
for trunk highway fund, 202, 263-64
(C.16:2,3,4); for support of schools, 234
(C.8:3); exemptions from, 237(C.9:[3]),
240(C.9:1); of money, credits, and banks,
237 (C.9:[3,4]); to pay railroad bonds, 237
(C.9:[2]); for road and bridge fund, 246-
48 (C.9:16); for trunk highway system,
263-64 (C.16:2,3.4). See also Gross earn-
ings tax

Taxation of federal lands, by states, forbidden
by Northwest Ordinance, 10; of non-resi-
dents not to be at higher rate, 10; similar
provisions in organic act, 34; similar pro-
visions in enabling act, 64-65; in constitu-
tion, 163, 212 (C.2:3)

Taylor, James Wickes, views on constitutional
questions noted, 72, n.

Taylor, Joshua L., 22
Taylor, William H., 97, 105
Taylor, Zachary, 29, 31
Taylor v. Taylor, 112

Telegraph companies, taxation of, 188-89, 239
Telephone companies, taxation of, 188-89, 239
Tenvoorde, John W., 97

Territorial act providing for expenses of con-
stitutional convention, passage of, 65-67;
validity of, 67-68, 84-85; text of, 299
"Territorial Party," 35, 36

Territories of U. S., right of representation
in Congress, 26, 27

Territory of Minnesota, see

Minnesota, his-

tory of
Thompson, C. W., 58, n.
Thompson, Richard W., 26
Thwaites, Reuben Gold, 20
Tonnage tax, 188-89, 238
Townships, original provisions of constitution
as to, 127; empowered to borrow state
funds, 182, 235-36 (C.8:6); limit on power
of, to aid railroads, 191, 245-46 (C.9:14b,
15): article of constitution relating to,
197-98, 249-50(C.11:3-6)

Transition to statehood, 133-43
Transitory provisions, 265-69 (Schedule)
Treason, pardons for possible, 175; definition
of and conviction for, 209(C.1:9)
Treasurer, publication of reports by, 195, 244
(C.9:11); duties of, 218 (C.4:32b); men-
tioned, 223 (C.5:1), 224 (C.5:4),
225
(C.5:5), 234(C.8:5), 250(C.13:1)
Treaty of 1803, for purchase of Louisiana ter-
ritory from France, 8 and n.
Treaty of San Ildefonso, 1800, 8