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Tauler's theory of the will, and of grace, but a more full exposition of his theory would make these passages far more luminous. "It is true," he says, on page 331, "that we can do no good thing without God's ordinary influence, except we make progress by means of a special influence from the Holy Spirit; yet, at the same time, man may do his part, inasmuch as his will has power to withstand the offers of the Holy Spirit, and to cleave to his own way. God does not justify a man without his own free will," etc. In his Preface Mr. Kingsley asserts "that Tauler's Sermons need no comment whatever;" pp. 21 and 11. But, in our opinion, few sermons have more need of comment, and no edition of his popular discourses can be scholarly and complete, which does not illuminate many of his fragmentary statements, with references to his guiding philosophy. Students may detect the fallacy of his assertions, or comprehend their truthfulness, while the uneducated will be bewildered or misled by them, unless they be refuted or elucidated by a commentator. For instance, on pages 358, 339 Tauler remarks: The Heavenly Father gave himself as truly unto his disciples as they had given themselves unto Him.' God's will, with them, went no further than their own wills.' Though all the disciples were set free of self, yet one turned to God with warmer love and stronger desire than another.' 'Wherefore God gave himself more to one than to another, though all with like sincerity turned to Him!' It is true, nevertheless, that on this matter much must be ascribed to the sovereign will of God, who giveth to every man as He will.' Ought not such indefinite assertions of this mystical author to be explained, and compared with the definite question of the Apostle : "Who maketh thee to differ from

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On page 288 Tauler asserts: "The highest angels do indeed, in many respects, resemble the temple of a noble soul; yet not wholly, for there is some measure, a certain bound, set to their similarity to it in knowledge and love, beyond which they cannot pass; but the soul is ever able to advance so long as it is in time. For if the soul of a man, yet living in this present state, were on a level with the highest angel, the man could yet, by virtue of his free self-determination, outstrip the angel at every successive moment, without count, that is to say, without mode, and above the mode of the angels, and all created reason." But how does the "full self-determination of man" differ from that of an angel? Who knows? And how does man's superiority to angels depend on man's freedom? Such remarks as the above may suggest, unless they be explained, some injurious fancies to untrained students.

On pages 285, 286 Tauler remarks: "The man who is united with God performs his good works without any wherefore—that is without any regard to himself to the glory of God only." "So long as a man, in any of his works, is seeking or desiring anything that God has to give, or will give hereafter, he is like the traffickers in the temple.'" Many such expressions are made by Tauler, and seem at first view, to disparage the piety of

Moses, who "had respect unto the recompense of reward," and also the piety of the Redeemer himself, who endured the cross "for the joy that was set before him." Tauler's remarks are indiscriminate, undistinguishing; his editors ought to point out the distinction between "a supreme” regard to one's personal interests, and "any" regard to them; between a well balanced, well proportioned desire of reward, and an ill balanced, disproportioned, excessive desire of it. The whole style of modern theology suffers from loose methods of speech on this topic. Indefiniteness is the chief bane of theological literature at the present time.

Up and down, throughout this volume, are found remarkable passages, for the popular influence of which some critical annotations would be important; see pages 141, 144, 150. Still the hearty thanks of the community are due to the accomplished Translator of the volume, and we hope that all who speak the English language will derive benefit from a lengthened series of translations from her skilful pen.

The preceding notice of Tauler's Life and Sermons was in type for the October number of this Qurterly, but was crowded out by the pressure of other matter. We have since had the pleasure of receiving an American edition of the same work, from the excellent House of Wiley and Halsted, New York. The American is merely a reprint of the English copy, with the addition of six introductory pages from Professor Roswell D. Hitchcock. The price of the New York reprint is about two-thirds less than that of the London original.

10. SCHWEGLER'S HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY.1

THIS manual is characterized by the excellencies and defects of the Hegelian school, to which the author belongs. Hegel's intellect was thoroughly Aristotelian, and his intellectual method is in its own nature clear and discriminating. But adopting a pantheistic postulate for his first principle in philosophy, he was compelled to set his clear brain at a task beyond finite powers to perform. From the point of view which he had adopted, philosophy became tantamount to omniscience, and unless the philosopher could comprehend the infinite, and remove all mystery, he made a total failure. Having thus infinitely enlarged the boundaries of the department, by denying that it had any limits, a species of speculation was immediately introduced, which must of necessity, be of the most vague and mystical character. However clear and discriminating the thinker's mind might be in its natural working, it became confused and baffled by the infinitude and insolubility of the problems which it vainly attacked. The obscurity of the later pantheistic schools of Germany should be attributed to the nature of the questions that were raised, and not to any

A History of Philosophy, in epitome. By Dr. Albert Schwegler. Trans lated from the original German by Julius H. Seelye. New York: D. Appleton and Company.

special mysticism in the minds themselves. It will be difficult to find two clearer intellects in literary history, so far as native qualities are concerned, than Fichte and Hegel.

The work of Schwegler exhibits the same mixture of discrimination and vagueness. So far as the author had to write the history of pantheistic schemes it could not be expected that he should be clear. No amount of analytic power can render that perspicacious which is intrinsically confused; and no degree of logical talent can render that self-consistent, which is hopelessly self-contradictory. But the habits of thinking induced by Hegelianism, show themselves in some degree, in his treatment of rational and truthful systems, like those of Plato and Aristotle, for example. The bias of the writer also appears, in a slight and unconscious manner indeed, in an endeavor to connect the Greek theism with the German pantheism, as if it were homogeneous with it. This leads him sometimes to underestimate the strength of the arguments of Plato and Aristotle in defence of the first truths of theism, and to exaggerate the pantheistic elements, which undoubtedly exist in portions of their writings. For the best specimen of Schwegler's power as an analyst and historian of a philosophical system, we should cite his account of Des Cartes.

This manual, like all German manuals, requires considerable knowledge of philosophical systems, in order to be appreciated. The advanced student will find it succinct and closely written, and a valuable addition to his sources of information in the department of philosophy. The translation is faithful, and as elegant as is possible in such cases.

ARTICLE XI.

THEOLOGICAL AND LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

GERMANY.

Auberlen, Prof. Dr. Carl. Aug., The Book of Daniel and the Revelation of St. John, considered in their mutual relations and explained. pp. 511. Bagge, Rev. O., A Word Towards the Understanding of the Church Troubles of the Present Time, with Especial Reference to the Inaugural Discourse of Rev. Dr. Schwartz, at Gotha. pp. 106.

Bisping, Prof. Dr. Aug. Explanation of the 2d Epistle to the Corinthians, and the Epistle to the Galatians.

Ewald, H., History of the People of Israel to the time of Christ. 5th Volume. History of Christ and His Times. 2d Ed. pp. 504.

Gelpke, Prof. Dr. E. F., Church History of Switzerland, in three parts.--1st

Part-Church History of Switzerland under the Romans-Burgundians and Allemani. pp. 416.

Gesenius, Prof. Dr. Wilh., Hebrew Grammar, edited by Prof. Dr. Rödeger. 18th Ed. pp. 320.

Gesenius, Prof. Dr. Wilh., Hebrew and Chaldaic Dictionary for the Old Testament, Ed. by Dr. F. E. Dietrich. 2d Part from to. pp. 464.

Gieseler, Dr. Joh. C. L., Compendium of Church History. 4th Vol., published by Dr. E. R. Redepenning, from Gieseler's manuscripts. Church History of the 18th Century, from 1648 to 1814. pp. 302.

Graul, Dr. K., The Distinctive Doctrines of the Different Christian Confessions, Considered in the Light of God's Word, with a Proof of the Importance to Christian Life of Pure Doctrine. 5th Ed. pp. 132.

Hagenbach, Prof. Dr. K. R., Compendium of the History of Doctrines. 4th Improved Edition. pp. 774.

260.

History of the Reformation in Germany and Switzerland. pp.

Hahn, Dr. C. V., Repertorium of Church History an Index to the 25 volumes of the "Zeitschrift für historische Theologie," from 1833 to 1857. pp. 125.

Hengstenberg, Prof. Dr. C. W., Christology of the Old Testament, and Commentary on the Messianic Psalms. 3d Vol. 2nd Ed. pp. 223.

Heppe, Dr. H., Dogmatic of the German Protestantism of the 16th Century. pp. 434.

Hiemer, Karl, The Introduction of Christianity to the German Lands. 1st Part-The Introduction of the German Nations to Christianity. (Query What will the Second Part be?) pp. 306.

Kliefoth, Dr. C. F., Sermons Delivered in Schwerin. pp. 514.

Krummacher, Dr. F. W., The Opening Discourse and the Concluding Address Delivered before the Meeting of the Evangelical Alliance, in Berlin, on the 10th and 17th Sept., 1857. pp. 28.

Kurtz, Dr. Joh. H., The Bible and Astronomy. —a representation of Biblical Cosmology, and its relation to Natural Science. pp. 576.

Matthias, Dr. G. W., The 3d Chapter of Romans translated and explained. pp. 660.

Meyer, C.J., Critical Commentary to the Eschatological Statement in Matt. 24: 25. 1st Part. pp. 182.

Neander, Dr. A., Theological Lectures - History of Doctrines. Pub. by Dr. J. L. Jacobi. pp. 312.

Niebuhr, Marcus, History of Assyria and Babylon - since Christ, drawn from a comparison of the statements of the Old Testament - of Berosus of the Canon of the Kings, and of the Greek writers. pp. 529. Pfeiffer, The German Mystics of the 14th Century. 24 Vol. Meister Eckhardt. pp. 687.

The

Polenz, G. von., History of the French Calvinism in its Bloom. first volume of four to contain the history of French Calvinism to the time of the National Assembly, in the year 1789. pp. 736.

Ribbeck, Ferd., Donatus and Augustine; or, The First Decisive Contest Between Separatism and the Church. pp. 424.

Ritschl, The Origin of the old Catholic Church doctrinal monograph. pp. 605.

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- an ecclesiastical and

Testamentum Novum tetraglotton. Archetypum graecum cum versionibus vulgata Latina, Germanica Lutheri et anglica authentica in usum manualem edendum curaverunt C. G. G. Theile et R. Stier. 2d Ed. pp. 1060.

Thomasius, Dr. G., Christ's person and work. Representation of the Evangelical Lutheran Theology, from Christology as a middle point. 2nd Part The Person of the Mediator. pp. 556.

Tholuck, Dr. A., Commentary on the Gospel of John. 7th Improved Edition. pp. 454.

Uhden, H. F., History of the Congregationalists in New England-till the time of the "awakening," about the year 1740. 2d Edition. pp. 268. Dr. Karl Pertz has just published fragments of an old Roman historian, Granius Licianus. The manuscript in the British Museum, is a Palimpsest having in it Sermons of Chrysostom, written in the 11th century, Latin Grammar of the 5th, and underneath both the text of Licianus. Licianus is supposed to have written after Sallust, and before Livy. His annals seem to have begun with the founding of Rome and ended with Cæsar's death. On account of the difficulty of deciphering the three times written manuscript, the "fragments" are very fragmentary, and the discovery is said to have more literary historical interest than historical importance. The title of Dr. Pertz's work is, Gaji Granii Liciani Annalium quae supersunt ex codice ter scripto Musei Britannico Londinensis nunc primum edidit Karolus Aug. Frid. Pertz., phil. Dr., Berlin. It is a book of some 50 pages, with a fac-simile of the Palimpsest.

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ENGLAND.

Essays on the Accordance of Christianity with the Nature of Man." By Edward Fry. These are ably written Essays, designed to establish the truth of the Scriptures, by showing their adaptation to the nature and wants of man. The author 66 says: Taking human nature on the one hand and Christianity on the other, I have endeavored, in some few particulars, to inquire how far these are consonant to one another." The question inquired into, is: "Whether that religion which professes to be a message from God to man about his moral condition, does speak of it or assume it as in fact it is; whether the remedies which profess to come from a divine physician, have anything to do with our state of disease."

"The Reformation and its Consequences," being a History of the Church from the thirteenth century to the present day. By Rev. J. E. Riddle; the Bishop of Hereford, and Rev. J. H. Rose, D. D. 1 vol.

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Christianity in the first Three Centuries." This is a series of Historical

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