Ful

Ose

Ous

Full of;

Ate

as,

Some

Y

Able

Ible

May or

can be ;

Uble

as,

Ile

Ly
Like

Like or

resembling;

(joyful, beautiful, hopeful, bountiful.
verbose, jocose, operose.
luminous, zealous, populous.
compassionate, affectionate.

frolicsome, gamesome, troublesome.

wealthy, flowery, knotty.

(eatable, portable, movable.
visible, audible, credible, flexible.
soluble, resoluble.

(flexile, fragile, textile.

(earthly, worldly, brotherly, homely.
warlike, saintlike, childlike.

(foolish, childish, knavish.

State of being absent, adjacent, different.

verdant, arrogant, pliant, militant.

as,

(private, corporate, accurate.

consisting of; as, farinaceous, crustaceous, foliaceous.
made of; as, wooden, hempen, golden.

growing, becoming; as, convalescent, putrescent.
little; as, brownish, whitish, greenish.

having power; as, persuasive, creative, destructive.
without; as, heartless, hopeless, penniless, artless.
in the direction of; as, inward, outward, downward.

Ly
Forth

Ward, wards.

To Adverbs.

like; as, foolishly, naturally, joyfully, kindly.
forward; as, henceforth, thenceforth.

in the direction of; as, homeward, heavenward, back

wards.

ENGLISH DERIVATION.

English derivative words are formed from English primitives in various ways, but chiefly by means of affixes. Nouns are derived from other nouns by the affixes ship, hood, dom, ian, ry, ism, ite, ess, eer, ling, ary, age.

Nouns are derived from adjectives by the affixes — ness, ity, ist, th, and change of t into ce or cy.

Nouns are derived from verbs by the affixes — ment, er, ance, age, ure, ion, ee; also by change of accent, change of vowel, and by contraction.

y,

Adjectives are derived from nouns by the affixes

less, ly, en, ful, some, ish, al.

The Latin language frequently supplies an adjective to the Saxon noun, which without such assistance would have no corresponding adjective; as,

Adjectives are derived from adjectives by the affixes

ish, th, ern; and by the prefixes

un, dis, im, in, ig, ir, il.

Verbs are derived from nouns and adjectives by the affix en; also by adding e to the noun, and by change of mutes.

Many verbs are derived from nouns and adjectives, without any change whatever, and are known only by the

Adverbs are derived from adjectives and participles by the affix ly.

In many instances the Saxon noun has two adjectives corresponding to it, the one of Saxon, and the other of Latin origin; as,

ROOTS.

ROOT means source or origin. In language the root is

the word from which other words are derived.

The same root, with slight variations, frequently runs through many languages; in such cases it is sometimes difficult to determine in which language the word originated.

By tracing the etymology of many English words, we shall find that several of those which seem to be of Latin origin are immediately derived from the French, and partly retain the orthography and pronunciation of the latter language.

Many English words are derived from roots in other languages by means of prefixes, affixes, contractions, and changes in the terminations. The following list contains some of the principal Latin roots, with examples of English words derived from them.

Acidus, sour, sharp-acid, acidity, subacid, acidulous, acidify.
Acuo, I sharpen-acute, peracute, acumen, acuity.

Ago, I do; actus, done-action, act, actual, agent.

*Pupils should learn a given number of these roots daily until all are known. The benefit derived from a knowledge of them will well repay the trouble of learning them.

Edes, a building-edifice, edify, edification.
Ævum, an age-coeval, primeval, longevity.
Equus, equal-equator, equinox, equality, adequate.
Estimo, I value-esteem, estimate, inestimable.
Ager, a field-agriculture, agrarian, agricultural.
Agger, a heap-exaggerate, exaggeration.
Agito, I drive, I stir-agitate, agitator, cogitate.
Ala, a wing-aliped, alated.

Alius, other; alienus, another's-alien, alias, alienate.
Alternus, by turns-alternate, alternately, altern.
Altus, high-exalt, altitude, altimetry.

Ambulo, I walk-perambulate, amble, ambulant.
Amicus, a friend-amicable, inimical, enmity.
Amo, I love-amiable, amity, amorous, amiably.
Amplus, large-amplify, ample, amplitude.

Angulus, a corner-angle, angular, triangle, rectangle.
Anima, life-animal, animate, inanimate, animalcule.
Animus, the mind-unanimous, magnanimous.
Annulus, a ring-annular, annulet, annulary.
Annus, a year-annual, annuity, anniversary, annals.
Antiquus, old-antiquarian, antiquity, antique.
Aperio, I open-aperient, aperture, aperitive.
Appello, I call-appellation, appellative, appeal.
Aptus, fit-adapt, adaptation, apt, aptitude.
Aqua, water-aquatic, aqueous, aqueduct,
Aquila, an eagle-aquiline, aquila.

Arbiter, an umpire or judge-arbitrary, arbitrate.
Arbor, a tree-arboraceous, arbour, arborist, arboret.
Arcus, a bow-arch, archery, archer.

Ardeo, I burn; arsus, burnt-ardent, ardour, arson.
Aro, I plough-arable, marable, aration.

Arguo, I argue-argument, argumentative, arguer.
Arma, arms, weapons-army, armory, disarm, armour.
Ars, artis, art-artist, artisan, artifice, artificial.
Artus, a joint-articulate, article, inarticulate.
Asinus, an ass-asinine, asinary.

Asper, rough-asperity, exasperate, aspirate.
Audax, bold-audacity, audacious, audaciously.

Audio, I hear-audience, audible, auditory, audit.

Augeo, I increase-augment, auction, author, augmentation.
Avarus, covetous-avarice, avaricious, avariciously.
Barba, a beard-barb, barber, barbated, barbel.
Barbarus, savage-barbarian, barbarous, barbarity.
Beatus, blessed-beatitude, beatific, beatify.
Bellum, war-belligerent, rebel, rebellion.
Bene, well-benevolent, benefactor, benediction.
Bibo, 1 drink-imbibe, wine-bibber.

Bini, two by two-combination, combine, binary
Bis, twice-biped, bissextile, bisect.

Bonus, good-bounty, bounteous, bountiful.

Brevis, short-brevity, brief, abbreviate, breviature

Cado,* I fall-cadence, cadent, coincide.

Many roots change their forms when compounded; thus, cato and cedo are