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Et prædulce decus primo certamine posset.
Primitia juvenis miseræ, bellique propinqui
Dura rudimenta! et nulli exaudita Deorum

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Vota precesque meæ! tuque, ô sanctissima conjux,
Felix morte tuâ, neque in hunc servata dolorem!
Contra ego vivendo vici mea fata, superstes
Restarem ut genitor. Troûm socia arma secutum
Obruerent Rutuli telis: animam ipse dedissem,
Atque hæc pompa domum me, non Pallanta, referret.
Nec vos arguerim, Teucri, nec fœdera, nec quas
Junximus hospitio dextras: sors ista senecta
Debita erat nostræ. Quòd si immatura manebat
Mors natum, cæsis Volscorum millibus antè,
Ducentem in Latium Teucros, cecidisse juvabit.
Quin ego non alio dignor te funere, Palla,

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Quàm pius Æneas, et quàm magni Phryges, et quàm 170
Tyrrhenique duces, Tyrrhenûm exercitus omnis.
Magna tropea ferunt, quos dat tua dextera letho.
Tu quoque nunc stares immanis truncus in armis,
Esset par ætas, et idem si robur ab annis,
Turne. Sed infelix Teucros quid demoror armis ?
Vadite, et hæc memores regi mandata referte:
Quòd vitam moror invisam, Pallante peremto,
Dextera causa tua est; Turnum natoque patrique
Quam debere vides meritis. Vacat hic tibi solus
Fortunæque locus. Non vitæ gaudia quæro,
Nec fas; sed nato manes perferre sub imos.

Aurora interea miseris mortalibus almam
Extulerat lucem, referens opera atque labores.
Jam pater Æneas, jam curvo in litore Tarchon,
Constituere pyras. Huc corpora quisque suorum,
More tulere patrum; subjectisque ignibus atris

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170. Phryges. Troy stood in Phrygia Minor or Troas. 178. Turnum natoque, etc. Literally, Which, you see, owes Tarnus to the son and to the sire, who have both deserved it.

probation in early war! Alas! my vows and prayers are by none of the gods regarded! Thou most holy partner of my bed, happy in thy death, and not to this woe reserved! whilst I by living on have overpassed my natural bounds to remain a childless father. When I followed the confederate arms of Troy, the Rutulians should have overwhelmed me with their darts: my life with joy I had resigned, and me, not Pallas, this funeral pomp had home conveyed. Nor you, ye Trojans, will I accuse, nor your alliance, nor those right, hands we joined in hospitable league: this stroke of fortune was destined to my old age. However, if untimely death awaited my son, it will be some satisfaction that ushering the Trojans into Latium he fell, having first slain thousands of the Volscians. And now with no other funeral obsequies, O Pallas, can I thee grace, than what the pious Æneas, and the noble Trojans, the Tuscan leaders, and whole army of the Tuscans, have given thee. Thy illustrious trophies they bear, those whom victims to death thy right-hand offered. Thou too, O Turnus, shouldst have stood among them a huge trunk in arms, had pay age been equal, and my strength from years the same with yours. But why do I, hapless man, detain the Trojans from the war? Go, and faithfully bear back these mandates to your king: If I linger out a hated life, after my Pallas is slain, it is in consequence of the hopes I derive from thy right hand: from which you see vengeance on Turnus is justly due to a son and sire. This post of honour is alone reserved for thee and thy fortune. It is not any joy in life I seek, nor is it fit I should; but I wish to carry the joyful tidings to my son down to the shades below.

Meanwhile to wretched mortals Aurora had brought forth the auspicious light, renewing the works, and labours of the day. Now father Æneas, now Tarchon, on the winding shore erected funeral piles. Hither they conveyed, each after the manner of his ancestors, the bodies of their dead; and, the baleful fires being applied under them, the lofty sky, with smouldering smoke, is

Palla

Conditur in tenebras altum caligine cœlum.
Ter circum accensos, cincti fulgentibus armis,
Decurrere rogos; ter moestum funeris ignem
Lustravere in equis, ululatusque ore dedere.
Spargitur et tellus lacrymis, sparguntur et arma.
It cœlo clamorque virum, clangorque tubarum.
Hinc alii spolia occisis direpta Latinis
Conjiciunt igni, galeas, ensesque decoros,
Frænaque, ferventesque rotas; pars, munera nota,
Ipsorum clypeos, et non felicia tela.

Multa boüm circa mactantur corpora morti;
Setigerosque sues, raptasque ex omnibus agris
In flammam jugulant pecudes: tum litore toto
Ardentes spectant socios, semustaque servant
Busta; neque avelli possunt, nox humida donec
Invertit cœlum stellis fulgentibus aptum.

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Nec minùs et miseri diversâ in parte Latini Innumeras struxere pyras; et corpora partim Multa virum terræ infodiunt; avectaque partim Finitimos tollunt in agros, urbique remittunt. Cætera, confusæque ingentem cædis acervum,

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Nec numero nec honore cremant: tunc undique vasti
Certatim crebris collucent ignibus agri.
Tertia lux gelidam cœlo dimoverat umbram:
Moerentes altum cinerem et confusa ruebant
Ossa focis, tepidoque onerabant aggere terræ.
Jam verò in tectis prædivitis urbe Latini
Præcipuus fragor, et longè pars maxima luctûs.
Hic matres, miseræque nurus, hìc cara sororum
Pectora morentum, puerique parentibus orbi,
Dirum exsecrantur bellum, Turnique Hymenæos;
Ipsum armis, ipsumque jubent decernere ferro,
Qui regnum Italiæ et primos sibi poscat honores.
Ingravat hæc sævus Drances, solumque vocari

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211. Ruebant is here used in an active sense, as in other places of Virgil.

hidden in darkness. Thrice round the blazing piles, on foot they ran, in shining armour clad; thrice they encompassed the mournful funeral fire on horseback, and sent forth doleful yells. With their tears bedewed is the earth, bedewed are their arms. The shrieks of men and clangor of the trumpets pierce the sky. Next into the fire some throw the spoils torn from the Latins slain, helmets, and glittering swords, bits, and glowing chariotwheels: some, presents to the dead well known, their own bucklers and unsuccessful darts. Many heads of oxen all around are offered victims to death; and over the flames they stab bristly boars, and sheep snatched from all the fields: then along the whole shore they view their burning friends, and watch their half-consumed piles; nor can they be torn from them, before humid night inverts the face of heaven, bespangled with shining

stars.

Nor with less pious care the wretched Latins in a different quarter reared numberless piles; and they bury in the earth many bodies of their heroes, forming a part of the mass of slain; and part carried off they to the neighbouring fields convey, and send back to the city. The rest, and a vast heap of promiscuous slaughter, without number and without honour, they burn: then on all sides the spacious fields, as rivalling each other, blaze together with frequent fires. The third day's light had from the sky removed the chill shades of night; when with melancholy aspect they huddled together on the hearths the heaped-up ashes and bones mingled in confusion, and loaded them with a smoking mount of earth. But now in the courts of opulent Latinus, and in the city, is the chief uproar, and by far the deepest scene of mourning. Here mothers and hapless brides, here tender-hearted sisters in deep anguish, and striplings of their sires bereft, curse the rueful war, and the nuptials of Turnus; and himself they urge by arms, himself by the sword to decide the quarrel with his rival, since for himself alone he claims the crown of Italy and the first honours. This the malicious Drances aggravates, and

Testatur, solum posci in certamina Turnum.
Multa simul contra variis sententia dictis
Pro Turno, et magnum reginæ nomen obumbrat;
Multa virum meritis sustentat fama tropæis.

Hos inter motus, medio in flagrante tumultu,
Ecce super moesti magnâ Diomedis ab urbe
Legati responsa ferunt; nihil omnibus actum
Tantorum impensis operum; nil dona, nec aurum,
Nec magnas valuisse preces; alia arma Latinis
Quærenda, aut pacem Trojano ab rege petendam.
Deficit ingenti luctu rex ipse Latinus.
Fatalem Ænean manifesto numine ferri,

Admonet ira Deûm, tumulique ante ora recentes.
Ergo concilium magnum, primosque suorum

Imperio accitos, alta intra limina cogit.

Olli convenere, fluuntque ad regia plenis

Tecta viis. Sedet in mediis, et maximus ævo,
Et primus sceptris, haud lætâ fronte, Latinus.
Atque hic legatos Ætolâ ex urbe remissos,
Quæ referant, fari jubet, et responsa reposcit
Ordine cuncta suo. Tunc facta silentia linguis ;
Et Venulus, dicto parens, ita farier infit:
Vidimus, ô cives, Diomedem, Argivaque castra,
Atque iter emensi casus superavimus omnes,
Contigimusque manum quâ concidit Ilia tellus.
Ille urbem Argyripam, patriæ cognomine gentis,
Victor Gargani condebat Iapygis arvis.
Postquam introgressi, et coram data copia fandi,
Munera præferimus; nomen patriamque docemus;

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Qui bellum intulerint, quæ causa attraxerit Arpos. 250 Auditis ille hæc placido sic reddidit ore :

O fortunatæ gentes, Saturnia regna,

Antiqui Ausonii, quæ vos fortuna quietos

247. Iapygis. Apulian, so called from Iapys the son of Daedalus, who first settled in those parts.

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