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'THE SYNAGOGUE.' - Can any of your readers give the authorship of a book called 'The Synagogue; or, the Shadow of the Temple'? I have before me the ninth edition, published in 1709. It is bound up with the thirteenth edition of 'The Temple,' and is accompanied by laudatory verses by Isaac Walton and "J. L." I. F. M. C.

It is by Christopher Harvey, M.A., Vicar of Clifton.)

JOHN, SECOND BARON ROBARTES AND FIRST EARL OF RADNOR. - Will you kindly say if John, second Baron Robartes and first Earl of Radnor, who about 1669 was Lord Lieutenant of Ire. land, died without heirs; and if the title became extinct, or was it forfeited? Has it never been claimed by any one ? MARTIN W. WINN.

SATYRS' EARS.- Among what races of mankind does the pointed animal-like ear frequently occur? E. A. de Cosson says, in 'The Cradle of the Blue Nile,' 1877, vol. ii. p. 73:

"A Wito, one of the curious race of hippopotamus hunters who dwell in this region [near Lake Tzana] approached......These Wito men have a very peculiar type of face. Their foreheads are extraordinarily retreating, and the outer corners of their eyes and eyebrows slope upwards, like those of the typical Mephistopheles; their sharp aquiline noses curve over the upper lip like a beak, and their chins are prodigiously long. Their ears end in a point, like those of the ancient satyrs, and their hair, which they wear unplaited, is short and woolly. A more diabolical cast of countenance it would be hard to imagine; but I believe they are a harmless race."

Does any other variety of human being possess this form of ear normally? Some years ago I encountered a Scotch peasant, of singularly unpleasing type, who had large outstanding ears, like funnels, internally clothed with long hair; and other isolated instances of men with ears resembling those of quadrupeds are not unknown. But are there whole tribes possessing this peculiarity? T. G.

UGO BASSI'S SERMON ON THE VINE. - Mrs. Hamilton-King, in 'The Disciples, gives, in part iii. of 'Ugo Bassi,' a sermon on the vine, "As it was written down by one who heard" (ed. 1883, p. 96). Has the Italian text been printed;

and where can it be obtained?

Q. V.

OWEN BRIGSTOCKE. - Who was he? Mr. G. F. Barwick, of the British Museum, who supplied the copy of a great part and corrected the proofs of the whole of the second edition of the "Basque Grammar and Dialogues' of Micoleta, the oldest

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CLASSON.-Was there ever a family in the South of England of this name? M. S.

FAMILY OF EAGLESON. - Can any one tell me

anything of the genealogy, origin, location, &c., of this family? A. A. GORDON, F.S.A.Scot. 1284, George Street, Edinburgh.

WALTER HERVEY. - Will any correspondent possessing accurate knowledge favour me with a brief outline of what is known of this founder of the house of Butler? References will oblige; but, alone, will not greatly help me at the moment. SUSSEX.

FARNWORTH GRAMMAR SCHOOL. - I understand there is preserved in the Harleian MS. 2103, f. 174, a petition of the inhabitants of the Chapelry of Farnworth (dated July, 1631), complaining of the misgovernment of Farnworth Grammar School. Would some one kindly transcribe the petition in full for 'N. & Q.,' showing, if possible, what his worship of Chester had to do with this school? T. CANN HUGHES, M.A.

Lancaster.

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villages at assize time on the trial and sentence to death of prisoners? These sheets of doggerel stood in the place of newspapers, to a great extent, in country parts, particularly those out of the way, and were circulated in thousands, to be read and reread till reduced to tatters. Only a few are preserved, often between leaves of family Biblesa strange mixture of literature. Probably one of the last "trial and sentence" published and circulated containing the words "cast for death" is the following :

"Trial and Sentence of Thomas Fuller Bacon at Lincoln, who was cast for death Saturday July the twenty one thousand eighteen hundred fifty seven for poisoning of his mother, giving account of the Murder of his two dear infant children and the particulars of poor afflicted illused wife."

The broadsheet is badly printed.

Worksop.

THOS. RATCLIFFE.

INCIDENT IN SICILY. -Can any reader of 'N. & Q.' tell me where I can find the story of some leader of an army who wished to marry a Sicilian queen who declined to listen to his suit? He consequently laid siege to the town in which she lived, took her prisoner, and exposed her in an iron cage to the public view, afterwards handing her over to his soldiers. I cannot be sure whether the story belongs to history or to fiction. R. B. B.

Beplies.

SIR FRANC VAN HALEN, K.G.

(8th S. xi. 84, 131.)

I cannot allow MR. ATHILL to convict me of inaccuracy by altering my words and disregarding some of my statements. I did not say "that the pedigree of Hall......was foisted on the College of Arms at the visitation of Salop, 1623." I was not dealing with the visitation of 1623 in which it appears, but with the pedigree and arms themselves, which were probably concocted some seventy years or more before 1623, and which Vincent incorporated in his visitation. I am aware that Vincent's MSS. are not official documents; nevertheless they are at the College, where Beltz consulted the pedigree and arms under discussion about the year 1840; his reference is "Vinc. No. 134, fo. 479 in Coll. Armor." It matters little who was the concocter of the bogus pedigree and arms, nor does it matter much that Vincent accepted them; but it does matter a good deal when we find that Garter King (apparently many years before 1623) gave the arms the "hall mark" of the College by placing them on the stall of Sir Franc at Windsor. By this act I hold that the arms were foisted on the College, and consequently the pedigree, for the one conspired with the other in asserting what was false. MR. ATHILL may reply that the College is not bound by the actions of its chief officer, Garter; but unless it protests it must be held to accept and approve them. It seems to me a pity when the infallibility of a predecessor of long increasing number of literary men are learning to respect the College and value its work. It is not good policy to snub an endeavours to procure the amendment of a palpable blunder, which though made three hundred years ago or more is still in evidence in a position where the accuracy of the science of armory should be as far as possible assured. As to Dr. Woodward's peccadilloes, I think MR. ATHILL might have made them the subject of a separate note. I am not Dr. Woodward, nor am I answerable for his actions or words. If MR. ATHILL wishes to continue the discussion, I must ask him not to go outside it.

SCOTT'S OLD MORTALITY.' - Is it known whence Scott obtained this title for his novel? -or perhaps I ought to say for the character described in the novel. It has recently struck me that peradventure Sir Thomas Browne's 'Hydriotaphia' may be the source from which Scott drew his ago is called in question. Nowadays a yearly

name. The "Epistle Dedicatory" has :

"But there are sad and sepulchral pitchers, which have no joyful voices; silently expressing old mortality, the ruins of forgotten times, and can only speak with life, how long in this corruptible frame some parts may be uncorrupted; yet able to outlast bones long unborn, and noblest pile among us."

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.

- And thou shalt know, ere long,

Know how divine a thing it is
To suffer and be strong.

E. WALFORD.

[Longfellow, 'Light of Stars.']

The Ethiop's god has Ethiop's lips,
Black cheeks and woolly hair,
And the Grecian god has a Grecian face,

As keen-eyed, cold, and fair.

Children of men, the Unseen Power, whose eye

For over doth accompany mankind, Hath looked on no religion scornfully

That man did ever find.

Ν. Η.

Which hath not taught weak wills how much they can?
Which hath not fallen on the dry heart like rain?

Which hath not said to sunk, self-weary man,
Thou must be born again?

с. С. В.

that an official of the College should be touchy

outsider because he

A. W. CORNELIUS HALLEN, M. A. Cantab.

Alloa N.B.

I notice that MR. CHARLES ATHILL, Richmond Herald, quotes a passage from my treatise on 'Ecclesiastical Heraldry' with regard to the blazon of the see of Chichester as an instance in which erroneous statements are rashly made concerning the College of Arms and its inaccuracies. MR. ATHILL also made this objection to my statement in private correspondence with myself, and was

then informed by me of the authority on which it was based, which seemed, and still seems, to me at least, sufficient. That authority was the then Bishop of Chichester, who informed me that he had made an application to the Heralds' College with regard to the correct blazon of the arms of his see, and had in reply received from an officer of the College of Arms the blazon to which I have objected as incorrect, and which I think we had the right, though MR. ATHILL has denied it, to consider official and authoritative. I have noticed other instances in which, when ignorance or carelessness has been imputed to the College of Arms, an attempt has been made to transfer the onus

from the shoulders of the body corporate to those

of some one or other of its members. And yet we are not unfrequently twitted with disrespect for this "authority," when it is perfectly well known that the College does not speak with a clear and authoritative voice, but that A and B, two of its members we will say, hold upon a particular subject views which are not only not reconcilable but are diametrically opposed to each other, yet A and B both are "officers of the College of Arms," and as such are entitled to speak upon heraldic matters with an authority which can never be acquired by ignorant and unofficial persons such as myself. It seems to me that MR. ATHILL is peculiarly unhappy in his choice of an instance, not only for the reason stated at first, but because this matter of the blazon of the arms of the see of Chichester is (as he knows quite as well as, or even better than, myself) an example in which there is full justification for what I have asserted in the previous paragraph. I shall be glad to learn that, on

this subject at least, differences in the College have been composed; that there is at length an authoritative blazon of the arms of the see; and that the "officials" are regarding it "of one mind in a house." If I have contributed to this desir. able result I shall not mind MR. ATHILL'S official condemnation. JOHN WOODWARD, LL.D.

It may be worth while to mention, for the benefit of the unlearned, that there is an unsettled controversy as to the purport of the figure in the arms of the see of Chichester (see Parker's 'Glossary of Heraldry,' ed. 1894). Some new evidence in favour of MR. ATHILL'S contention was laid before our late venerated bishop not long before his death, but, with characteristic shrewdness, he pleaded his advanced age as his excuse for not investigating the question.

Hastings.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

BRITISH (8th S. xi. 3, 62). -To Scotsmen MR. RALPH THOMAS's articles are amusing reading. Perhaps this is owing to our abnormal national sense of humour. His position is evidently the same as that of the ingenious William Atwood,

who, before the union of the Parliaments, published a book with the agreeable title 'The Superiority and Direct Dominion of the Imperial Crown and Kingdom of England over the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland. Of this Hill Burton says :

"Had Atwood formed his conclusions on indubitable

historical evidence there was scarcely a Scotsman of the day who would not have deemed himself sunk in the deepest degradation had he believed a word he said. It was perhaps fortunate, however, that the enemy turned out to be a shallow prejudiced advocate, whose speedy confutation diffused through the nation the good humour generally attendant on an easy victory."

Atwood, by the strangest chance, appealed to James Anderson, who was then arranging materials for the publication of the collection of ancient Scottish munimental facsimiles, for confirmation of his opinions. Anderson took up the challenge at once, and most effectually disposed of Atwood's fabrications.

Now the facts of the case as regards the use of "British" as descriptive of the people of the three islands are very simple. Prior to 1707, England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. Ireland had long been a state subject to England, but retained its Parliament, as the Isle of Man retains its House of Keys to the present day. The business of the Commissioners "appointed to treat for an union betwixt the kingdoms of Scotland and England " " was with England and Scotland alone. Their fundamental proposition was "that the two kingdoms of England and Scotland be for ever united into one kingdom, by the name

of Great Britain." The word "British" came For example, Lord Havers

into Immediate use.

ham, who strongly opposed the Union, speaking in the House of Lords of the limited number of Scottish peers who were to join that body, said :

"It is evident by the two-and-twentieth article, that above a hundred Scottish peers, and as many commoners, are excluded from sitting and voting in the British Parliament, who perhaps as little thought of being so, a year or so ago, as any of your lordships do now."

Dobate, February, 1707.

The subsequent union of the British and Irish Parliaments was a purely domestic matter, for Ireland was then under the British crown in the same way as until 1707 it was entirely under the English crown. From 1707 the use of "British," to describe the united peoples of the three islands and the empire, is usual in Acts of Parliament. For example, in the British North America Act (30 Vict. c. 3), 1867, the preamble is :

"Whereas the provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick have expressed their desire to be feder. ally united into one Dominion under the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland with a constitution similar in principle to that of the United Kingdom:

"And Whereas such a Union would conduce to the welfare of the provinces and promote the interests of the British Empire," &c,

If I understand MR. THOMAS aright (which, being only a Scotsman, I may not do) he wishes to supersede the imperial and parliamentary use of British, and substitute English. How inconvenient this would be I may illustrate from his own article on 'Law Stationer' (8th S. xi. 24), where he objects to the 'Century Dictionary' defining a stationer as one "who sometimes, in England, takes in drafts or writings to be fairly copied or engrossed for lawyers." On this MR. THOMAS, after giving an amended definition, remarks, "I have left in the words 'in England, but I imagine they would not be necessary for a dictionary published in England. Why has Mr. Whitney been so particular? Are there no law stationers in America?" As to America I know not, but there are no law stationers in Scotland who engross as in England. In Scotland we lawyers have our deeds engrossed in our own offices by our own clerks. Thus, if MR. THOMAS succeeded in having England always used for Britain (as must follow if English is to be used instead of British), the description of a law stationer would be entirely inaccurate as regards Scotland. Mr. Whitney has quite correctly limited his definition to England, and by England he means the country that bears that name.

Though the matter is trivial, I cannot but refer to MR. THOMAS's remark as to a Clyde-built ship's nationality, "What would a Scotsman answer? Would he reply British ('Breeteesh'), or Anglais, or Ecossais?" Why "Breeteesh"? Is that how we are all supposed to speak? From the comic papers it appears that we also always say "meeneester." I should be just as accurate (and courteous) as MR. THOMAS were I to say, "An English house usually contains sofa, which the English habitually call a sof-er." WILLIAM GEORGE BLACK. 12, Sardinia Terrace, Glasgow.

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In the Act of Uniformity, 14 Charles II., British is used in opposition to English. It is applied to the Welsh who do not understand English. The Book of Common Prayer is to be "translated into the British or Welsh tongue,” and used "in such parts of Wales where the English tongue is not commonly understood." W. C. B.

BOISSEAU (8th S. vi. 509; vii. 238). - In the

"Universal Dictionary of Weights and Measures, Ancient and Modern, reduced to the Standards of the United States of America. By J. H. Alexander. Baltimore, Wm. Minifie & Co., 1850," the boisseau has fifteen values of dry capacity and three of superficial. The former vary from 0.2461 bushel (Montreuil) to 2.65789 bushels (Avignon). That of France (apart from the local values) from 1812 to 1840 is put at 0.35473 bushel; that of Paris "old measure" at 0.36915 and "till 1840" at 0-35473 bushel.

bushel, which equals 2150-42 cubic inches. The English imperial bushel equals 103152 United States or old Winchester bushels.

The boisseau superficial is given in three values, viz., Alais 0.0308 acre, Cahors 0.0788 acre, Montpellier 0.0219 acre, the acre being the same as our statute acre.

'The Universal Cambist,' by P. Kelly, LL.D., second edition, London, 1821, says (vol. i. p. 133) : "The corn measure of Paris was the Muid, which was divided into 12 Setiers, 24 Mines, 48 Minots, or 144 Boisseaux, and the Boisseau into 16 Litrons. The Setier equals 1:56 Hectolitre, or 4.427 English Bushels." It is added on p. 139 that the "boisseau usuel" is one-eighth of the hectolitre, and equals 0.35474 English bushels, with halves, quarters, &c., in proportion."

In some places "boisseau" meant a piece of land which could be sowed with a boisseau of

wheat. In Lubeck there were two superficial boisseaux, one of about thirteen ares, the other of about seventeen ares (see 'Dictionnaire' of Napoléon Landais).

ROBERT PIERPOINT.

THE TAPESTRIES FROM THE RAPHAEL CARTOONS

(8th S. xi. 107). -Les neuf tapisseries des 'Actes des Apôtres,' ayant appartenu à Charles Ier, furent acquises, en 1649, pendant la Révolution d'Angleterre, par l'ambassadeur d'Espagne à Londres, Don Alonzo de Cardenas. Devenu, en 1662, la propriété de la maison d'Albe, cet exemplaire fut vendu en 1833 à M. Tupper, consul britannique; plus tard, il appartint à un marchand de Londres, M. W. Trull, qui lui consacra une notice spéciale. En 1844, enfin, il fut acheté par le roi de Prusse, et exposé, d'abord à Monbijou, puis au musée de Berlin, où il se trouve encore de nos jours.*

EUGÈNE MÜNTZ.

BURNS'S FRIEND NICOL (8th S. xi. 66).-MR. BAYNE astonishes me. I always thought "Rob and Allan cam' to pree." He is a Scotchman, and he ought to know. Still, the Globe edition has "see," though, curiously enough, the glossary gives this very line as a reference for "pree." On the other hand, the Aldine edition of Bell & Daldy has "pree," which seems unquestionable to me. Allan Cunningham also has "pree," in the 'Songs of Scotland,' iv. 140. Does MR. BAYNE think no Southron knows what it means? I am sure Rob

and Allan did a great deal more than "see." Will MR. BAYNE pronounce?

Longford, Coventry.

C. F. S. WARREN, M. A.

* Voy. Trull, 'Raphael vindicated by a comparison between the original Tapestries (now in London) of Leo X. and the Cartoons at Hampton Court, as repaired by Cooke' (p. 23); Waagen, Die Cartons von Raphaël

in besonderer Beziehung auf die nach denselben gervirkten Teppiche in der Rotonde des Königlichen Museums zu Berlin, Berlin, 1860; Müntz, Les Tapisseries de

The United States bushel is the old Winchester | Raphaël au Vatican, Paris, 1897 (p. 24).

LUNDY (8th S. x. 272, 506). - That this island was known to and used by the Norsemen seems an undoubted fact. In the 'Orkneyingers' Saga,' translated by Sir G. W. Dasent (Rolls Series, 1894), it is related (p. 141) that Sweyn and Holbodi harried round Wales, &c., and a certain freeman called Robert, against whom Holbodi had a grudge, "ran away to that isle which is called Lund. There was a good stronghold; Sweyn and Holbodi sat before it for some time, but could do nothing." Holbodi then made it up with the freeman, turned traitor to Sweyn, and tried to burn him out of house and home in the Isle of Man, was defeated, and took flight to Lundy, "where the freeman gave him a hearty welcome and they held together." Sweyn and company had a try at the stronghold on Lundy some time later, "but could not get at Holbodi." There must have been a very strong Norse settlement about the tenth century on both sides of the Bristol Channel, and it is a subject of interest to many that would repay the trouble of working up in a more systematic way than has hitherto been done. For an account of the Norsemen in Pembroke Mr. Law's 'Little England beyond Wales'gives some details of note. Had there not been settlements of Norsemen in Pembrokeshire and Glamorganshire, the nomenclature of various headlands, bays, places, &c., would not have endured, as has been the case, to testify to the Vikings' conquest and commerce. ALEX. G. MOFFAT.

Swansea.

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SHAKSPEARE AND EMBLEM LITERATURE (8th S. xi. 49). Is it not more likely that the illustration was derived from some set piece, representing Peace and domesticated lion, in a pageant such as Londoners delighted in during the sixteenth century, than from a woodcut in an emblem book? I remember seeing Britannia surrounded by tame lions on a car, in a circus procession-accompanied by the late celebrated Mr. Tom Sayers-through this town, in 1861, or a year EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M. A.

or two later. Hastings,

BEAUJOIE FAMILY (8th S. xi. 68). -I translate the following from the 'Armorial Général de France,' Paris, 1867:

"De Beaujeu. Charles-Louis de Beaujeu, commandant at Marsal, proves his descent from Jean de Beaujeu, Chevalier of the Ordre du Roi (1526). Seigneuries: of Saint-Hubert, Jauge, la Thuillerie, Chazeul. Alliances: families (of) de Baugi, de Pallas, de Beaurepaire. Arms: Gules, five bars argent. Note: La Chesnaye establishes this family as a branch of the family of Beaujeu, known since 967, and which has furnished two Constables, and issued from the Comtes de Forez, cadets of the Dauphins

of Vienne."

The form of the name as given by MR. CARR would seem to be an English misspelling of De Beaujeu. The 'Armorial Général' is a highly

authoritative work, the equivalent of our 'Heraldic Visitations.' It was compiled by the Juge-d'Armes de France in 1768, and any family registered in it is entitled to recognition as part of the ancienne noblesse. The French arms with the dolphins, concerning which you publish a query from another correspondent, do not appear in the 'Armorial.' JOHN HOBSON MATTHEWS.

Town Hall, Cardiff.

The above name may be a variation of Beaujeu. Humbert de Beaujeu, Seigneur de Montpensier, Constable of France circa 1250. He was grandson of Guichard III., Lord of Beaujeu in Lyonnais. JOHN RADCLIFFE.

"ARSÉ-VERSÉ" (8th S. xi. 46). - An English dictionary earlier than Bailey's contains this expression. Blount's 'Glossographia,' fifth edition, 1681, has :

"Arseverse (i. averte ignem), a pretended Spell written upon the door of an House, to keep it from burning. 'Tis a Tuscan word, quasi Arsuram averte."

Perhaps Blount introduced the expression, taking it from Holy-Oke's 'Latin Dictionary.' My copy, dated 1640, has :

"Arseverse, i, averte ignem, Tuscorum lingua, arse, est averte, et verse ignem significat. alii exponunt verse, id est, verte, et arse ardorem ignem. A spell written upon an house to preserve it from burning. Fest."

In Lewis and Short's 'Latin Dictionary' it is stated, that

"a pure Tuscan inscription found at Cortona with this formula [arse verse] reads: ARSES. VVRSES. SETHLAND., &c., i. e., Ignem averte, Vulcane. Inscr. Orell., 1384."

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

May I direct DR. SMYTHE PALMER's attention to your recent editorial note concerning amplitude of reference, and ask for a reference to the passage in Festus? Q. V.

This phrase occurs in Udal's translation of the 'Apopthegmis' of Erasmus, p. 339, apparently in the sense of "topsy-turvey" or upside down. "Demosthenes thus turned ye clause clene arsee versee." E. S. A.

HOLE FAMILY (8th S. vii. 308). -Amongst the various ways of spelling this name which are quoted by MR. DALLAS I notice Hoole is not given. Is not "Hole" one of the old forms of spelling Hoole?

CHARLES DRURY.

PIGEONS TRAINED TO REPRESENT DEPARTING SOULS (8th S. xi. 48). - There are cases mentioned in Mr. Conway's 'Demonology and Devil Lore' (chap. xx.) which seem to point to some such fact as that affirmed by Dr. Brewer. The statement probably refers to the Greek Church, by which the dove is held sacred. Mahomet trained a dove to perch on his shoulder; it was pictured at the ear of God; it brought the chrism from heaven at the

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