say with an air of triumph, that their minister would give himself no trouble about forms or proofs; that suspicion was sufficient for him, and without more ado he would shut up such impertinent people in the Bastile for years; and then raising their voices, as if what they said were a proof of the courage or magnanimity of the minister-"Ou peut-être il feroit condamuer ce droles la aux galères pour la vie."

SECT. VIII.

OF THE COMPLIMENTAL

DR. MOORE.

PHRASES USED BY THE

FRENCH.

THE French have often been accused of insincerity, and of being warm in professions, but devoid of real friendship.

Our countrymen in particular are led into this opinion, from the manners in general being more obsequions here than in England. What Frenchmen consider as common good manners, many Englishmen would call flattery, perhaps fawning.

Their language abounds in complimental phrases, which they distribute with wonderful profusion and volubility; but they intend no more by them, than an Englishman means when he subscribes himself your most obedient humble servant, at the conclusion of a letter.

A Frenchman not only means nothing beyond common civility, by the plentiful shower of compliments which he pours on every stranger; but also, he takes it for granted, that the stranger knows that nothing more is meant. These expressions are fully understood by his countrymen; he imagines all the world are as well informed; and he has not the smallest intention to deceive. But if any man takes these expressions in a literal sense, and believes that people are in reality inspired with friendship, or have fallen in love with him at first sight, he will be very much disappointed; especially if he expects strong proofs of either.

Yet he has no right to accuse the French of insincerity, or breach of friendship. Friendship is enrtiely out of the question. They never intended to convey any other idea, than that they were willing to receive him on the footing of an acquaintance; and it was the business of his language-master to have informed him of the real import of their expressions.

If the same words, indeed, were literally translated into English, and used by one Englishman to another, the person to whom they were addressed, would have good reason to imagine, that the other had a particular regard for him, or meant to deceive him; because the established modes of civility and politeness in England do not require such language.

The not making a proper allowance for different modes and usages, which accident has established, is one great cause of the unfavourable and harsh sentiments, which the people of the different countries of the world too often harbour against each other.

It may be said. perhaps, that this superfluity of compliments, which the French make use of, is a proof of the matter in question, that the French have less sincerity than their neighbours. By the same rule we must conclude, that the common people of every nation, who use few complimental phrases in their discourse, have a greater regard to truth, and stronger sentiments of friendship, than those in the middle and higher ranks. But this is what I imagine it would be difficult to prove.

These complimental phrases, which have crept into all modern languages, may, perhaps, be superfluous; or, if you please, absurd. But they are so fully established, that people of the greatest integrity make use of them, both in England and in France, with this difference, that a smaller proportion will do in the language of the one country than in that of the other. They are, however, indications of friendship in neither.

Friendship is a plant of slow growth in every climate. Happy the man who can rear a few, even where

he has the most settled residence. Tavellers, passing through foreign countries, seldom take time to cultivate them. If they be presented with some flowers although of a flimsy texture and quicker growth, they ought to accept of them with thankfulness, and not quarrel with the natives for choosing to retain the other more valuable plant for their own use.

Of all travellers, the young English nobility and gentry have the least right to find fault with their entertainment while on their tours abroad; for such of them as show a desire of forming a connection with the inhabitants, by even a moderate degree of attention, are received upon easier terms than the travellers from any other country; but very considerable numbers of our countrymen have not the smallest desire of that nature. They seem rather to avoid their society, and accept with reluctance every offer of hospitality. This happens, partly from a prejudice against foreigners of every kind, partly from timidity or natural reserve, and in a great measure from indolence, and an absolute detestation of ceremony and restraint. Besides, they hate to be obliged to speak a language, of which they seldom acquire a perfect command.

They frequently, therefore, form societies or clubs of their own, where all ceremony is dismissed, and the greatest ease and latitude allowed in their behaviour, dress, and conversation. There they confirm each other in all their prejudices, and with united voices condemn and ridicule the customs and manners of every country but their own.

By this conduct, the true purpose of travelling is lost or perverted; and many English travellers have remained four or five years abroad, and have seldom, during all this space, been in any company but that of their own countrymen.

Το go to France and Italy, and there converse with none but English people, and merely that you may have it to say, that you have been in these countries, is ertainly absurd. Nothing can be more so, except

to adopt with enthusiasm, the fashions, fopperies, taste, and manners of those countries and transplant them to England, where they never will thrive, and where they always appear awkward and unnatural. For, after all his efforts of imitation, a travelled Englishman is as different from a Frenchman or an Italian, as an English mastiff is from a monkey or a fox. And if ever that sedate and plain-meaning dog should pretend to the gay friskiness of the one, or to the subtilty of the other, we should certainly value him much less than we do.

But I do not imagine that this extreme is by any means so common as the former. It is much more natural to the English character to despise foreigners than to imitate them. A few tawdry examples to the contrary, who return every winter from the continent, are hardly worth mentioning as exceptions. DR. MOORE.

SECT. IX.

OF GENEVA.

THE situation of Geneva is, in many respects, as happy as the heart of man could desire, or his imagination conceive. The Rhone, rushing out of the noblest lake in Europe, flows through the middle of the city, which is encircled by fertile fields, cultivated by the industry, and adorned by the riches and taste of the inhabitants.

The long ridge of mountains, called Mount Jura, on the one side, with the Alps, the Glaciers of Savoy, and the snowy head of Mont Blanc, on the other, serve as boundaries to the most charmingly variegated landscape that ever delighted the eye.

With these advantages in point of situation, the citizens of Geneva enjoy freedom untainted by licentiousness, and security unbought by the horrors of

war.

The great number of men of letters, who either are natives of the place, or have chosen it for their

residence, the decent manners, the easy circumstances, and humane dispositions of the Genevois in general, render this city and its environs a very desirable retreat for people of a philosophic turn of mind, who are contented with moderate and calm enjoyments, have no local attachments or domestic reasons for prefering another country, and who wish, in a certain degree, to retire from the bustle of the world, to a narrower and calmer scene, and there, for the rest of their days,

Ducere solicita jucunda oblivia vitæ.

As education here is equally cheap and liberal, the citizens of Geneva of both sexes are remarkably well instructed. I do not imagine that any country in the world can produce an equal number of persons, (taken without election from all degrees and professions) with minds so much cultivated as the inhabitants of Geneva possess.

It is not uncommon to find mechanics, in the intervals of their labour, amusing themselves with the works of Locke, Montesquieu, Newton, and other productions of the same kind.

When I speak of the cheapness of a liberal education, I mean for the natives and citizens only; for strangers now find every thing dear at Geneva. Wherever Englishmen resort, this is the case. they do not find things dear, they soon make them so.

If

The democratical nature of their government inspires every citizen with an idea of his own importance. He perceives that no man in the republic can insult, or even neglect him with impunity.

It is an excellent circumstance in any government, when the most powerful man in the state has something to fear from the most feeble. This is the case here. The meanest citizen of Geneva is possessed of certain rights, which render him an object deserving the attention of the greatest. Besides, a consciousness of this makes him respect himself; a sentiment, which, within proper bounds, has a tendency to render a man respectable to others.

VOL. I.

D