"My friend Sir Roger, being a good Churchman, has beautified the inside of his church with several texts of his own choosing."-Addison. "Public pride is the best champion of public liberty."-Grattan. "The besiegers were on the alert for miles along both shores."--Macaulay.

'First were

rolled on shore barrels containing six thousand bushels of meal.”—Macaulay. 'Not many hours before, half a pound of tallow and three quarters of a pound of salted hide had been weighed out with niggardly care to every fighting man."-Macaulay. "Moses was to be dressed out with a hat and white feather."-Goldsmith. One compared it to Robinson Crusoe's long boat, too large to be removed."—Goldsmith. Ophelia instituted regular hours and employments for her."-Mrs. Stowe. "Lo! from the west a parting gleam

"

Breaks forth of amber light."-Chaucer.

"Children not thine have trod my nursery floor."-Cowper.
"Wild is thy lay and loud,

Far in the downy cloud."-Hogg.

"It sounds to him like her mother's voice

Singing in Paradise."-Longfellow.

*Thanks, thanks to thee, my worthy friend !"-Longfellow.
"With fingers weary and worn,

With eyelids heavy and red,

A woman sat, in unwomanly rags,

Plying her needle and thread."-Hood.

"The other father had a weaklier child,

Of a soft cheek and aspect delicate."-Byron.

Note.-These sentences are also suitable for parsing.

Miss

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Indefinite Article (page 219). The indefinite article is properly an, not a, since it is derived from the Saxon an, one. It is therefore more correct to say that the n is omitted before a consonant, etc., than to say that the n is added (to a) before a vowel,

etc.

Imperative Mood (page 228). The imperative mood implies a command, or a prayer. When we command or entreat, we necessarily speak to the person whorn we are commanding or

entreating, and the person spoken to is, grammatically, in the

second person.

We may speak to ourselves, urging ourselves to do something; but then we regard ourselves as two different persons-one speaking, the other spoken to.

A kind of imperative mood is formed in English by using the verb "let" as a sort of auxiliary of mood. Thus we have "Let me go," "Let us go," "Let him go," and "Let them go."

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A somewhat similar form of imperative is obtained by the use of the auxiliary verb "may," to express a wish. The following examples will illustrate this usage: 'May he be happy; May his shadow never grow less ;"" And when he next doth ride abroad, may I be there to see;" "Long may she reign."

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Sometimes the auxiliary "may" is omitted, and we then have the very closest approximation to an imperative in the third person which the English language admits of. Thus, we say "Long live the Queen;" i.e., "May the Queen live long." Compare the following lines of Mrs. Hemans:

"And green for ever be the groves,

And bright the flowery sod,

Where first the child's glad spirit loves

Its country and its God."

A similar elliptical expression is sometimes used in poetry to express the imperative of the first person. Thus, in the line from Scott's "Marmion "

-

Suppose we now the welcome said,"

the sense is, "(May) we suppose now the welcome said," which is equivalent to "Let us suppose now the welcome said."

Note. In examples of this kind, the verb may be almost regarded as actually forming an imperative mood, first person. The following are additional examples :

"Pronounce who can."-Byron.

That is, "(May he, or they) pronounce who can "=“ Let him, or them, who can, pronounce."

"So move we on,-I only meant

To show the reed on which you leant."-Scott.

Potential Mood (page 228).

Many of our best grammarians parse the so-called auxiliaries

reject the potential mood, and

may, can, must, would, should, as independent verbs. Relative Pronoun (page 273). As, after" such," "the same," or any similar expression, is also used as a relative pronoun. Thus, "Such as I have, give I thee" is equivalent to "Such which I have," etc.; and "He lives in the same house as his brother"="He lives in the same house in which his brother

lives."

Adverb (page 276). Adverbs are sometimes used to qualify prepositions. The following are examples from Lord Macaulay's "Lays of Ancient Rome" :

Here hard by Vesta's temple

Build we a stately dome."

[This is also an example of a virtual imperative mood, first person plural, equivalent to "let us build."]

"Fast by the royal standard."

(6 And, like a dam, the mighty wreck

Lay right athwart the stream."

Hence adverbs may be said to qualify verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions.

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Object (page 303). In sentences like "William the Conqueror became king," and the others given in the same paragraph, the whole expressions "became king," "was crowned queen," was appointed protector," "turned traitor," may be taken as forming the predicates only. They are, in fact, similar to such sentences as "William the Conqueror was king," etc. Grammarians differ as to the proper mode of analysing sentences of this kind.

GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.

I.

Arrange in four separate columns the Proper, Common, Abstract, and Collective Nouns which here follow :

King, captain, duke, people, news, virtue, multitude, council, river, committee, Board of Trade, Parliament, youth, riches, James, monster, ship, America, wilderness, herd, business,

crew.

2. Write down the plurals of penny, money, staff, cliff, grotto, folio, fox, ox, boot, scarf, victory, calf, negro, wife, drama, roof, toy, deer, leaf, strife, omnibus, potato, box, pig, day, lass, axis, flambeau, bureau, effluvium, thesis, genus.

3. Give the feminine forms answering to the following nouns in the masculine gender :-Adulterer, baron, benefactor, elector, hunter, patron, seamster, administrator, testator, priest, traitor, god, master, gander, lad, man, wizard.

4. Write short sentences, personifying the following words :ship, sun, moon, the river Thames, England, the sea.

(For example, England may be personified thus: “England has need of the bravery of her children." "England expects every man to do his duty." "England is the mother of nations." "England is the protectress of those who fly to her for refuge.")

5. Place an indefinite article before the following nouns :— Man, hour, herb, orange, gun, unit, uniform, century, heir, place, disposition, humiliation.

6. Write down the following nouns in the possessive case :John, William, oxen, children, women, Moses, dogs (pl.), America, boys (pl.), Charles, hero, soldier, soldiers (pl.), men, pope. Place after each noun in the possessive case another noun to denote the thing possessed; thus, "John's book."

7. Write sentences containing a noun in each of the three cases (Nominative, Objective, Possessive); thus, "John had his father's watch."

8. Place adjectives before the following nouns. State the kind of adjective you employ.

Men, William, boat, horse, danger, Britain, ox, pigs, subject, school, Arthur, teacher, boys, knowledge, acquisition, position, sea, sort, adjective, experience, learning, stupidity, intellects, soap, cottage.

9. Write down the "Ordinals" of each of the following "Cardinals":—Five, twenty, hundred, thirty-eight, ninety-six, thousand, three thousand, five thousand and one, eighty-six thousand four hundred and twenty-seven, ten, million.

10. Form adjectives from the following nouns :-Mind (mindful), use, king, woman (womanly, womanish), girl, man, Johnson (Johnsonian), America, tribute, machine, school, adjective, verb, interjection, flower, epistle, hope, mountain, pepper, joke.

11. Form adjectives from the following verbs :-Detest, despise (despicable), tolerate, dedicate, migrate.

12. Give the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives, and write sentences containing the comparative and superlative forms you use :-Grateful, salubrious, wise, disdainful, memorable, great, precious, late, much, little.

13. Arrange the following verbs in two columns, with headings, Transitive, Intransitive :-To walk, to sing, to dance, to strike, to beat, to hear, to feel, to repose, to stand, to begin, to remember, to heal, to desire, to denote, to mention.

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14. Give instances of verbs which may be either transitive or intransitive. For example, the verb to freeze can be employed transitively or intransitively; as, The water froze in the river" (intrans.); "The intense cold froze the water in the river" (trans.). Illustrate the use of each verb in its twofold character by means of sentences.

15. Give the passive forms answering to the following verbs in the active voice :-I love, thou beatest, we hear, we have desired, they will know, ye shall have seen, I met, you suspect, the men have raised, they had advised, he had found.

16. Conjugate the following verbs:-To strike, to take, to lay, to wind, to begin.