AMERICAN PUBLISHERS.-A controversy having of people, were squatting before him, in the posture | Lafayette; that he was no "maker of antiquities," been raised in some Philadelphia papers, respecting of dogs, or crawling about on all-fours. He is a as he was charged withal; that he was actually near the sams alleged to have been paid by American corpulent man, and was, according to the custom of Paris during the three glorious days; and that the the country, almost naked, and seated on a raised suit was trumpeted up by some malicious rival. The booksellers to American authors, Messrs. Carey, platform, ornamented with carpets and cushions. To jury being of the same opinion, returned a verdict Lea & Co., the principal booksellers of that city, our bows he made a slight inclination of the head. in his favor, confirming to him forever the envied and possibly the most extensive publishing house in After some conversation with Mr. Roberts, we took name of Gosling. We have some suspicion that the United States, have made the following exposi-mitted to an audience of the King. Boats were pro--[Star.] our leave. A few days before I left, we were ad-the whole trial was one of Gosling's ingenious puffs tion: vided by the Phraklang, and we were paddled the To the Editor of the Penneylvania Inquirer: distance of about half a mile: on landing, we mounted Education in Kentucky.-The attention of our Sir-Your correspondent R. calls in question the the horses prepared for us, and rode about half a fellow citizens in Kentucky is beginning to be roused fact of $30,000 having ever been paid to authors mile in a round-about direction, to the interior of the on the subject of primary Education. Some statistics within a year, by any bookselling house in this walls around the palace. After waiting until our which we read in a late number of the Maysville country. The writer of this has never seen the arti-patience was nearly exhausted, we were conducted Eagle, showed an alarming destitution of common cle to which your correspondent replies, but as the to the presence of his Siamese Majesty. On each schools in that State, and an alarming number of perinformation was derived from him, he holds himself side of the road we walked were drawn up a long sons unable to read or write. A Convention was responsible for the correctness of the assertion that line of soldiers, and a number of elephants, richly held on the subject at Lexington on the 7th instant, we have paid more than $30,000 to authors and edi- clothed. At length we were shown into a large composed of more than 100 delegates from 19 countors within a year. room, and found ourselves looking down upon a ties. Addresses were made by Dr. Beecher, Rev. We have now before us a list of 50 original, 12 thousand prostrate figures, on their knees, with Mr. Bullard and Dr. Drake, all of Cincinnati, and translated, and 17 edited works, published within their faces to the floor. According to previous ar. Rev. Mr. Kirk of Albany. The Convention, after five years, (of many of them several editions) for rangements, we made the required number of continuing in session two days, adjourned to meet at which the authors and editors have received from bows, &c. to his Majesty, and seated ourselves Tankfort on the 9th of January next, when it is us $131,037. A little more time for examination on a carpet in the place assigned us. The perfect hoped the entire State will be represented. On the would probably increase it to $135,000, or an average silence which was observed, the prostrate atti-day previous to the opening of the above Convention, of $27,000 per annum, being rather less than was statue of the courtiers, and the appearance of the Convention of Teachers was held in the same city, ted from memory. Our engagements at this moment King on a throne opposite, were really most and was addressed by Rev. Dr. Beecher and Pro. require us to pay little less than $40,000 to authors, imposing, and produced in us a feeling of awe.-fessor Caldwell. Both are said to have acquitted of which nearly $30,000 will be for two works. The room was very large, and highly decorated; the themselves with great ability and effect.-[Journal We have never considered booksellers entitled to throne was elevated eight or ten feet, and most beau. of Commerce.] much credit for paying authors liberally, any more tifully ornamented. The King is a large man; he GENERAL ORDER.-All Midshipmen, whethe than we should be disposed to admit that they were did not wear any thing on his head, and his upper passed or not, who have seen sea service, and are entitled to censure for not paying all who think dress was a light andrich gauze. He asked some ques-not on special duty or furlough, will, after their leaves proper to write. The bookseller is only the channel tions of Mr. Roberts about our country, government, of absenee expire, consider it their duty in future, to through which the favors of the public are convey- &c. and said he was glad to see the Americans.-repair to the Navy Yard near Norfolk, New York, ed to the author. If the stream be copious he will Our audience continued twenty minutes. After or Boston, as may be most convenient, and there at be sure to have a full share. If there be no favor on taking leave, we were shown the elephants, of which tend the navy school and perform such services as the part of the public, the bookseller who would un-the King has a great number; among them several may be required of them, under the superintendence dertake to act in their stead would speedily be bank. were white, which kind are sacred amoug the Sis- of the Commander of the Yard. rupt. In these days of brisk competition, there is no mese. Within the ground enclosed about the palace The Commander of each Yard will furnish those, author whose books will be read, who cannot be paid, are several temples to their gods, whose images are who report under this order, suitable accommodaand there is no such author who complains. There distributed about in great profusion, and generally in tions in the Receiving Ships or Vessels in ordinary, aro, undoubtedly, a: all times, men of talent who have a tailor's posture. A great quantity of gilding is and suitable opportunities for professional instruc. reason to complain of the reception their works ex-used in the decorations of the sacred buildings, both tion, and employment in conformity with the gene. perience, but the fault lies with the public and not within and without. In the limits of a letter it is im-ral regulations prescribed by this Department. As the bookseller, although the author is generally dis- possible for me to include any thing like a descripposed to place upon his shoulders a large portion of the blame We have suggested to some of our authors that a very interesting book might be made of the "Calamities of Booksellers," to match D'Israeli's Calamities of Authors. Authors have at all times taken care to let the world know their troubles, so that only one side of the question is known. We are pursuaded that there are few booksellers in extensive business who could not contribute a chapter. CAREY, LEA & Co. An officer of the United States Ship Peacock, gives the annexed account (in a letter dated Ba. tavia, July 12th, 1833) of the introduction of the tion of all that we observed. The remainder of our The land is full of portents which we take not upon the present measure is intended to be highly bene. Navy Department, 15th Nov. 1833. DEPARTEENT OF STATE, Washington. 16th November, 1833. been sent to this Department, from the U. S. ConsuThe following important notice to Mariners has late at London : NAVIGATION INTO HARWICH HARBOR. Trinity House, London, 19th Sept. 1833. Notice is hereby given, that this Corporation has caused a buoy, painted black, and marked on the head "West Altar," to be laid on the westeru elbow "WOODBURN, NEAR HUDSON, Nov. 15. "A singular occurrence took place on my farm some days ago, which has excited a good deal of spot. A beautiful and well grown little wood which dle of February last, at the head of the Gulf of you remember on the left of the road as you approach Captain and other officers of that vessel to the King speculation among all who have since visited the of the shoal nanied the Altar in the entrance to Har. of Siam. The Peacock anchored, about the mid Siam. the house, containing about an acre and a half, sud- wich Harbor. with the following marks and compass bearings, viz: The buoy lies in 12 feet at low water spring tides, Harwich High Light House, its apparent width "On the 18th, Captain Geisinger, Mr. Roberts,perpendicularly; so that where not long since the open northward of the Low Light House, bearing The The first Martello Tower, eastward of Languard Fort, on with the extreme southern outworks of that "In coming down from Japan, fell in with a group and a number of officers, went up in large boats sent down for our acommodation by the Government. bedded, the topmost branches now peep out. roots of the trees were to all appearance firmly im N. W. by N. We stayed at Pecknam the first night, and were wood is bounded by the creek, of which the sides hospitably entertained by the Governor. He is an and bottom are blue clay. The land near the bank, old man, with a good humored face. We were at from some unexplained cause, seems to have given first very much disgusted at the abject, cringing way all at once, and slid into the creek; which, by behaviour of all who approached him. He was seated on hie divan, which somewhat resembled a previous width of fifty feet, with an occasional depth the mass thrown into it, is so filled up, that trom its large bedstead. The natives, on entering the room, of twenty, it is reduced to a little rill, which one would squat down like dogs, and crawl about, not might easily jump across. A strip of land adjoining daring to stand in the presence of a superior. Early the road of about thirty feet wide and of considerable of islands, not laid down in the charts, in latitude in the morning, we took leave of our host, and pro-length, has sunk straight down, so that where the sur. 5 deg. 45 min. north, and 152 deg. 35 min. east lon. ceeded up the river, which is generally about a face was before level, there is now a perpendicular gitude,-about fifty miles N. W. of Young William's quarter of a mile broad. The country is low, and bank of thirty feet. The spectacle altogether is most Islands; the tops of the trees on the Islands were covered with trees. We passed an extensive fortification. constructed after the European style, After curious, but, as you may imagine, presents no great visible a considerable distance at sea. I had the crew dark we arrived in the midst of the city of Bankok, improvement to the appearance of my farm." of the Hashiny on them refreshing, who were treated the capital of Siam, and took up our quarters in the Gosling, the blacking manufacturer, is likely to with great kindness by the natives. The islands are house assigned for our accommodation. It is a large become a personage as important as his colleague the very thickly inhabited, with plenty of cocoa nuts, building, erected by the Government for a foreign celebrated Hunt, M. P., of London. After driving vegetables, and such refreshments as are necessary factory. I remained in the city about three weeks. about the city in a wagon, with a pair of fine bays, is also an excellent harbor on the eastern part of for crews coming from Japan with the scurvy. There The situation is low. The most remarkable feature two servants in livery, and a trumpeter; after sundry of Bankok is the floating houses, which are con- conflicts in newspapers, and contest with rivals, Young William's Islands." structed on bamboo rafts on each side of the river, sait was commenced against him in the Court of Com. Fire. The Iron Works known as Mifflin Forge, and perhaps contain the largest proportion of three mon Pleas, for 51l. 58. sterling, for goods obtained in the property of T. Stevens, Esq. of Gettysburg, and or four thousand inhabitants. London under the name of Abraham Israel; but Gos- Col. Paxton, of Millerstown, situated on Chambers. "Soon after our arrival, our whole party were ho. ling fought the battle manfully, and proved that Gos-burg and Gettysburg Turnpike, were destroyed by nored in being permitted to pay our respects to the ling was his real name; and that all his little Gos fire on the night of the 12th inst. The works were Phraklang, the Prime Minister. Seats were pro. lings had waddled about under the same title; that he valuable, having been but recently erected. The vided for us, but all his officers, and a large crowd made blacking in Paris for Louis Phillippe and Gen. loss of the proprietors is estimated at 5,000 dollars Melancholy Disaster.-On the night of Wednesday last, the dwelling of Mr. William Irvine, near Degraff's wharf, at Esopas, Ulster county, with all its contents, was destroyed by fire; and what is most distressing, three of his children, between the ages of eight and twelve years, perished in the flames. IMPORTANT STeamboat Cause.---Superior Court, before Judge Oakley.-The Fulton Steamboat Com. pany vs. Abraham Voorhis, James Jenkins, James Hill, and John Voorhis. THE ADDRESS OF J. P. KENNEDY, Esq. STEPHENSON, No. 264 Elizabeth street, near Bleecker street, of Baltimore, delivered before the Members of the Ameri-Builder of a superior style of Passenger Cars for Railroads, FOR SALE, n16 FISHES AND SHELLS OF THE RIVER OHIO.1 dollar. INCOMBUSTIBLE ARCHITECTURE. Apply to C. S. RAFINESQUE, Professor of Hist. and Nat J25 if NOVELTY WORKS, Near Dry Dock, New-York. THOMAS B. STILLMAN, Manufacturer of Steam and other Machinery. Also, Dr. Nott's Patent Tubular Boil Engines, Boilers, Railroad and Mill Work, Lathes, Presses, ers, which are warranted, for safety and economy, to be superior to any thing of the kind heretofore used. The fullest assurance is given that work shall be done well, and on reasclicited. sonable terms. A share of public patronage is respectfully m18 RAILROAD CAR WHEELS AND BOXES, AND OTHER RAILROAD CASTINGS. Also, AXLES furnished and fitted to wheels complete, at the Jefferson Cotton and Wool Machine Factory and Foundry. Paterson, N. J. All orders addressed to the subscribers at Paterson, or 60 Wall street, New-York, will be promptly attended to. Also, CAR SPRINGS. Also, Flange Tires turned complete. J8 ROGERS, KETCHUM & GROSVENOR. ATLANTIC JOURNAL AND FRIEND OF KNOW. LEDGE A Quarterly Journal, by Professor Rafinesque, of This cause which, had been tried more than a dedicate i to Historical and Natural Sciences, Botany, Agricul Philadelphia, begun in the spring of 1832, with wood cuts, &c year since before Chief Justice Jones of this Court,ture, &c. at one dollar per annum. and a new trial obtained, was again tried this week. MEDICAL FLORA OF THE UNITED STATES, in 2 vols. The plaintiffs owned the steamboat Washington, with 100 plates, containing also the economical properties of 500 genera of American plants. $3. which on the 14th May, 1831, was run foul of, and MANUAL OF AMERICAN VINES, and Art of Making sunk in Long Island Sound, by the Chancellor Liv. Wines, with 8 figures. 25 cents. ingston, which was owned by the defendants. The suit was instituted for the recovery of the Washington, between 50,000 and $60,000, as also damages for the loss of the profits which it was alleged would have been received by the running of the Washington during the season. The accident occurred in the night, when the Choncellor Livingston, was coming towards, and the Washington going from New York, ruaning at the rate of 10 knots an hour-and when they first hove in sight were about 11 miles apart.and not liable to sink, at a small expense. They were near Stratford Light House; the Wash. ington keeping on her course was struck by the Chan-nish, at one dollar per lb. cellor Livingston which was partly laying too, and Sciences, Chemist, Architect, &c. in Philadelphia, No, 59 North in a short time the former went down, having scarce. 8th street. A pamphlet given gratis. References in New-York.-Mr. Minor, Editor of the Mcly time to save her passengers. At the former trial, in which the usages of the navigation of the Soundchanics' Magazine; Messre. Rushton & Aspinwall, Druggists. Editors in the city or country, copying this advertisement, were introduced and proved, and in which there was will receive a commission on any contract procured by their a conflict of opinions, the plaintiffs recovered dama-means. 81 RJ M M & F ges to the amount of $30,000.-In the present case, TOWNSEND & DURFEE, ol Palmyra, Manu which lasted three days, after a patient hearing the||facturers of Railroad Rope, having removed their establish jury rendered a verdict for the defendants. ment to Hudson, under the rame of Durfee, Muy & Co. offer to supply Rope of any required length (without splice) for inThe arrival of the British ship Mary, Capt. Tuck-clined planes of Railroacs at the shortest notice, and deliver er, at Natchez, from Liverpool, is spoken of in the them in any of the principal cities in the United States. An to the quality of Rope, the public are referred to J. B. Jervis, Eng. American Standard, as a matter of great rejoicing. M. & H. R. R. Co., Albany; or James Archibald, Engineer This we believe, is the first arrival at that place, of Hudson and Delaware Canal and Railroad Company, Carbon SURVEYING AND NAUTICAL INSTRUMENT a ship from Europe, and it is hailed as an event ofdale, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. Hudson, Columbia county, New-York, vast importance. The paper mentioned above, remarks, that when the packet was six miles below, "the ships St. Louis and Newark displayed their flags our citizens fired a national salute, which was answered by the Mary. The Old Saratoga again thundered forth her welcom, while the steamer Bonia brought her into port in fine style, where she dropped anchor and made fast to shore." SURVEYORS, INSTRUMENTS. Compasses of various sizes and of superior quality, Leveling Instruments, large and small sizes, with high mag-fair terms. Instruments repaired with care and promptitude. nifying powers with glasses made by Troughton, together with a large assortment of Engineering Instruments, manufactured and sold by E. & G. W. BLUNT, 154 Water street, J31 6t 988. It is with much pleasure I can now state that notwithstanding the Instruments in the service procured from our northern cities are considered good, I have a decided preference for those manufactured by you. Of the whole number manufactured for the Department of Construction, to wit: five Levels, and five of the Compasses, not one has required any repairs within the last twelve months, except from the occasional imperfection of a screw, or from accidents, to which all Instruments are liable They possess a firmness and stability, and at the same time neatness and beauty of execution, which reflect much credit on the artists engaged in their construction. I can with confidence recommend them as being worthy the notice of Companies engaged in Internal Improvements, who may require Instruments of superior workmanship. JAMES P. STABLER, Superintendent of Construction of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. [From the Baltimore Chronicle of Thursday.] To Ewin & Heartte.-Agreeably to your request made some months since, I now offer you my opinion of the Instruments Stage Accident.-An unfortunate accident happen. The subscriber manufactures all kinds of Instruments in made at your establishment, for the Baltimore and Oliio Railed on Tuesday evening last, about half past 7 o'clock,hie profession, warranted equal, if not superior, in principles of road Company. This opinion would have been given at a much on the Washington road, between Mr. Butler's, near construction and workmanship to any imported or manufac-earlier periou, but was intentionally delayed, in order to afford Elk Ridge Landing, and the bridge, by the sudden tured in the United States; several of which are entirely new: a longer time for the trial of the Instruments, so that I could coming in contact of Stockton and Stokes' stage, tached, by which angles can be taken with or without the use should be found to possess. among which are an Improved Compass, with a Telescope at- speak with the greater confidence of their merits, if such they bence for Washington, with Beltzhoover' & Co's. of the needle, with perfect accuracy-also, a Railroad Goniom stage, from Washington. The latter had in it five ater, with two Telescopes-and a Levelling Instruinent, with a passengers, all of whom were thrown out, by the Goniometer attached, particularly adapted to Railroad purpoWM. J. YOUNG, stage being upset, which was stove to pieces, and two of them very dangerously hurt. Mr. Delano, of Pittsfield, (Mass.) continued out of his senses last The following recommendations are respectfully submitted evening, with his head much bruised; and a young to Engineers, Surveyors, and others interested. Baltimore, 1832. lady, whose name we did not learn, equally injured In reply to thy inquiries respecting the instruments manu-a about the head-the other three, though badly hurt,factured by thee, now in use on the Baltimore and Ohio Rail were less dangerously so than the others. We do road. I cheerfully furnish thee with the following information. not learn that any uncommon blame is ascribed to ei-The whole number of Levels now in possession of the depart. ment of construction of thy make is seven. The whole num. ther of the drivers. ber of the Improved Compass" is eight. These are all exclusive of the number in the service of the Engineer and GraLaunch.-A new copper-fastened ship of 398 tons,duation Department. built for Mr. Levi Houghton, was launched from his Both Levels and Compasses are in good repair. They have yard on Saturday last. She is intended for the freigh-in fact needed but little repairs, except from acc.dents to which ting business and is commanded by Capt. C. Owen. I have found that thy patterns for the levels and compasses Another-On Monday last, from the yard of the have been preferred by my assistants generally, to any others Messrs. Sprague, a fine new copper-fastened ship of in use, and the Improved Compass is superior to any other de462 tone. She is owned in Providence, and is called cription of Goniometer that we have yet tried in laying the rails the St. Lawrence. all instruments of the kind are liable. on this Road. This instrument, more recently improved with a reversing Another. A fine new ship of 442 tons, called the telescope, in place of the vane sights, leaves the engineer Mount Zion, was launched from the yard of Messrs.scarcely any thing to desire in the formation or convenience.01 the Compass. It is indeed the most completely adapted to later Crookers yesterday. She is owned by them and oth-al angles of any simple and cheap instrument that I have yet era, and is to be commanded by Captain Samuel Swan-seen, and I cannot but believe it will be preferred to all others ton, Jr.-[Bath (Maine) Inquirer, of 15th.] BOSTON AND WORCESTER RAILROAD. Proposals will be received until the 2d December next, for the GRADING AND MASONRY of the Third Division of the Road from Southborough to Grafton. Further information may be obtained at the Company's Rooms, Nos. 7 and 9 Joy's Building, Boston. 16 31 NATHAN HALE, Superintendant. I have examined with care several Engineers' instruinents of your Manufacture, particularly Spirit levels, and burveyor's Compasses; and take pleasure in expressing my opinion ofthe excellence of the workmanship. The parts of the levels appeared well proportioned to secure facility in use, and accu racy and permanency in adjustments. These instruments seemed to me to possess all the modern Improvement of construction, of which so many have been made within these few years; and I have no doubt but they will give every satisfaction when used in the field. WILLIAM HOWARD. U. S. Civil Engineer. Baltimore, May 1st, 1833. To Messrs Ewin'and Heartte-As you have asked me to give my opinion of the merits of those instruments of your manu. tacture which I have either used or examined, I cheerfally state that as far as my opportunities of my becoming aquainted with their qualities have gone, I have great reason to think well of the skill displayed in their construction. The neatness of their workmanship has been the subject of frequent remark by my self, and of the accuracy of their performance I have received satisfactory assurance from others, whose opinion I respect, and who have had them for a considerable time in use. The efforts you have made since your establishment in this city, to now in use for laying of rails-and in fact, when known, I think E. H. GILL, Civil Engineer. TO STEAMBOAT COMPANIES. PROFESSOR RAFINESQUE, of Philadelphia, offers his services to render steamboats incombustible, and not liable ✪to sink, even by the bursting of boilers, or striking against snags, sawyers an I rocks. This will save many boats, much I consider these Instruments admirably calculated for layin property, and the lives of hundreds every year. Those who out Railroads, and can recommend them to the notice of Eagl neglect this easy improvement, deserve to be neglected and de-neers as preferable to any others for that purpose. sorted by the public as unmindful of safety. Apply, post yaid. HENRY R.CAMPBELL, Eng. Philad, SIRJMM & F Germant, and Norrist. Railroad mi ly UNDULATING RAILWAY.-A series of expe-|| accurately measured which the train occupied|| FOUR Numbers more will complete the riments have been some time in progress, on in descending from a state of rest to the point second Volume of the RAILROAD JOURNAL. It a part of the Liverpool and Manchester rail- from which it had previously ascended. Hence way, for the purpose of ascertaining the prac-it was obvious, that if the descent was made in was stated in a previous number that thus far ticability of a scheme suggested and very less time than the ascent, the velocity generated it had not paid its expenses-at the same time strongly entertained by Mr. Badnall, of impell-at the foot of the plane would be proportionably a suggestion was made to Railroad Companies, ing carriages upon a railway by means of a greater than the velocity of the ascending train and to individuals who feel a deep interest in power derived from the inequalities or undnla- at the same point, and, consequently, the de- the success of Internal Improvements, and estions of the line. The directors of the railway monstration would be clear, that the engine pecially of the RAILROAD cause, that they liberally allowed Mr. Badnall the use of two and train would not only have ascended to an engines, the Rocket and the Caledonian, and elevation equal to that from whence it fell, but would probably promote, not only their own, though the temporary defects of the former to a greater one, the extent of which would be but also the public interest, by ordering a few engine did not at first allow of the experiments in proportion to the velocity attained. copies of the Journal from its commencement, being carried to the certainty that the projector Experiment 1. The Liver engine, and a load bound, in volumes or parts, as well as one or desired, they were yet amply sufficient to justi. of 13 waggons, (weighing in all about 724 tons,) fy his confidence in the principle. "I consi- after traversing a distance of three-fourths of two additional subscriptions to the ensuing der," says Mr. Badnall," the results in practice a mile to acquire a sufficient velocity, ran up Volume, and thereby insure its continuance, to confirm most fully the advantages shown on the inclined plane 278 yards; the time occupied and increase its usefulness. In reply to that the models, and I have not the slightest doubt in performing the latter distance being 90 se- suggestion, several liberal and highly complithat it will be found practicable to convey far conds. greater loads from one summit of a curve to Exp. 2. The power being reserved, the enmentary communications have been received another, whose angles do not even exceed that gine and train descended 278 yards, the time from gentlemen in different parts of the country, of the Sutton inclined plane, than any locomo- occupied in the descent, viz. from a state of from which little doubt is entertained by the tive engine can move upon a level road." rest to the point from which the time of ascent proprietor of the success of the measure which There appears to us to be something extreme- had been calculated, being only 50 seconds. he adopted to insure its continuance, and inly feasible in this plan; and being one which Exp. 3. The engine and train having tracan be tested by actual experiment, no extra-versed three-fourths of a mile to generate a crease its utility to the public. It is proper, how. ordinary credulity is involved in giving a seri-sufficient velocity, ascended 278 yards in 75 ever, for him now to state, that, in order to ous consideration to its practical applicability. seconds. insure its success and prosperity, it will not It rests upon one of the simplest laws of na- Exp. 4. The power being reversed, the de- be sent to any subscriber, after the close of the ture, which is within the daily experience of scent of 278 yards was accomplished in 40 sealmost every individual, but heightened, by the conds. present volume, who shall then be in arrear for facilities of the railway into a greater efficienthe work-until payment shall have been made cy of operation. We all know that a wheeled in 80 seconds. for the past, and in advance for the then cur. vehicle, or any other body, moving freely down rent volume. It is also proper for him to state, that, should it be continued in its present form, he will print, of the ensuing volume, a small number only in addition to what will be necessary to supply those who shall commence with the year-and that those extra copies will be designed expressly for those who may desire it from the commencement of the work. Exp. 5. The ascent of 278 yards was made AVERAGE. Total space passed over to 1, Time occupied in ascend- 1,320 yards. 90 seconds. 1,320 do. 1,320 do. 80 75 do. 3,960 do. 245 do. 81 do. Total, It has been suggested to us by several friends of the Journal, that it would be more servicea Tot al space passed over in Time occupied in descend-ble, because better preserved, if it were to be generating velocity on-in a declivity, accumulates a degree of velocity in 49 seconds. Total, clined plane. ing 278 yards. Average, 278 issued in semi-monthly or monthly parts, stitched in a cover, instead of weekly numbers, as heretofore. Of the importance of this suggestion scarcely a doubt can be entertained, as there would be fewer losses in the mails, and they would be much more easily preserved; yet many of its readers desire to learn more freIt is almost needless to add that these ex-quently than once a month what new improveperiments have most fully confirmed the un-ments are being made, and therefore prefer its dulating principle, and proved, beyond all doubt, present arrangement. Others, again, have rethat a locomotive engine and load can traverse commended an increase of price to four, instead a curve or undulation whose two summits are of three dollars. To this suggestion we cer. Admitting the possibility that the use of steam of equal altitude with much greater rapidity, tainly should not object, if we thought our submay be ultimately superseded by this plan, the and, consequently, with far greater economy of scribers generally would cheerfully comply with immense saving which would be accomplished time and power, than a level road of proportion-it. In order, therefore, to ascertain their opin in fuel, carriages, machinery, &c. fills an amaz-ate length. ion upon both suggestions, and at the same time ing space in the contemplation, and would be Mr. Badnall having intimated his opinion, show the work in a semi-monthly form, with a sufficient to counterbalance many attendant that if a velocity of twenty miles an hour were cover, we shall issue the two last numbers of disadvantages. Among the principal of these attained at the foot of the plane by two engines, the present Volume together, with a Title Page would undoubtedly be the additional capital and it would be proved by experiment that an en- and Index to the second or last half of the Vollabor required for the peculiar construction of gine could move from one summit of an undula- ume, that they may then say how they prefer to such a line of railway, in which a level tract of tion to another summit nearly, if not quite, receive it the ensuing year. country, so important a desideratum under the double the load which that engine was capable present method, would present one of the of moving on a level, it was determined by the Host formidable obstacles. We trust, howev- gentlemen present to decide this important er, that the subject will meet with that serious question in the course of a few days. attention which it unquestionably merits, and in the mean time we publish, with Mr. Badnall's authority, the result of his experiments on Wednesday last. We understand from a gentleman who has just passed over the Camden and Amboy Railroad, that The following engineers were present, viz. by a very simple contrivance, adopted since the reMr. R. Stephenson, senior, the Messrs. Dixons, cent accident, the recurrence of a similar event need Mr. Daglish, and Mr. Badnall, who agreed that not be apprehended, as in case of breaking an axle, the truth and validity of the principle would be or even a wheel, the car will be sustained and the effectually determined by the following test: As great a velocity as possible being attained progress of the train be uninterrupted. We are happy to learn also, that the troublesome annoyance by the engine before reaching a given point on the inclined plane, the time was to be accurate- arising from the sparks and cinders is entirely rely ascertained which the train occupied in as-moved on this road, as well as on the Newcastle conding from that point to a state of rest. The road, although by a different contrivance [Philad. power being then reversed, the time was to be Gazette.] *** Necessity, and necessity only, will com pel a discontinuance of many exchange papers, and the Proprietor trusts that those Editors who may not receive the Journal after the first number of the ensuing volume, will attribute its discontinuance to the true cause, viz, a want of patronage to meet its necessary expenses, and not to a want of inclination to reciprocate their favors. Should a different state of affairs result from his present exertions, he will be happy again to renew the acquaintance. He regrets also that he is entirely unable to comply with the oft-repeated "Please exchange." Union. Nothing would afford him more plea which meets his eye from every quarter of the sure than to exchange with all who may desire it-except such an increase of patronage as would afford him a handsome income over all exponses. AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, AND ADVOCATE OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. PUBLISHED WEEKLY, AT No. 35 WALL STREET, NEW-YORK, AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. D. K. MINOR, EDITOR.] CONTENTS: page 769 .770 Editorial Notices-Railroad Meeting; Turnpike to Sy- ...... 771 .773 .774 On the Cultivation of Bees (with engravings), &c...775-6 Message of the President of the United States to Domestic and Foreign Intelligence; Letter of H.. Meteorological Records; Marriages, Deaths, &c. .780-1 782 AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, &c. NEW-YORK, DECEMBER 7, 1833. railroads. They are constructed upon the plan TURNPIKE TO SYRACUSE.-The road between patented by Colonel LONG, of the United States this place and Syracuse, (says the Pulaski Banner of 23d November,) is a subject of general Army, a gentleman to whom this country is execration and complaint; and we are exceedindebted for many important discoveries and ingly glad to be able to announce that meainventions. We are promised a more particu-sures are about to be taken for its improvelar description, with drawings of these bridges, ment. There is nothing which gives a place which we shall take pleasure in laying before so bad an odor abroad, as impassable roadsour readers; and we most cheerfully recom- of Mother Earth, there can be found no other and we are bold to say, that on the round face mend Mr. Hassard to the notice of those who wrinkle so deep and so disgusting as the timedesire to construct works of a similar character. honored wrinkle between Pulaski and Syraboth "The bridge over the Hackensack, which is cuse. Every one will rejoice, therefore, that 777 1700 feet long, and which traverses the river her ladyship's face, in this matter, is about to diagonally, received and sustained the cars, be overhauled and improved. .....784 travelling at a round trot, as solidly as the At a general meeting held at Central Square, earth itself; so well and securely is it braced Oswego co. on Saturday, November 9th, 1833, in all its parts, and yet presenting to the eye a to take into consideration the propriety of esstructure remarkable for lightness of appear-tablishing a turnpike from Syracuse to the vilance. The draw-the first level one we re- lage of Pulaski, William Ford, Esq. was called member to have seen is most ingeniously to the chair, and Edward M. Fitch appointed contrived. When the passage is to be opened, secretary. On motion of H. Fitch, it was rea moveable platform of equal length with the solved, That a committee, to consist of N. I. draw, and constituting part of the road, is Roosevelt and Miles Hotchkiss, Central Square; made to slide aside, and the draw takes its John Leach, jun., Cicero; Erasmus Stand, and place. The machinery for effecting this is so Benj. F. Williams, Salina; Elam Lynds and simple, that a single man can do the whole. M. D. Burnet, Syracuse; Avery Skinner, Union BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD REPORT.-The draw in the bridge over the Passaic is Square; Hiram Hubbell, and L. D. Mansfield, We are indebted to P. E. THOMAS, Esq. Presi- lifted in a single piece; and as that is necessa- Pulaski,-be appointed, whose duty it shall be dent of the Company, for one copy, and to an rily very heavy, being near thirty feet long, and to inquire into the practicability of constructing unknown friend for a duplicate, of the seventh of strong and well secured timbers, it would the above-mentioned road, and to take such seem to require no trifling mechanical force to measures as they may deem expedient to facilannual report of the proceedings of this com- move it; yet, by means of a weight duly calitate the object, and to make such report at the pany, a part of which will be found in this num-culated, connected with the chains by which house of M. Hotchkiss, on Tuesday, the 3d of December, at one o'clock, P. M. ber of the Journal. It will be continued in our the draw is raised, but suspended at such a distance form the fulcrum as to furnish, as the next, together with such of the accompanying bridge rises, a counterbalancing force to its documents as we may deem of general inter-weight, the whole mass is raised by a single est. We have also received a report of the man turning an ordinary crank." committee of the Charleston Railroad Company, on CARS, which will be noticed in our next. We would call attention to the advertisement on the last page of this number of the Journal, of the American Steam Carriage Company of Philadelphia. Resolved, That the secretary be authorized to apprise the above mentioned committee of their appointment. Resolved, That said meeting adjourn to meet again at said place on Tuesday, December 3d, 1833. RAILROAD MEETING.-The Dayton Journal says "We were highly gratified at witnessing Why a turnpike? Why not a railroad at PATERSON RAILROAD OPENING.-We regret the interest manifested by our citizens on the once? As there must be a railroad within a having been unable to accept of the polite in-subject of railroads, at the meeting on Wed- few years, why not commence it at once? It is vitation from the President of the Company to nesday evening. It equalled our wishes, and better to appropriate every dollar towards such attend the opening to Bergen, on the 29th ult., even surpassed our hopes. The books were a work as will be of lasting utility, than to conof the Paterson and Hudson Railroad. We, opened for subscription, and before the meet- struct a turnpike now, and then a railroad herehowever, copy from the New-York American ing adjourned, 811 shares were subscribed for. after. Nothing short of a railroad should saan account of the event, and shall take the ear-A committee of gentlemen were then named, tisfy. liest opportunity of visiting it, and again refer to call personally upon such citizens as had to it more at length. We cannot, however, not subscribed at the meeting, and receive their!! Cotton in Florida-By a statement in the last Floomit to call attention to the bridges, a descrip-subscriptions, and 405 additional shares have ridian we perceive that a great increase in the protion of one of which we take from the New-York been taken. The stock subscriced in the coun-duction of cotton is taking place every year. From American. It was built, we understand, by ty at the first opening of the books previous to two ports in Middle Florida, St. Marks and Magno. Mr. Thomas Hassard, of Baltimore, who has the survey of the route, amounted to 217 ha, in 1825, 64 bales cotton were shipped. In the also built several others upon the same plan on shares; so that the whole which has been ta- year from the 1st of July 1832, to the 1st of July the Baltimore and Susquehanna, the Boston ken in this county now amounts to 1432 shares, 1833, 9675.bales were shipped from the same ports This fact speaks for itself. and Providence, and the Boston and Worcesterllor $71,650." their axles, will vary in the direct ratio of the cosines of the inclinations of the planes; the weight of the cars and all other things being equal. For in ordinary railroad cars there is no rubbing surface intervening between the point where the moving power is applied, and the point where its action takes effect upon the load; and, therefore, when such cars are drawn upon an ascending plane, the nominal pressure is that alone which is subject to any rubbing friction at the axle, with the exception only of the small force required in giving mo. tion, to the wheels and axles themselves. And in like manner the same thing may be shown to be true when the car is descending by the force of gravity, or ascending by the force of inertia; and hence the only sensible friction at the axles, in every case, will be that which arises from the normal pressure alone, and which will be proportional thereto. But the normal pressure varies as the cosine of the inclination of the plane see Courtney's Treatise on Mechanics, art. 265, "therefore, when railroad cars of the usual construction," &c. &c. Q. E. D. Corol. 1. And hence the friction at the axles Plan for Railroad Turnouts. [Communicated rance to the flange of the wheels, and by by the Inventor for the American Railroad moving the lever D in the position of fig. Journal, and Advocate of Internal Improve- 1, you bring A A back in their original po-will offer a reduced resistance to a moving sition; you move against the bar C in ments.] The advantages that this plan of turnout its working position, and move e out of its power when the car is situated either upon the ascending or descending plane; but the hori has over the various plans now in use consists place to give elearance to the flange of the zontal and undulating ways are upon perfect in the great diminution of curvature, viz. in. wheel. The bars A A have been calculated in equality as far as the accelerative force of grastead of moving the portable end of the bars, the diagram to diverge one inch from a straight||vity is alone connected, and it therefore follows, that any moving power considered sepaA A, sufficiently to form a connection with the line, and by running the same curvature regu-rately from the effect of gravity, will act upon double track, which must be sufficient to give larly from a tangent, the permanent end of the the undulating line with an effect greater than clearance to the flange of wheels between the bar c, or C C, will diverge four inches from a upon the horizontal line, in the given ratio of rails, as in the present mode, the rails A A straight line, that is, calculating the bars to be radius to the cosines of the inclination of each move only one inch, and, as per description of di- 164 feet long by 2 inches wide, and will give 2 plane. agram, one rail of the turnout and one of the inches clearance for flanges of wheels and a single track move alternately into its place, to curvature of a fraction over 2° 15'. form the required connection with the bars A A, and out of its place to give clearance to the flange of wheels; the objection to the bars b and c being loose at one end is overcome by the wheels taking a bearing upon the perma. nent rail of the track, laying alongside of and nearly parallel. Corol. 2. But agreeably to the principles of trigonometry, the cosines of all ares near the commencement of the quadrant will differ but little from radius, and the utmost practical limit On the Practical Effect of Undulating Rail-in these ares; and it therefore follows that the of inclination must for many reasons fall withways. By J. S. VAN DE GRAAFF. [To the available reduction of friction by means of an Editor of the American Railroad Journal, and undulating road cannot be of any practical utility Advocate of Internal Improvements.] in transporting upon railways. It would require an inclination of 25° 50' to reduce the friction at the axles even one-tenth part less than upon a horizontal road; and such an inclination it is very well known would be attended with difficulties in the practical use of Sir, In several recent numbers of your Journal I have observed a controversy, taken from the London Mechanics' Magazine, upon the subject of undulating railways. To deter the road, which would be much more formida A A are the portable bars, or switches, on the single track; B B are bars of the same track; and C C are the bars terminating or commen- mine the motion of an ordinary car, when pro-ble than the friction at the axle itself. cing a double track. A A connects by means pelled by any given moving power, upon a gi- Scholium. The above reasoning will obtain of cross rods a a a a, b c are connected by cross ven inclined plane, agreeably to the received in reference to cars of every description when rods, and are portable at one end in like man- laws of gravity and friction, is a problem strict- they are made to ascend a plane by the force of ner to A A; the cast iron arch G, the levers ly determinable by analytical computation, and inertia only. But when a car is made to asD E, and the vertical shaft F, are the appara- it is a little extraordinary that such a subject it becomes necessary particularly to discrimicend a plane by a force different from inertia, tus for working the different bars by means of should have remained so long a matter of dis-nate the points where the power is first apthe connecting rods hi. It may be necessary pute, and referred at last to experiment for de-plied, and where it takes effect upon the load; to mention that E is a double lever, and the pro- cision. The object of the present article is to and it is a neglect of this consideration which portion from F to either end is as one is to deduce such results from the mathematical S. D. page 674, of this Journal, when he suphas led into error a writer whose signature is three. b and c compose one bar of each track, principles of natural philosophy, as will easily poses the friction at the axle to be a different and are connected to the long end of the lever guide the engineer to a correct judgment of the quantity when the car is ascending and deE by the connecting rod h. A A form bars of practical effect of such a railway; and in order scending. All that is here said must be underboth tracks according to their different posi- to avoid all those disputes which have arisen stood in reference only to cars whose constructions, and are connected to the short end of the from the loose and unscientific method of rea- tervening between the point where the power is tion is such as to give no rubbing surface inlever E by the connecting rod i. It will reasoning hitherto given upon this subject, I must applied and the point where its action takes dily be perceived by a reference to the diagram begin by demonstrating the theorems upon place upon the load. The ordinary railroad that, by moving the lever D, fig. 1, in the posi- which the decision of the question will depend. car is of this description. But it will be easy tion of D, fig. 2, D and E being both permanentto see that, with respect to a locomotive engine car, the case will be very different as far as the ly fixed upon the vertical shaft F, which pass- When railroad cars of the usual construc-axle of the propelling wheels is concerned; for es through the cast iron arch G, you will move tion are in motion upon straight inclined the friction of the bearings of the axle will be the bars A A to connect with the double track, planes, whether they be descending by the force less when the engine is travelling upon a level and at the same time move the bar c into its of gravity, ascending by the force of inertia, or nation. Nevertheless, the friction at the axle road than when climbing a plane of any incliproper place, which, being connected with the propelled by any moving power: I say, the re- of the propelling wheels upon the plane will be bar b, is drawn out of its place, to give clea ||sistance to motion, arising from the fricton o less than when the engine is drawing a weight THEOREM I. |