Professor Warren presented the following report of the committee on the relations of the Association to American periodicals concerned with psychological research: "During the past year we have discussed several projects for coöperation among the periodicals for the benefit of their contributors and readers. Besides the question of a psychological Centralblatt, which was before us last year, we have considered propositions for coöperation in subscriptions, for the better support of scientific publications by scientists, for the regulation of exchanges, and for systematic information of contributors as to requirements and etiquette in offering contributions. We cheerfully recognize the obligations of scientific periodicals to their contributors and readers as represented in this Association. Nevertheless each topic brought forward has revealed considerable divergence of standpoint and interest among the periodicals represented on the committee.

"After two years of friendly discussion we have reached the conclusion that no useful end would be served by continuing this Committee. The present committee has been successful in bringing the magazines together and promoting good feeling among them as never before. We believe that any further coöperation would best be accomplished in a more informal manner, on the initiative of the editors themselves. We therefore ask that this committee be discharged."

The report was accepted and the committee discharged.

The report of the committee on the relations of psychology and medical education outlined the scope of an inquiry it has under way. The Association voted to accept the report, to continue the committee, to continue the appropriation set aside last year for its expenses, and to authorize the publication of the finished report of the committee immediately upon the conclusion of the investigation. The expenditure of $20 to cover the cost of publication was authorized.

The following expenditures were also authorized: A sum not to exceed $25 for expenses incurred by the special committee on methods of nomination, in gathering data for their report; a like sum to cover expenses of the nominating committee for the current year; and a like sum to cover express charges and other expenses which may be incurred in arranging an apparatus exhibit at the next annual meeting.

At the annual meeting in 1911 the following resolution had been introduced by Professor Cattell and, on his motion, referred to the Council for consideration and report: "Resolved, that the American Psychological Association regards it as inadvisable for any of its members to accept a position in a summer school in which the rate

of payment per week is less than he receives during the academic year, or to take an extension or similar course for which the payment pro rata is less than for his regular work."

Upon recommendation of the Council, the Association, after full discussion, voted unanimously to adopt this resolution, and to instruct the secretary to transmit copies to the directors of summer schools.

The Association also adopted the following resolutions, upon recommendation of the Council: "Resolved, that the American Psychological Association lends its support in any efforts which the A. A. A. S. may make to secure action by the United States Government permitting duty-free importation of scientific books in English. Resolved, that the secretary be directed to transmit a copy of these resolutions to the Council of the A. A. A. S."

The following resolution, presented by Professor Pierce, was unanimously adopted by a rising vote: "Resolved, that the Association extend a very cordial vote of thanks to Professor Aikins for the various courtesies and hospitalities which the members have so thoroughly enjoyed at his hands; and also that there be expressed to the Western Reserve University and especially to Professor Whitman the Association's appreciation of the adequate arrangements and accommodations provided in connection with the place of meeting."

On motion, the meeting adjourned.

Ideo-Motor Action. Address of the President. EDWARD L. THORNDIKE, Columbia University.

The speaker described the various forms in which the doctrine of ideo-motor action is now held true, and argued against the truth of the doctrine that an idea tends in and of itself to produce the act which it resembles. His argument was, that the facts alleged in support of this doctrine are all better accounted for by the laws of habit, pure and simple; that, experimentally, ideas of acts do not per se produce them; and that, in judgments of the potency of particular ideas, even the defenders of the doctrine abandon it. This last point was illustrated from the records of an experiment in measuring the belief of the Association as a group on certain significant issues. It was then shown that the doctrine of ideo-motor action, even in its present most approved forms, is the descendant and h mologue of primitive man's general belief in sympathetic magicone of the relics of teleological thinking which psychology still cherishes.

(This paper will appear in full in the March number of the PsyCHOLOGICAL REVIEW.)

Behavior as a Psychological Category. JAMES R. ANGELL, University of Chicago.

Consciousness has been attacked from two directions. The philosophers have exhibited its metaphysical limitations while certain psychologists, especially the comparative psychologists, have urged the desirability of substituting for it some term like behavior.

Two main motives are to be noted in the psychological attack. First, the ambition to describe all conscious process in terms of objective behavior. Second, the distrust of introspection and the desire to replace it with other and more reliable scientific methods. Theoretically, it should be possible to state differences of mental conditions in terms of overt behavior. Practically, this is in some instances easy to do, in other instances extremely difficult. The frailties of introspection are real but hardly different in kind from those of other scientific methods - popular prejudice to the contrary notwithstanding. The criticisms of the psychoanalytic school are in part irrelevant, because they tend to confuse introspection as a method affording descriptions of conscious experience, with introspection as a method adequate to explain the presence of a given state of consciousness.

The tendency to enlarge objective modes of describing behavior ought to be encouraged inasmuch as it falls in line with the most substantial forms of scientific progress. The tendency to discount introspection, while wholesome in so far as it looks toward the betterment of methodological procedure, is premature, if not unjustifiable, in so far as it proposes to do away wholly with resort to introspection.

Structure versus Function in Psychopathology. E. E. SOUTHARD, Massachusetts Psychopathic Hospital.

Demonstration of a Case of Amnesia. H. AUSTIN AIKINS, Western Reserve University.

This case, discovered by Dr. Carlyle Pope, was studied in conjunction with Dr. Chas. W. Stone, Dr. J. S. Moore and others. H., present at meeting, is an attractive and gifted boy of 19, who was found unconscious on sidewalk at 2 A.M., November 8, 1912. Coming to 18 hours later, he said he had just been at his mother's funeral. Funeral actually took place sixteen months earlier, and H. had fallen unconscious when about to enter church. Examinations showed hysterical hypæsthesias, unstable emotions, deficient moral discipline and bad early associations.

Hypnoidal visions, easily induced at first and startlingly clear, all proved to come from important scenes in the lost period, though they seemed quite new and inexplicable to patient at the time. Association experiments with Jung's 100 words produced no perceptible fluctuations in galvanometer and very little variation in reaction time. The first 60 reactions in first experiment seemed to

indicate blocked associations (e. g., cold-very, ask-anything, pity-much) and proved later to be highly significant. Subsequent reactions were usually visualizations, some of them at least from the lost period. Other glimpses of the lost period were had in dreams, natural or induced, and in two or three spontaneous daydreams.

Starting with such clues as these and others supplied by his friends we resorted to hypnotism and gradually pushed towards both ends of the lost period, though it was weeks before we could get him to approach very near to either end of it. Even now in hypnosis H. is practically an alternating personality; he can tell about the lost period if started in it, but gets confused and wakens up if urged to pass either into it or out of it.

H.'s life during this period contained strong conflicting passions and interests, not very well controlled, in spite of an idealized sentimental friendship with another boy. It culminated in a dramatic struggle between friendship and moral indignation and in an open

conflict with desperate degeat left him terror-stricken,

exhausted and probably fainting where he was found.

In H.'s attitude towards mother, father, brothers and sisters Freudians would find a weldred-and Edipus complex, and in the image-content of adolescent night terrors attributed at first to a dog bite they would find striking significant embolic substitutions.

H. is gradually getting hold of more and more of the lost period, but only as recollections of scenes in visions, dreams and hypnoses. Many of the events so far revealed are such as one might naturally wish to repress.

[The following note from Professor Aikins was received by the Secretary under date of January 17: "H's memory come back this morning. Last night we cleared away a bad set of buried memories at the beginning of the lost period. The others, you remember, were at the end."]

Demonstration and Design of Apparatus to Simulate the Working of Nervous Discharges. S. BENT RUSSELL, St. Louis.

First is given a theory for the working of nervous discharges and development of nervous channels. It does not consider definite molecular or chemical changes but rather advances "a mechanism of associative memory.'

The second topic for discussion is based on the first and is a brief illustrated description of a practical mechanical device which will