to finish his work without any more returns of his giddie

ness.

I have seen a large spoonful of the juice of this plant given to a dog, which made him very sick and stupid, but in about an haur ho itɩovered: and 1 have seen a goat eat it with impunity.

To those of the human kind, who have been so unfortunate as to eat any part of this plant, a vomit is the most approved remedy.

ANGELICA SYLVESTRIS. Wild Angelica. It renders hay ungrateful to cattle.

LIGUSTICUM SCOTICUM. Scotch Parsley or Lovage. It is some

times eaten raw as a salad, or boiled as greens. The root is reckoned a good carminative. An infusion of the leaves in whey they give their calves to purge them.

DAUCUS CAROTA. Wild Carrot, or Bird's Nest. The seeds are a

powerful diuretic: an infusion of them in ale or in water as a tea have been found to give relief in the gravel. The garden carrot differs from this only by culture.

CONIUM MACULATUM. Hemlock. This plant has certainly narcotic

and poisonous qualities, but notwithstanding this it has lately been introduced into the Materia Medica, as an excellent medicine to remove almost every complaint arising from obstructions in the glands. The celebrated STORK first brought it into its present reputation: that gentleman, by many repeated experiments, found, that an extract, prepared from the fresh roots in the Spring, was a very powerful and efficacious remedy in almost all kinds of ulcerous, scrophulous, and even cancerous disorders.

HERACLEUM SPONDYLIUM. Cow Parsnep. Gmelin, in his Flor. Sibirica, p. 214. tells us, that the inhabitants of Kamtschatka, about the beginning of July, collect the footstalks of the ra dical leaves of this plant, and after peeling off the rind, dry them separately in the sun, and then tying them in bundles they lay them up carefully in the shade in a short time af. terwards these dried stalks are covered over with a yellow saccharine efflorescence, tasting like liquorice, and in this state they are eaten as a great delicacy.

The Russians, not content with eating the stalks thus prepared,

contrive to get a very intoxicating spirit from them, by first fermenting them in water with the greater Billberries, (Vaccinium uliginosum) and then distilling the liquor to what degree of strength they please, which Gmelin says is more agreeable to the taste than spirits made from corn. This may therefore prove a good succedaneum for whiskey, and prevent the consumption of much barley, which ought to be applied to better purposes. Swine and rabbits are very fond of this plant. In the county of Norfolk it is called Hog-weed. ATHAMANTA MEUM. Spignel, Meu. The root has a warm spicy taste, and is sometimes used in medicine as a carminative and diuretic.

BUNIUM BULBOCASTANUM. Earth Nut, or Pig Nut. The roots are bulbous, and taste like a chesnut, whence the trivial name of Bulbocastanum. Many persons are fond of them, and in some parts of England they boil them in broth, and serve them up to table.

CRITHMUM MARITIMUM. Samphire. The leaves of this plant are used in England as a well known pickle, of a warm aromatic flavour.

IMPERATORIA OSTRUTHIUM.

Masterwort. The root is warm and aromatic, and is esteemed a good sudorific. There are recorded instances of its curing the ague, when the bark has failed. It should be dug up in the winter, and a strong infu. sion made in wine.

ETHUSA CYNAPIUM. Lesser Hemlock, or Fool's Parsley. The plant when bruised has a strong virulent smell, something like garlick. Its qualities correspond to the smell, for it is of a poisonous nature, producing stupors, vomitings, and convulsions. Cooks therefore cannot be too careful that they mistake it not for parsley, which it a good deal resembles. PHELLANDRIUM AQUATICUM. Water Hemlock. Linnæus in

forms us that the horses in Sweden, by eating this plant, are seized with a kind of palsy, which he supposes is brought upon them not so much by any noxious qualities in the plant itself, as by a certain insect which breeds in the stalks, called by him, for that reason, Curculeo paraplecticus. Syst. Nat. 610. Purging and bleeding is the best remedy.

CICUTA VIROSA, Long-leaved Water Hemlock. Of the few vege

table poisons in Great Britain this is one of the principal.
It is destructive not only to man, but according to most wri-
ters on the subject, to almost every beast, except perhaps the
goat, which is said to devour it as a grateful food.

- viride licet pinguescere sæpe cicuta,
Barbigeras pecudes, hominique est acre venenum.

LUCRET.

Linnæus assures us that he has known cattle to die by eating the roots; and Webfer informs us, that one ounce of it threw a dog into convulsions, and two ounces killed it: he mentions also its direful effects upon several other animals. And Schwenke, a German writer, gives an account of four boys, who had the misfortune to eat of it; three of whom died in convulsions. Strong emetics, administered as soon as possible are the most approved antidote.

ÆGOPODIUM PODAGRARIA. Gout-weed. The young leaves in the spring, are eaten in Sweden and Switzerland as greens. CARUM CARUI. Caraways. The seeds are a well-known carminative. The young leaves are good in soups, and the roots are by some esteemed a delicate food.

SAMBUCUS EBULUS. Dwarf Elder. The roots are a powerful diuretic a decoction of them has been found serviceable in the dropsy.

NIGRA. Common Elder. An infusion of the inner green bark of this shrub in white wine, or its expressed juice to the quantity of half an ounce, or an ounce, is said to prove a moderate cathartic, and in small doses to be an efficacious deobstruent. The bruised leaves in a cataplasm are sometimes applied outwardly in erysipelas and pleurisies, and are reckoned to be very relaxing. The dried flowers are a sudorific, and the juice of the berries, inspissated to the consistence of a rob, proves a safe and useful aperient medicine, good in obstructions of the viscera, and to promote the natural evacuations. The berries are also used to make a wine, which has something of the flavour of frontiniac; and in some countries they dye cloth of a brown colour with them. The young umbels before the flowers expand are by some esteemed for pickling.

Order V. Pentagynia.

LINUM USITATISSIMUM. Flax. Not to mention the great economical use of this plant in making of linen, the seeds are esteemed an excellent emollient and anodyne: they are used externally in cataplasms, to assuage the pain of inflamed tumours: internally, a slight infusion of linseed, by way of tea, is recommended in coughs as an excellent pectoral, and of great service in pleurisies, and nephritic complaints.

CATHARTICUM. Purging Flax. A drachm of the dried plant pulverized, or an infusion of a handful of it in whey or water, is a safe purge.

Order IX. Monacia.

BRYONIA ALBA. White Bryony. The roots are very large, white, and branched, and by the help of moulds, have been formed into human shape, and exhibited to the ignorant for mandrakes. The whole plant is strongly purgative. The root is bitter, acrid, foetid, and nauseous. One drachm of it is the common dose; two drachms have been given to dropsical persons with good success, but it is rarely prescribed in the present practice.

Order X. Diœcia.

HUMULUS LUPULUS. Hops. The young shoots boiled, and eaten in the Spring, like asparagus, are by many reckoned a delicacy. The hops themselves are bitter and aromatic; a strong decoction of them is esteemed a powerful lithrontriptic; but their principal use is in brewing ale, to prevent its turning sour.

Order XI. Syngenesia.

LEONTODON TARAXACUM.

Dandelion. The plant has a bitter

milky juice, and a remarkable diuretic quality.

The

young leaves in the spring, when blanched and tender, are admired by many as a salad. They are recommended thus taken for the jaundice and gravel.

AUTUMNALE. Yellow ditto. The flower opens about seven o'clock in the morning, and closes at three in the afternoon.

SONCHUS OLERACEUS. Common Sow-thistle. The young tender leaves of sow-thistle are in some countries boiled and eaten as greens. They are of a cooling nature, and applied outwardly, by way of cataplasm, have been found serviceable in inflammatory swellings and carbuncles. Swine, hares, and rabbits are fond of them.

The flowers open about six or seven o'clock in the morning, and shut up again at eleven or twelve.

LACTUCA VIROSA. Strong-scented Wild Lettuce. The whole

plant is full of a bitter milky juice, which when dry is inflammable, and not inferior to opium in its virtues. The leaves are, narcotic, and if eaten will intoxicate, which has occasioned it to be called poisonous, and men have from thence been frighted from the use of it; but it is a very gentle and safe opiate. The best way of giving it is in a syrup made from a decoction of the fresh leaves and stalk. In this way it is said to be much preferable to the common diacodium, and may be given to tender constitutions with more safety.

LAPSANA COMMUNIS. Nipple-wort. The young leaves in the spring have the taste of radishes, and are eaten by the inhabitants of Constantinople raw as a salad. In some parts of England the common people boil them as greens, but they have a bitter and not agreeable taste.

TRAGOPOGON PRATENSE. Yellow Goat's-beard. If the weather be fair, the flowers of this plant open at the rising of the sun, and close again between nine and ten o'clock in the morning. They ripen their seeds in three weeks from the first expansion. The roots are esculent, being boiled and served up to table in the manner of asparagus. The spring shoots are also eaten by some in the same manner. But that which is cultivated in gardens for culinary purposes is generally another species, the Tragopogon porrifolium, Lin. commonly called by the gar deners Salsafy.

ARCTIUM LAPPA. Burdock. This plant, though generally neglected, is capable of being applied to many uses, the root and stalks are esculent and nutritive: the stalks for this purpose should be cut before the plant flowers, the rind peeled off, and then boiled and served up in the manner of cardoons, or eaten raw as a salad with oil and vinegar,