action now extant. On the surrender of the city, however, in a very short time afterwards, Philip took ample vengeance on the base perpetrators of this unmanly outrage. Such of them as were the most active in it, he commanded to be cast into caldrons of boiling water, where they miserably perished; and various other punishments, equally severe in degree, were inflicted on every one of those who were known to be in any way participators in it.

Andernach was subsequently engaged in almost all the insurrections which took place from the twelfth to the fifteenth century against the archbishops of Cologne; and in every one of these popular outbreaks its citizens are to be found among the most active antagonists of the ecclesiastical pretensions. The last insurrection of any note that they were involved in was the unsuccessful one of 1496,* in which they were defeated, deprived of their privileges, and their city, irrevocably degraded, annexed to the principality of Cologne.

During this period there existed a perpetual feud between the burghers of Linz and the citizens of Andernach; and to such a pitch was its virulence carried, that not alone was there no intercourse kept up between them, and marriages forbidden, but a sermon was also preached in public, in the market-place of the latter city, on St. Bartholomew's day in every year, for the sole purpose of vilipending the inhabitants of the former, and keeping alive a spirit of unceasing animosity against them. It is stated that this insane hatred arose from the circumstance of an unforeseen and unexpected attack of the burghers of Linz on the citizens of Andernach, in which a great number of the latter were unresistingly massacred; but authentic local or general history makes no mention of the matter.

The remaining history of Andernach is soon related. It was attacked and stormed by the Swedes in the Thirty Years' War, A.D. 1632; and fifty-six years afterwards it was again captured and pillaged by the French troops, in one of the desolating campaigns of that period (A.D. 1688). In the very same year, also, it became a prey to fire, which destroyed almost every residence left standing within its walls-seventy-four houses

VOL. I.

• Vide vol. i. p. 189, art. “Bonn."

F F

only escaping the flames of all within the circuit of the city. It has never since recovered its pristine importance; and even now it is but at best a heap of inhabited ruins.

Andernach is full of remains of the classical as well as of the middle ages. Local antiquarians claim the illustrious Roman emperor, Valentinian the First, as their townsman, and confidently assert that his body lies interred in the beautiful parochial church, of which a view is given in the accompanying illustrations to this volume.* They also insist upon it, that the race of Merovignian monarchs had their abode as well as their origin within its walls; and in proof of the various traditions which they still preserve upon that subject, they shew the extensive ruins of the regal palace of these ancient Frankish kings, in the vicinity of the river. These ruins, however, are now known to belong to the abode of the dukes, or Gau-grafs of Austrasia, who governed the district under the Merovignian and Carlovignian dynasties; but, in strict truth, it must be added, that there is nothing whatever to disprove the possibility of that weak and wicked race of sovereigns having taken their rise, and occasionally held their court, within its precincts. Among the legends of that race these are related:

ORIGIN.

:

The first monarch of the Franks of whom history makes any mention is Clodio, the son of Pharamond, and father of Merovæus, who gave name to the Merovignian dynasty. Clodio lived in the beginning of the fifth century, and, according to tradition, for history knows nothing of him besides his name, -resided at Andernach, on the Rhine. It was in the ancient palace of the Austrasian kings, the remains of which are still to be seen in that venerable city, that his son Merovæus was born: how he was begotten, the legend itself shall state:

It was noon, in the middle of the burning summer of the

* Valentinian died at Bregetio, on the Danube, near the present city of Presburg, of an immoderate fit of rage with the deputies of the rebellious Quadii, Nov. 17th, A.D. 375. It is, therefore, altogether improbable that he could have been buried in Andernach.