rows, as it would probably supersede the necessity of an additional ploughing. "The Directors, upon the motion of Sir John Sinclair, resolved, That Mr Gray, maker of agri, cultural implements, be directed to repair to East Lothian,-to examine this machine,—and to take a drawing of it, and, after ascertaining the sen timents of such farmers there as had used it, to report his opinion and observations thereupon, with a drawing of the machine, to the Standing Committee of the Society on Machinery; and, in the event of the report being favourable, the Committee is authorized to take such steps, for recommending the bringing of this implement into more general use, as may appear expedient. " * * A very favourable Report, founded on the experience of several eminent farmers in East Lothian, having been accordingly laid before the Committee on Machinery, Mr John Shirreff was requested to draw up an account of the advantages of this implement,-which was immediately published by the Society; and premiums were at the same time offered to encourage its more general use in Scotland.-E. ACCOUNT OF THE GRUBBER: AN INSTRUMENT RECENTLY INTRODUCED INTO EAST LOTM THIAN, FOR PULVERIZING THE GROUnd, and dimINISHING THE EXPENSE OF CULTIVATION. WITH AN EN GRAVING, A DESCRIPTION OF THE IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION, AND AN EXPLANATION OF THE Advantages ATTENDING IT. Drawn up at the desire of the Highland Society of Scotland, THE means of simplifying and facilitating labour, have formed an object of solicitous attention, and engaged the minds of men of the greatest ingenuity in all ages, and in every civilized country. The invention of, and improvement in machinery, employed in the various arts practised, and manufactures fabricated in our own country alone, have been, in the memory of thousands now living, both numerous and important; and it may safely be asserted, that, by these disco veries and improvements, Great Britain has, in a great measure, been enabled to lead, and surpass the whole world, in the arts which constitute the basis of wealth, and create the resources of nations. Only forty years ago our implements of agriculture were few, awkward, and clumsy; of course their operations were, comparatively, slowly and imperfectly executed. From the improv ed construction of the plough, one man, and a pair of horses, or oxen, now do as much, or more work, than two men and four horses, or sometimes a dozen of oxen did, only thirty years ago, and to much better purpose. Even a single horse or ox draws a plough with ease, in performing several important operations in modern farming; particularly in carting, and in the drill husbandry, as in depositing seeds, cleaning the intervals of rows, &c.; and these practices have given increased satisfaction, and been almost universally adopted. A thrashing machine, attended by a man and three or four women, will do the work of from ten to twenty stout men, or more, using the flail, according to the size and strength of the machinery, and power employed to drive it; while it will execute the work much more completely, separating the grain from the straw, and the chaff and small seeds from the grain, all at the same time. It also delivers the grain for the market in a far drier, and sweeter state, that when the flail is used. Various implements of different denominations, though generally of somewhat similar construc tion, have been introduced into modern practice, for working land, under certain circumstances, instead of the plough; and experience has proved, that they have effected that object at less expense, and in a shorter time, than can be accomplished by both the plough and the harrow combined. Under this impression, they have met with the approbation of, and been employed accordingly by, the best farmers in extensive districts of the island, 'particularly in England, under the appellation of scarifiers, extirpators, cultivators, &c. The idea of the machine, an account of which forms the subject of this paper, was taken originally from one purchased a few years ago at Dunbar, at a sale of some articles belonging to the Earl of Lauderdale, by Mr John Dudgeon, tenant in Easter-Broomhouse. By Mr Dudgeon's directions it was simplified and improved, and brought to that state in which it is now used, as a most effective implement, by several of the best farmers in East Lothian. Form and Construction. This implement, now called the Grubber, consists of two strong rectangular frames, the one including the other, and nine bars mortised into the inner one, with eleven coulters or tines, with triangular, sharp-edged dipping feet, four castiron wheels, two handles, &c. (vide the plate.) Elm is considered the best wood for the frames and bars. The machine is made of various sizes. The following are the dimensions of a stout one, the property of Mr Charles Dudgeon, in Prora. Feet. Length of the outside frame over all 6 Horizontal breadth of the wood of Vertical do. or depth of do. of do. do. O Long hind swing tree, KK Short hind do. each, NN Soam, L, about Coulters, length Breadth Thickness Inches. 96 3 6 0 3 3 5 10 Within the outer frame the smaller, or inner, is placed, which is moveable on hinges fixed on the front beam of the outer one. The inner frame has two sides, or beams, into which are mortised nine cross bars, about eight inches distant from centre to centre. Into these bars the coulters are fixed, except two, which are placed in the side beams of the outer frame. The openings for the coulter have plates of iron above and below, for strengthening the wood, with top and |