He was a wide traveler; no less than twenty journeys across the Atlantic he made, and he penetrated into all parts of the Old World. Much of his time he spent in study at the universities and seats of culture, but investigation into social and economic conditions of men was his chief quest. He was distinctly a lover of mankind, and nothing human was despised by him. The fame of his eloquence was known throughout the world, and the light of truth that was in him he proclaimed with beauty and power to many thousands. The collection of his lectures, public addresses and sermons will fill many volumes and co cover a wide range of subjects. He made many contributions to the periodical literature of the United States and Europe, and found time to write a number of books. In 1911 he wrote a text-book, used in schools and colleges all over America, entitled "Social Pathology." Others of his books of wide circulation are, "The Industrial Conflict," "Religion in the Making," "Democracy and the Church," "Retribution and Other Addresses." He was a lover of children, and possessed the rare power of fascinating entertainment for them. For years, it was his custom to assemble a multitude of children on Christmas Eve and hold them spellbound with his charming weavings of legend and story. Dr. Smith was twice married. His first wife was Marian Antoinette Barnard of Fayette, Iowa, who died in 1888. In 1890 he married Sadie Nichols of St. Paul, who survives him. He was the father of five children: James W. Smith of Hughesville, Maryland; Samuel G. Smith of Wichita, Kansas; Arthur Smith of Velva, North Dakota; Mrs. D. C. Shepherd, and Miss Harriet Smith of St. Paul. DR. CHARLES RICHMOND HENDERSON. One of the great names in the history of the American Prison Association is that of Dr. Charles R. Henderson. His name will always be associated with those of President Rutherford B. Hayes, Dr. E. C. Wines, Rev. Frederick Howard Wines, Rev. Samuel G. Smith, F. B. Sanborn, Roeliff Brinkerhoff, Rev. A. G. Byers, Richard Vaux, Z. R. Brockway, Edward S. Wright, John L. Milligan, R. W. McClaughry, Joseph Nicholson, and other great leaders in American Prison reform. Dr. Henderson combined with the theoretical knowledge of the science of penology a practical apprehension of the legislative and administrative problems which are involved in dealing with the criminal. His great heart not only sympathized with the prisoner who suffered from failure of society to recognize and meet his needs, but also with the prison officer who found himself hampered by law, tradition, and system in his efforts to deal humanely with the prison problem. To his knowledge of the subject, his statesmanship, and his sympathetic understanding of the prison problem in all of its relations, Dr. Henderson added a rare facility in presenting the subject through the written and the spoken word. Those who heard his addresses in the International Prison Congress at Washington in 1910 will never forget the eloquence, wisdom, and feeling with which he spoke to the world's delegates there assembled. In view of these qualifications it is not surprising that Dr. Henderson became president of the National Conference of Charities and Correction in 1899, president of the National Prison Association in 1902, United States Commissioner on the International Prison Commission in 1909, and president of the International Prison Congress in 1910. His inaugural address as president of the National Prison Association had as its subject, "The Social Position of the Prison Warden". After a clear analysis of the varied functions of the prison warden, he said: "The public must be educated to respect the office. The prison warden performs a necessary and difficult work for society; he directs an agency which protects the lives, the bodies, the reputation, the property and the order of all men from the enemies of order. He represents the retributive justice of society in its immediate contact with the offender. He represents the educational forces of society, the humane, the ethical, and the religious institutions of civ ilization in the rational effort to civilize and redeem the law- The volumes of Proceedings of the American Prison Association contain many contributions from Dr. Henderson, always practical, helpful and inspiring. Take, for example, his report on jails in the Proceedings of the Congress at Chicago. To every one who knew him, Dr. Henderson was an inspiration to righteousness, justice, humanity, and charity. To thousands of the poor, the wretched, and the unfortunate who knew him not, he was a friend and a ministering spirit, and, at last he sacrificed his life in his heroic efforts to provide work for the suffering thousands of unemployed in Chicago in that first dreadful winter of the World's War. His sudden end seemed to many to be exceedingly sad, but was it not a fitting close to a life of devoted service for humanity? President Byers: I would like to pay my personal tribute to both Dr. Henderson and Dr. Smith. I came into the American Prison Association many years ago a young man. I was the boy of the Association and, in a way, grew up in it. During all these years my intercourse with its members has been one of my chief joys. It was an unusual privilege to know such men; it was an inspiration and blessing to enjoy their friendship. I can now realize more than ever before what an influence for good, what a help to me individually were Dr. Henderson and Dr. Smith. Adjourned, 5:30 p. m. SUNDAY NIGHT, OCTOBER 10. First Congregational Church. CONSTRUCTIVE WORK IN DEALING WITH DEFECTIVES AND CRIMINALS. W. H. WHITTAKER, SUPERINTENDENT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA WORKHOUSE AND REFORMATORY, OCCOQUAN, VIRGINIA. In accepting a place on the program of the American Prison Association, I did so with only one object in mind, that was to present to the delegates and friends of the organization the features of the unique institution that has grown up in the woods of Virginia during the past five years, under the direction of a commission appointed by the President some nine years ago for the purpose of developing better methods for the management of and discipline of the criminal population of the District of Columbia. Upon the report made by this commission, composed of Judge Wendell Stafford, one of the Supreme Court judges of the District, Mr. John Joy Edson, a banker, and one of the foremost citizens of the city of Washington, and Mr. Robert V. La Dow, who was connected with the Attorney-General's office, the commissioners have based their actions in developing this institution. The management, on this the fifth anniversary, feels that our hopes have been realized and that success has crowned our efforts in the new methods adopted for the handling of criminals of the District of Columbia. We have fully established the fact that men and women can be managed without walls, locks and without bars. We have further demonstrated, if officers and employes are men and women interested in their work and who give to the fellow who is down and out the consideration they should in developing in him the spark of goodness found in the heart of every individual, no matter how low he may have fallen, that vindictive punishment and physical restraints are unnecessary. The question has often been asked me: How do you keep the prisoners under discipline and have them remain as you do, without walls, locks and bars? I can only answer, it is imperative that our rule for a square deal always prevails and to have the atmosphere permeated at all times with the thought that, as officers, we intend to give to the prisoner a helping hand in his efforts to make a man of himself. I do not believe in the so-called honor system, nor do I believe in the welfare league composed of prisoners at institutions of this character, for the reason that persons who violate the law and are sentenced are weak and not fit for self-government. The personality of the officers and employes must be the direct force to lead to better things if results for the betterment of the prisoner are ever obtained. Prisoners selected for a welfare league from those who have been convicted cannot possibly have the self-respect and strength of character to impress upon the inmates of the institution what is needed for the moral and mental reformation of such individuals before they are returned to society. We believe that stern discipline must at all times prevail and that the governing head of the institution must be the directing force that makes for good and the rebuilding of character while individuals are confined. We prefer to think that self-pride governs more often than honor in convicted people, and when properly appealed to will, in a measure, be helpful to the management. What is needed is the Indeterminate Sentence and Parole Law, and with it and this sort of management prevailing for a sufficient length of time, 80 per cent. of all normal subjects will be returned to society an asset rather than a liability. It is generally recognized by authorities, and will be found by statistics that have been compiled by the various institutions of the country, that about 50 per cent. of our criminal population are abnormal and their commitments to such institutions should not be for fixed periods, but rather they should be confined, just as a person sick or insane, and kept for such period of time as those in authority believe necessary, in order for them to be trusted; and if not strong enough for selfgovernment he should be kept at an institution for life, or, if released, the law that prevails in four or five States of the country should be enforced, that of rendering such individual sterile so he may not reproduce his kind, and I recommend that a bill be presented to Congress that will provide for rendering sterile such |