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sell the property against which they are issued, or so much thereof as may be necessary to pay the amount due, such sale to be first duly advertised daily for one week in some newspaper published in the city of Washington, and to be at public auction to the highest bidder. When street railways cross any street or avenue, the pavement between the tracks of such railway shall conform to the pavement used upon such street or avenue, and the companies owning these intersecting railroads shall pay for such pavements in the same manner and proportion as required of other railway companies under the provisions of this section. It shall be the duty of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia to see that all water and gas mains, service pipes, and sewer connections are laid upon any street or avenue proposed to be paved or otherwise improved before any such pavement or other permanent works are put down; and the Washington Gas-Light Company, under the direction of said Commissioners, shall, at its own expense take up, lay, and replace all gas mains on any street or avenue to be paved, at such time and place as said Commissioners shall direct. The President of the United States may detail from the Engineer Corps of the Army not more than two officers, of rank subordinate to that of the Engineer Officer belonging to the Board of Commissioners of said District to act as assistants to said Engineer Commissioner, in the discharge of the special duties imposed upon him by the provisions of this act.

SEC. 6. That from and after the first day of July, eighteen hundred and seventy-eight, the board of metropolitan police and the board of school trustees shall be abolished: and all the powers and duties now exercised by them shall be transferred to the said Commissioners of the District of Columbia, who shall have authority to employ such officers and agents and to adopt such provisions as may be necessary to carry into execution the powers and duties devolved upon them by this act. And the Commissioners of the District of Columbia shall from time to time appoint nineteen persons, actual residents of said District of Columbia, to constitute the trustees of public schools of said District, who shall serve without compensation and for such terms as said Commissioners shall fix. Said trustees shall have the powers and perform the duties in relation to the care and management of the public schools which are now authorized by law.

SEC. 7. That the offices of sinking-fund commissioners are hereby abolished; and all duties and powers possessed by said commissioners are transferred to, and shall be exercised by, the Treasurer of the United States, who shall perform the same in accordance with the provisions of existing laws.

SEC. 8. That in lieu of the board of health now authorized by law, the Commissioners of the District of Columbia shall appoint a physician as health officer, whose duty its shall be, under the direction of the said Commissioners, to execute and enforce all laws and regulations relating to the public health and vital statistics, and to perform all such duties as may be assigned to him by said Commissioners; and the board of health now existing shall, from the date of the appointment of said health officer, be abolished.

SEC. 9. That there may be appointed by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, on the recommendation of the health officer, a reasonable number of sanitary inspectors for said District, not exceeding six, to hold such appointment at any one time, of whom two may be physicians, and one shall be a person skilled in the matters of drainage and ventilation; and said Commissioners may remove any of the subordinates, and from time to time may prescribe the duties of each; and said inspectors shall be respectively required to make, at least once in two weeks, a report to said health officer, in writing, of their inspections, which shall be preserved on file; and said health officer shall report in writing annually to said Commissioners of the District of Columbia, and so much oftener as they shall require.

SEC. 10. That the Commissioners may appoint, on the like recommendation of the health officer, a reasonable number of clerks, but no greater number shall be appointed, and no more persons shall be employed under said heath officer, than the public interests demand and the appropriation shall justify.

SEC. 11.

That the salary of the health officer shall be three thousand dol

lars per annum; and the salary of the sanitary inspectors shall not exceed the sum of one thousand two hundred dollars per annum each; and the salary of the clerks and other assistants of the health officer shall not exceed in the aggregate the amount of seven thousand dollars, to be apportioned as the Commissioners of the District of Columbia may deem best.

SEC. 12. That it shall be the duty of the said Commissioners to report to Congress at the next session succeeding their appointment a draft of such additional laws or amendments to existing laws as in their opinion are necessary for the harmonious working of the system hereby adopted, and for the effectual and proper government of the District of Columbia; and said Commissioners shall annually report their official doings in detail to Congress on or before the first Monday of December.

SEC. 13. That there shall be no increase of the present amount of the tota! indebtedness of the District of Columbia; and any officer or person who shal knowingly increase, or aid or abet in increasing, such total indebtedness, except to the amount of the two hundred thousand dollars, as authorized by this act. shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shal. be punished by imprisonment not exceeding ten years, and by fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars.

SEC. 14. That the term "school houses" in the act of June seventeenth. eighteen hundred and seventy, chapter thirty, was intended to embrace all colle giate establishments actually used for educational purposes, and not for private gain; and that all taxes heretofore imposed upon such establishments, in the District of Columbia, since the date of said act are hereby remitted, and where the same or any part thereof has been paid, the sum so paid shall be refunded. But if any portion of any said building, house, or grounds in terms excepted is used to secure a rent or income, or for any business purpose, such portion of the same, or a sum equal in value to such portion, shall be taxed.

SEC. 15. That all laws inconsistent with the provisions of this act be, and the same are hereby, repealed.

Approved June 11, 1878.

ORGANIC ACT OF HAWAII-1900.*

An Act to provide a government for the Territory of Hawaii.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

CHAPTER I.-GENERAL PROVISIONS.
DEFINITIONS.

SECTION 1. That the phrase "the laws of Hawaii," as used in this Act without qualifying words, shall mean the constitution and laws of the Republic of Hawaii, in force on the twelfth day of August, eighteen hundred and ninetyeight, at the time of the transfer of the sovereignty of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States of America.

The constitution and statute laws of the Republic of Hawaii then in force, set forth in a compilation made by Sidney M. Ballou under the authority of the legislature, and published in two volumes entitled "Civil Laws" and "Penal Laws," respectively, and in the Session Laws of the Legislature for the session of eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, are referred to in this Act as "Civil Laws," "Penal Laws," and "Session Laws."

TERRITORY OF HAWAII.

SEC. 2. That the islands acquired by the United States of America under an Act of Congress entitled "Joint resolution to provide for annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States;" approved July seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, shall be known as the Territory of Hawaii.

GOVERNMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF HAWAII.

SEC. 3. That a Territorial government is hereby established over the said Territory, with its capital at Honolulu, on the island of Oahu.

CITIZENSHIP.

SEC. 4. That all persons who were citizens of the Republic of Hawaii on August twelfth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States and citizens of the Territory of Hawaii.

And all citizens of the United States resident in the Hawaiian Islands who were resident there on or since August twelfth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, and all the citizens of the United States who shall hereafter reside in the Territory of Hawaii for one year shall be citizens of the Territory of Hawaii.

APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES.

SEC. 5. That the Constitution, and, except as otherwise provided, all the laws of the United States, including laws carrying general appropriations, which are not locally inapplicable, shall have the same force and effect within the said Territory as elsewhere in the United States; Provided, That sections eighteen hundred and forty-one to eighteen hundred and ninety-one, inclusive, nineteen hundred and ten and nineteen hundred and twelve, of the Revised Statutes, and the amendments thereto, and an Act entitled "An Act to prohibit the passage of local or special laws in the Territories of the United States, to limit territorial indebtedness, and for other purposes," approved July thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-six, and the amendments thereto shall not apply to Hawaii. [As amended by act of May 27, 1910.].

The Hawaiian Islands were annexed to the United States by a joint resolution approved July 7, 1898, and the formal cession was completed on August 12, 1898. By the act of April 30, 1900, the Islands were made a fully organized territory and a civil government was established. The organic act of 1900, with amendments since made, is still the fundamental law of the territory. The fundamental laws of Hawaii are embraced in Sections 3644-3746, inclusive, of the United States Compiled Statutes of 1913. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. 31.

LAWS OF HAWAII.

SEC. 6. That the laws of Hawaii not inconsistent with the Constitution or laws of the United States or the provisions of this Act shall continue in force. subject to repeal or amendment by the legislature of Hawait or the Congress of the United States.

SEC. 7. That the constitution of the Republic of Hawaii and the laws of Hawaii, as set forth in the following acts, chapters, and sections of the civil laws, penal laws, and session laws, and relating to the following subjects, are hereby repealed:

CIVIL LAWS: Sections two and three, Promulgation of laws; chapter five. Flag and seal; sections thirty to thirty-three, inclusive, Tenders for supplies: chapter seven, Minister of foreign affairs; chapter eight, Diplomatic and consular agents; sections one hundred and thirty-four and one hundred and thirtyfive, National museum; chapter twelve, Education of Hawaiian youths abroad; sectious one hundred and fifty to one hundred and fifty-six, inclusive, Aid to board of education; chapter fourteen, Minister of the Interior; sections one hundred and sixty-six to one hundred and sixty-eight, inclusive, one hundred and seventy-four and one hundred and seventy-five, Government lands; section one hundred and ninety, Board of commissioners of public lands; section four hundred and twenty-four, Bureau of agriculture and forestry; chapter thirtyone, Agriculture and manufactures; chapter thirty-two, Ramie; chapter thirtythree, Taro flour; chapter thirty-four, Development of resources; chapter thirtyfive. Agriculture; section four hundred and seventy-seven, Brands; chapter thirty-seven, Patents; chapter thirty-eight, Copyrights; sections five hundred and fifty-six and, five hundred and fifty-seven, Railroad subsidy; chapter fortyseven, Pacific cable; chapter forty-eight, Hospitals; chapter fifty-one, Coins and currency: chapter fifty-four, Consolidation of public debt; chapter fifty-six, Post-office; chapter fifty-seven, Exemptions from postage; chapter fifty-eight. Postal savings banks; chapter sixty-five, Import duties; chapter sixty-six, Imports; chapter sixty-seven, Ports of entry and collection districts; chapter sixtyeight. Collectors; chapter sixty-nine, Registry of vessels; section one thousand and eleven, Custom-house charges; section eleven hundred and two, Elections: section eleven hundred and thirty-two, Appointment of magistrate; last clause of first subdivision and fifth subdivision of section eleven hundred and fortyfour. first subdivision of section eleven hundred and forty-five, Jurisdiction: sections eleven hundred and seventy-three to eleven hundred and seventy-eight. inclusive. Translation of decisions; section eleven hundred and eighty-eight. Clerks of court; sections thirteen hundred and twenty-nine, thirteen hundred and thirty-one, thirteen hundred and thirty-two, thirteen hundred and fortyseven to thirteen hundred and fifty-four, inclusive. Juries; sections fifteen hundred and nine to fifteen hundred and fourteen, inclusive, Maritime matters; chapter one hundred and two, Naturalization; section sixteen hundred and seventy-eight. Habeas corpus; chapter one hundred and eight, Arrest of debtors; subdivisions six, seven, ten, twelve to fourteen of section seventeen hundred and thirty-six, Garnishment; sections seventeen hundred and fifty-five to seventeen hundred and fifty-eight, inclusive. Liens on vessels; chapter one hundred and sixteen. Bankruptcy, and sections eighteen hundred and twentyeight to eighteen hundred and thirty-two, inclusive, Water rights.

PENAL LAWS: Chapter six, Treason; section sixty-five to sixty-seven, inclusive. Foot binding; chapter seventeen, Violation of postal laws; section three hundred and fourteen, Blasphemy; sections three hundred and seventy-one to three hundred and seventy-two, inclusive, Vagrants; sections four hundred and eleven to four hundred and thirteen, inclusive, Manufacture of liquors; chapter forty-three, Offenses on the high seas and other waters; sections five hundred and ninety-five and six hundred and two to six hundred and five, inclusive. Jurisdiction: section six hundred and twenty-three, Procedure; sections seven hundred and seven hundred and one, Imports; section seven hundred and fifteen, Auction license; section seven hundred and forty-five, Commercial trav elers; sections seven hundred and forty-eight to seven hundred and fifty-five. inclusive. Firearms; sections seven hundred and ninety-six to eight hundred and nine, inclusive. Coasting trade; sections eight hundred and eleven and eight

ndred and twelve, Peddling foreign goods; sections eight hundred and thirteen eight hundred and fifteen, inclusive, Importation of live stock; section eight ndred and nineteen. Imports; sections eight hundred and eighty-six to nine ndred and six. inclusive, Quarantine; section eleven hundred and thirty-ven, Consuls and consular agents; chapter sixty-seven, Whale ships; sections even hundred and forty-five to eleven hundred and seventy-nine, inclusive, ad twelve hundred and four to twelve hundred and nine, inclusive, Arrival, try, and departure of vessels; chapters sixty-nine to seventy-six, inclusive, avigation and other matters within the exclusive jurisdiction of the United tates; sections thirteen hundred and forty-seven and thirteen hundred and orty-eight, Fraudulent exportation; chapter seventy-eight, Masters and serants; chapter ninety-three, Immigration; sections sixteen hundred and one, ixteen hundred and eight, and sixteen hundred and twelve, Agriculture and orestry; chapter ninety-six, Seditious offenses; and chapter ninety-nine, Sailug regulations.

SESSION LAWS: Act fifteen. Elections; Act twenty-six. Duties; Act twentyseven, Exemptions from duties; Act thirty-two, Registry of vessels; section four of Act thirty-eight, Importation of live stock; Act forty-eight, Pacific cable: Act sixty-five, Consolidation of public debt; Act sixty-six, Ports of entry; and Act sixty-eight, Chinese immigration.

CERTAIN OFFICES ABOLISHED.

SEC. S. That the offices of President, minister of foreign affairs, minister of the interior, minister of finance, minister of public instruction, auditor-general, deputy auditor general, surveyor-general, marshal, and deputy marshal of the Republic of Hawaii are hereby abolished.

SEC. 9.

AMENDMENT OF OFFICIAL TITLES.

That wherever the words "President of the Republic of Hawaii," or "Republic of Hawaii," or "Government of the Republic of Hawaii," or their equivalents, occur in the laws of Hawaii not repealed by this Act, they are hereby amended to read "Governor of the Territory of Hawaii," or "Territory of Hawaii," or "Government of the Territory of Hawaii," or their equivalents, as the context requires.

CONSTRUCTION OF EXISTING STATUTES.

SEC. 10. That all rights of action, suits at law and in equity, prosecutions, and judgments existing prior to the taking effect of this Act shall continue to be as effectual as if this Act had not been passed; and those in favor of or against the Republic of Hawaii, and not-assumed by or transferred to the United States, shall be equally valid in favor of or against the government of the Territory of Hawaii. All offenses which by statute then in force were punishable as offenses against the Republic of Hawaii shall be punishable as offenses against the government of the Territory of Hawaii, unless such statute is inconsistent with this Act, or shall be repealed or changed by law. No person shall be subject to imprisonment for nonpayment of taxes nor for debt. All criminal and penal proceedings then pending in the courts of the Republic of Hawaii shall be prosecuted to final judgment and execution in the name of the Territory of Hawaii; all such proceedings, all actions at law, suits in equity, and other proceedings then pending in the courts of the Republic of Hawaii shall be carried on to final judgment and execution in the corresponding courts of the Territory of Hawaii; and all process issued and sentences imposed before this Act takes effect shall be ás valid as if issued or imposed in the name of the Territory of Hawaii: Provided, That no suit or proceedings shall be maintained for the specific performance of any contract heretofore or hereafter entered into for personal labor or service, nor shall any remedy exist or be enforced for breach of any such contract, except in a civil suit or proceeding instituted solely to recover damages for such breach: Provided further, That the provisions of this section shall not modify or change the laws of the United States applicable to merchant seamen.

That all contracts made since August twelfth, eighteen hundred and ninety

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