has an excellent outlet to market, and offers many advantages to the industrious and the energetic.

There is no town of any importance in the county, except JEFFERSON CITY, the county-seat, which has a population of 3000. Marion, the former seat of justice, has now less than 50 inhabitants; Russellville, in the western part of the county, 16 miles from Jefferson, is a place of perhaps 100 inhabitants. Of business houses in the county, there are of lawyers, 12; physicians, 12; merchants, 15; druggists, 3; silversmiths, 3; tinners, 3; blacksmiths, 6; wagonmakers, 4; saddlers, 3; tailors, 5; shoemakers, 10; cabinetmakers, 3; carpenters, 20; paint-shops, 3; marble manufactories, 2; tanneries, 2; steam saw, planing, and lath mill, 1; steam flouring-mill, 1; and hotels, 5. The "Jefferson Examiner" and "Inquirer" are the only papers published in the county. The former is published daily during the session of the Legislature, and weekly the remainder of the year. The "Jefferson Inquirer," after having been published 21 years, was temporarily discontinued in the fall of 1859.

COOPER COUNTY.

This county is situated in the central part of the State, on the south side of the Missouri River, which separates it from Howard and Boone, and contains an area of 558 square miles, and in 1860 had a population of 17,495. It was first settled by Stephen Cole, Daniel Boone, Robert Wallace, William McMahan, Joseph Stephens, and William Moore.

Physical Features.-The face of the country is gently undulating, and advantageously diversified with timber and prairie. The western part of the county is drained by La Mine Creek and tributaries, the central part by Little Saline Creek, and the southeastern by Moniteau Creek. There are few if any counties in the State possessing a more equal division of prairie and timber. The alluvial soil occupies a large area in the bottoms of the Missouri, the La Mine and the Little Saline, and is generally covered with a heavy growth of cottonwood, sycamore, elms, box-elder, sugar-tree, white maple, red birch, white, black, and blue ash, coffee-tree, honey locust, the various kinds of oaks and hickories, red-bud, hackberry, and numerous varieties of the willow and the grape.

Soil and Productions.-The soil of Cooper County is exceedingly

fertile, and well adapted to all the purposes of agriculture. The bottom lands are light, porous, and deep, and particularly adapted to corn and hemp, of which immense crops have been produced in some parts of the county. The soil on the prairie and in the upland timber is well adapted to corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, and the grasses, but is vastly improved by subsoiling. The upland timber consists of hickories, oaks, walnuts, sugar-tree, ash, haw, hackberry, and the summer, fox, and frost grapes. The State Geologist remarks: "The physical properties of the soils, the rocks from which they are derived, and the crops produced, all prove the agricultural resources of Cooper County to be very great. Deep and thorough tillage should be her motto." The general character of the soil adapts this county to the growth of all kinds of agricultural products; and the immense natural pastures, and the facilities for shipment by river or railroad, render it well calculated for stock growing.

Minerals.-Professor Swallow estimates the amount of good available coal, in Cooper County, to be not less than 60,000,000 tons. Brown hematite iron ore is found in several localities, some of which is convenient to beds of coal, and could be worked to advantage. Lead, manganese, and zinc are also found in several places. Of building materials, there is an abundance of limestone, sandstone, marble, hydraulic cement, firerock, and clays for fire brick. The timber found along the streams is as fine as any in the State.

Springs, both fresh and mineral, are abundant in this county. The latter may be classed as "brine" and "sulphur;" however, there are none of either class that are entirely free from the characteristics of the others. The mineral springs are principally in township 48, extending from section 16 of range 18, westward along the La Mine, through range 19, to the county line; but some exist in township 49, range 19, on the Blackwater; and in township 48, range 15, near Gooch's Mill, on the Little Saline. The most important of the brine springs are Harriman's, Bailey's, Howard's, Heath's, and Hugh's. At Dr. Harriman's Salt Springs, there are four places where salt water is discharged, which are from forty to forty-five feet apart; and hydro-sulphuric acid escapes from all.

Chouteau Springs are situated on section 16, township 48, range 18, about ten miles from Boonville, and have had a good reputation as a pleasant and healthy watering place. The medicinal properties of the Chouteau water are highly spoken of, and numerous individuals have received great benefit by resorting to its use. The water bursts from the earth in four places, located a short distance from each other, but the most westerly spring is generally used. The amount

of water discharged was estimated by Professor Swallow to be 10 gallons per minute, or 14,400 gallons per day, and the gas that escapes, at least 2 gallons per minute.

Manufactures.-The most extensive manufactory in the county is that of the Boonville Wine Company, located on the Missouri River, about one mile above Boonville. This company was incorporated by the Legislature, in 1855, with a capital of $50,000, and commenced the cultivation of Catawba wines in 1856. Their vineyard and orchard embraces 115 acres, only a portion of which is set in vines. The lands are admirably suited to the culture of the grape, being situated on a high bluff, gently sloping to the southeast, and with trifling expense could be terraced and otherwise improved, rendering it truly a beautiful spot. The fine stone building, (seen in the engraving of their vineyard,) was erected in 1858, and is well adapted to the manufacture and storage of both wine and beer. The main building, including basement, is 4 stories high, 80 feet square, with a two-story L, 55 by 35 feet, under which are six capacious cellars, one having been constructed for malt, and five large arched cellars for storage. The machinery is propelled by steam power, and the whole establishment is supplied with all the modern improvements and conveniences. Haas's Catawba has a wide reputation, not only in Missouri, but in the Eastern cities; large quantities having been sold at Philadelphia, where it received the first premium as a "native dry wine," at the National Fair. The lowest price at which it has ever sold is $2 per gallon, and the company was offered $2 50 per gallon for their entire vintage of 1857, consisting of 1600 gallons, produced from less than three acres of bearing vines; which would be $4000 for the product of less than three acres, upwards of $1133 per acre! Mr. Haas, the projector of this enterprise, is an intelligent and energetic gentleman, and to his superior judgment and long experience in the business, the company justly attribute their success; and under the management of such men as Mr. Haas, and his accomplished assistant, Mr. Wertheimer, (secretary of the company,) we anticipate a brilliant success for the company.

An extensive woolen factory and a soap and candle factory are much needed in Boonville, and would prove profitable investments. Natural Advantages.-The agricultural resources of Cooper County, for the production of staple crops, are but little if any inferior to those of Lafayette and Platte. Within her borders there are at least 30,000 acres of the richest alluvial soil, 200,000 acres of excellent high timber land, "based upon the rich marls of the bluff formation," and about 80,000 acres of fine prairie, resting upon the same