what respect the moral utility of her works has been an impediment to their popu-
larity, 467. Some of her faults peculiar to her sex, 468. Her imperfections as a writer
altogether effaced by her excellencies, 469.

Elizabeth, Queen; state of literature during her reign, i. 170. Distinguishing excellencies
of the authors of that period, 170. Style of writing assumed a different character from
the time of the civil wars, 172. Influence of the Restoration in corrupting the national
taste, 172. Remarks on the style of the authors of those days, 173. Sketch of the
principal writers, 174. Character of the dramatists of that age, 177. Arguments to
prove the persecuting character of her government, iv. 159. Summary of the laws she
made against the Roman Catholics, 159, 160. Her persecution of the Puritans still
more objectionable, 162. Reasons for her attachment to the Protestant Church, 166.
Religious opinions of the Puritans defended from the imputation of being hostile to
monarchy, 166.

Eloquence, modern, is different from ancient, but has not declined, iii. 57. Of the
bar and the pulpit, 58. * State and effects of, in France, at the Revolution, 65.
Emigration, should be encouraged upon an extensive system for the purpose of disposing
of the unemployed labouring classes, vi. 202, 203. Proposed plan by Earl Grey's min-
istry approved of, 204.206.

England, dispositions of America and that country, iii 85, 86 (See America.)

English poetry, compared with French, i. 186. Present state of poetry in England, 196.
Entail the law of, its origin and effects. State of, as it exists in England and Scotland,

vi. 123. 124. (See Primogeniture.)

Erskine, Lord, his merits as an orator, ii. 338.

F.

Falkenskiald, General, account of, iv. 99. His sufferings, confinement, and death, 108.
Fayette, de la, Marquis, character of, iv. 300.

Faust, a drama, by Goethe, account of, iii. 7.

Female education; an essay on the necessity of its extension, iii. 374. (See Education.)
Fiction, infancy of, by what characterised, ii. 429. The stages of its progress described,
430, 431. Under what classes Arabian fiction may be arranged, 434.

Fielding; his merits as a novelist, ii. 142.

Florence; its state in the earlier part of the fourteenth century, ii. 344.
Ford, character of, as a writer, ii. 30. 179.

Forgery, capital punishment of, a series of arguments proving the necessity of its aboli-
tion, vi. 294.303. Sir Robert Peel's bill for consolidating the laws respecting forgery,
295. Two grounds taken up by those who wish to abolish the punishment of death,
296. First, unlawfulness of taking away life for any offence, untenable, 296. Second,
capital punishments defeat their own object, 297. The infliction of a lower penalty
would be more efficacious, if there was a certainty of its always being enforced, 297.
Uncertainty of the present law as regards forgery, 298. Deters men from prosecuting
the offenders, 300. The philanthropic labours of the Society of Friends to get the
criminal code mitigated, 301. Defeat of the late bill in the House of Lords, 301. Note
condemnatory of any interference with the ordinary course of criminal justice in par-
ticular cases of capital punishment, 302.

Fox, Charles James, compared with Demosthenes as an orator, ii. 339.

France; state and prospects of Europe in 1814, after the downfall of Bonaparte, iv. 255.
Expression of gratitude and delight at the liberation of so many oppressed nations,
254. Joy at the defeat of Napoleon; portrait of his character, 255, 256. His down-
fall has established the utter impracticability of any scheme of universal dominion,
255, 256. The impressive lesson it has read to ambition, 257. The derision it has
so opportunely thrown on the character of conquerors in general, 258. The glory
England has acquired in the overthrow of Bonaparte, 259. The doctrines of the
Edinburgh Review, on the foreign policy of England during her momentous contest
with France vindicated, 260. Dignified conduct of the allies after they gained pos-
session of Paris, 261. The question examined whether the restoration of the Bour-
bons to the throne of France was the best possible issue to the long struggle that pre-
ceded it, 262. 265. The danger apprehended from the restoration of the old nobility
more apparent than real, 265. Reflections on the character and probable duration of
the Constitution offered by Louis XVIII., to the French people, 266. The govern-
ment of Bonaparte, its despotic character, 267. Grounds for doubting whether the
French are yet capable of a regulated freedom, 268. Two ways pointed out in which
the project of a free constitution for France may fail, 269. Its establishment in that
country cannot fail to be favourable to the general interests of freedom, 270. The

great moral lesson pointed out, which the struggle in which France was so long engaged
teaches, 271. The first French revolution, its true and efficient cause, 272. The
lesson which it reads aloud to mankind, 272. Cause of Napoleon's fall from power,
339. In what way the people have benefited by the contest with Bonaparte, 274. The
opinions of a party in England who look with jealousy on what has been done for the
advancement of freedom in Europe, 276. 279. The events on the Continent, which
terminated in a general peace, likely to be favourable to the interests of regulated
liberty and temperate reform in England, 280, 281. Appeal on behalf of Poland, 281,
282. Napoleon once more at Paris, 283. Remarks on the treaty of Paris, 283.
On the Congress of Vienna, 284. On the impolitic measure of giving the island of Elba
to Bonaparte, 285. Sudden change in the army and the people which followed his
abdication, 286. His ambitious projects soon after his arrival at Elba, 287. His landing
at Cannes, in Provence, 289. Observations on the convention of Fontainbleau, 289.
On the government of France refusing payment of the stipulated pension to Bona-
parte, 290. Extract of a letter from Sir Neil Campbell on the intrigues of Napoleon
when at Elba; the causes which produced the restoration of Bonaparte referable to
the character and condition of the French people, 292. M. Cuvier, his remarks on
the flourishing state of agriculture in France since the Revolution, 293. Mr. Birkbeck's
on the same subject, 293. On the extensive division of landed property in France, 295.
On Bonaparte's nobility, 296. Effects of the French confiscation on the temper of the
peasantry, 297. Remarks on the importance and strength of the Protestant party in
France, 298. On the various political associations which influenced the people during
the Revolution, 298. On the party who condemned Louis XVI. to death, 299, Cha-
racter of the Marquis de la Fayette, 300. Of Benjamin Constant, 300. Strictures
on the conscription, 301. Dangers of long wars to civilised nations, 302. Effects of
frequent changes of government, 303. Policy of Louis XVIII. after his restoration,
301. Remarks on the French army, 305. The folly of England embarking in an-
other crusade in behalf of the Bourbons, 306. Divided state of France after the second
restoration of Louis XVIII., 307. Unpopularity of the Bourbons amongst the great
body of the people, 308. The circumstances of their restoration, 309. The internal
condition of France at that period, 309. First acts of the King calculated to alarm the
people, 312. Return of Bonaparte facilitated thereby, 313. Further review of the
King's conduct after the battle of Waterloo, 314-316. Public resentment directed
against the members of the King's family, 317. The Duke of Orleans recommended
as a fit person for the sovereign of a limited monarchy, 318. Pleas of the Royalists
considered, 319. Arguments in defence of a neutral policy on the part of Great Bri-
tain with respect to France, 320. The question of interference with the internal affairs
of France examined, 325. Injustice of the attack upon Spain by the ultra-royalists
of France, 325-342. The inconstancy of the French nation exemplified in the variety
of governments to which she has been subject since the Revolution, 362. This does
not prove any inconsistency or fluctuation in national opinion, 363. The ruling party
of France remained unnoticed during the war, 364. The circumstances which placed
power in their hands, 365. Character of the Chamber of Deputies in 1815, 366. Ty
rannical laws passed in 1817, 368. Condition of France during that period, 368.
Electoral privileges of, 369. The progress of public opinion in, 370. Change which
the Revolution has effected in the character and influence of the clergy, 371. The
army a dangerous power in France, 372. Summary of what the Bourbon family have
done for, during the first ten years after their restoration, 373. The Royalist fac-
tion cannot last long, 373. Revolution in 1830, the causes and consequences of,
374-390. The war with France justified in its origin, v. 20. M. Mounier's account
of the origin and progress of the first Revolution in France, with the reviewer's examin-
ation of it, 110. 115. The injury which it did to the cause of rational freedom, 120.
Agricultural condition of France, vi. 130, 131. Effects of the laws of succession in
that country in producing a minute division of land, 131, 132.
Franklin, Benjamin; character of his philosophical speculations, ii. 283. The peculiari-
ties of his intellectual character may be traced to his want of a regular education, 281.
His habits of reasoning and investigation, 284. His labours in the department of phy
sies, 285. His political writings, 286. His merit as a political economist, 287. His
reputation as a writer on morality and literature, 288.
French poetry inferior to English, i. 186. The grand distinction of the two schools, 187.
Characteristics of French poetry, 186. Historical sketch of, 191. Estimate of mo-
dern French poetry, 196. Its character compared with that of the English, 346, 347
French Revolution in 1789, its true and efficient cause, iv. 272. The impressive lesson
which it teaches to mankind, 272. Its theory and consequences, 274. The effects of
as regards the agricultural condition of France, 293. The revolution of 1830, 374.

Causes of, 374-381. The conduct of the French people above all praise, 374, 381. The
part which England would have acted if she had been subjected to the same odious
tyranny, 381. The interests of France promoted by the exemplary moderation of the
populace during the late crisis, 382. The extension of the elective franchise absolutely
necessary to secure the permanence of constitutional liberty in the nation, 383. Re-
marks on the proposition to abolish an hereditary aristocracy, 384. On the constitution
of a national guard, 384. On the part which the English Government is suspected to
have sustained during the progress of the Revolution, 385-387. Reception given to
Charles X. and is family by England, 388. Effects of the Revolution in furthering
the progress of liberty throughout Europe, 390. Origin and progress of the first
French Revolution, in the opinion of M. Mounier, v. 110.115. That writer's views
combated, 116. Influence of the contest in America, and other causes, in hastening the
Revolution, 116. What share the philosophers of France had in producing it, 117.
Remarks on the supposed connexion between irreligion and democracy, 119. The
French Revolution produced by apparent and natural causes, 120. The injury which
it has done to the cause of rational freedom, 120. The French philosophers vindicated
from much of the blame attached to them, 121. In what points the members of the
Constituent Assembly were culpable, 122-129.

Frederick William the Second, of Prussia; the character of his government, iv. 83.
Frederick the Second, of Prussia; his popularity, the party by whom he was reproached,

iv. 82.

G.

Game Laws, degrading influence of, on the morals of the peasantry, vi. 208.

Remarks
on Lord Althorp's bill for legalising the sale of game, 208. Grounds on which the
present game laws are principally objectionable, 240. The mode in which they have
been too frequently executed, 241, 242. Folly of asserting a natural right to freedom
on the part of animals feræ naturæ, 243. The title of occupancy superseded in a
cultivated country, 244. Impossibility of establishing more than a possessory pro-
perty in game, 245, 246. Progress of legislation on the subject, 248, 249. Import-
ance of legalising the sale of game, 253. Substance of the evidence brought before the
committee of the House of Lords in 1828, 254. Amount of actual offences against
the law, 257-259. Document respecting the operation of the French game laws, 260.
Necessity of accommodating our institutions to the spirit of the age we live in, 262.
Garcilasso, the first of Spanish classical poets, i. 221.

Genius, from the bent it takes, shows the spirit of the times, iii. 64.

Germany, national opinion respecting a free constitution in 1813, iv. 87. Consequences
of her patriotic demands, 88.

German and Northern Poetry, ancient, i. 226. Introductory remarks, 227. Account of
some of the earliest of the Teutonic romances, 227. Changes introduced at the acces-
sion of the Swabian line of princes, 234. State of poetry at that period, 238. Account
of the master singers, their regulations and productions; singular analogy between
the Danish and Scottish ballads first discovered by Mr. Jamieson; the war songs of
the Swiss, 249. German and Danish music, 250.

German Literature; prejudices of the French against it, iii. 1, 2. Causes of the igno-
rance that too generally prevails regarding its value and character, 3, 4. Objections
obviated, 5. Vindicated from the imputation of bad taste, 6, 7. The extraordinary
abilities of Wieland, Klopstock, the Jacobis, and Mendelsohn, 12. Criticism in Ger-
many assumed a new form, 13, 14. Extract from Schiller, 17. Fichte's notion of a
literary man, 18. Beautiful specimen of pictorial criticism from Goethe, 19. Ger-
man poetry, 20. The changes it has undergone, 23. Mysticism, the second grand
objection against German literature, answered, 24, 25. Kant's philosophy, 26.
German contrasted with other systems of philosophy, 28. The Germans not guilty of
the charge of irreligion, 32. Concluding reflections, 33.

George the Second; his reign fertile in some of the best writers of the middle style of co-
medy, ii. 417. The causes of this coincidence pointed out, 418.

Gil Blas; in what its excellence consists, and the cause of its popularity, ii. 411.
Godwin; deep interest excited by the perusal of his Caleb Williams, ii. 438. Effect on
the public of St. Leon, 438. Cloudesley an inferior work to either of the two, 439.
Remarks on the story of, 440. Defects in style and delineation of character, 441.
Reasons why the author's latter works are comparatively feeble, 443. Comparison
between his Caleb Williams and his Political Justice, 444. Prevailing monotony of
his works, 445. Mr. Godwin the first whole-length broacher of the doctrine of utility,
445. The subjects of Caleb Williams and St. Leon peculiarly congenial to his mind,
446. Notice of his Life of Chaucer and his other productions, 447.

Goethe, correspondence of, with Schiller; character of his epistolary composition, ii. 459.
Development of his intellectual character, 460-462. Extract from his criticism from
an imaginary landscape painter, iii. 19. Estimate of his poetical merits, 20.
Goldsmith and Crabbe; comparison between them as poets, ii. 129.
Government, republican, difficulty attending the maintenance of, ii. 369.
Governments, arbitrary, the policy and future fate of, iv. 342. Retrospect of the causes
which brought Europe to the state she was in after the downfall of Napoleon, 343.345.
The circumstances explained which have favoured a return to arbitrary power since
the restoration of the Bourbons, 346. The despotic governments of Europe singu-
larly ignorant and prejudiced, 346. Their object to wage a fierce war against liberty,
347. The result of the experiment predicted, 349. Effects of habits of industry and
diffused intelligence among the people, 349. The fascination attendant upon the pos-
session of arbitrary power, 35. Superiority of constitutional to despotic govern-
ments, 353. Genius and energy of character never thrive but in a free country, 355.
Gower, Lord Francis Leveson, review of his translations from the German, i. 341. His
claims as a poet, 349. Specimens of his poetry, 351, 352. Character of, as a trans-
lator, 356-358. Specimen of his translation of Wallenstein's Camp, 360.
His poetry
evidently an art or accomplishment, not a gift of nature, 362.
Graham, James, remarks on his "British Georgics," ii. 159. Beauty and fidelity of his
descriptions, 160. The moral character of his poetry its principal charm, 161. Its
great nationality an additional recommendation, 162.

Gregory VII., Pope, narrative of his extraordinary measures,-that of excommunication,
ii. 68. Prohibition of marriage to all the orders of the priesthood, 68. Project of the
crusades, 69.

Greek; the beauty, harmony, and power of that language; eminent contributions to Gre-
cian literature, iii. 430. Advantages to be derived from the study of the Greek lan-
guage may be purchased at too high a price, 430.

Greeks, their literature and science, iii. 73.

Grey, Earl; his uniform consistency and uncompromising integrity in reference to the
Catholic Question, v. 202.

Grotius, the first man who acquired reputation as a writer on the Law of Nations, iii.
269. His character and writings, 270. Extracts from the works of, respecting the
right of blockade, iv. 184.

Gusman d'Alfarache, a celebrated Spanish novel, a work of great genius, ii. 410.

H.

Hazlitt's, William, character of Shakspeare's plays; the author's object, i. 338. Supe-
riority of Shakspeare's genius illustrated by extracts, 339. Causes why this writer
has not generaly met with impartial justice from his contemporaries, ii. 475. Pos-
sesses an intense admiration for the author whom he criticises, 476. A want of pro-
portion, of arrangement, and of harmony in his powers, 476. His criticisms on
Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey, 477. His admiration of the writers of anti-
quity too exclusive, 477.

Hallam, Mr., his remarks on the source from which Dante derived the scheme and
general idea of his poem, ii. 74.

Heber, Bishop, his amiable character as a divine, ii. 281.

Hemans, Felicia, her poetry; its character, ii. 25. Its tenderness, and beautiful
imagery, 255. Prediction with respect to her literary fame, 256.

Herrera, a Spanish poet, his talents as a writer, i. 204.

Herodotus, the earliest of romantic historians, ii. 380. Sketch of the Grecian character
at the time he wrote, 381.

Historical writing, English, sketch of its progress from the earliest period down to the
publication of Lingard's History of England, iii. 33. 45. Character of Lingard's His-
tory, 46, 47.

Historians, survey of the Greek, the Roman, and the modern, ii. 380-407. A great his-
torian the rarest of intellectual distinctions; the cause specified, 380. Herodotus, his
qualifications as an historian, 380. The character of the Greek nation at the time
he wrote, 381-384. Thucydides, his historical excellencies, 384-388. History re-
quires selection, 385. Xenophon, his merits as an historian, 388. Merits of Polybius
and Arrian, 389. Plutarch, and the school of historians to which he belonged, consi-
dered, 389. Effect of their writings, 391. Livy, his merits and defects, 392. Sallust,
393. Tacitus, 394. Comparison between the ancient and modern historians, 396.
The latter inferior to the former in the philosophy of history; the causes of this ex-
plained, 397-399. Modern historians addicted to theory, 400. Hume, an accom-

plished advocate, 401. Mitford, defects in his History of Greece, 401. Modern his-
torians neglect the art of narration, 402. The perfect historian described, 404.
Hobbes; remarks on his philosophical system, iii. 273. His theory of the philosophy of
perception, 350.

House of Commons, remarks on its character and its peculiar excellencies, iv. 223.

Brief

view of the annals of that assembly, in order to prove that an addition to the number of
members would be in conformity with the spirit of the British constitution, v. 262. 266.
(For further information, see Parliamentary Reform.)
Hume; remarks on his character as an historian, ii. 401.
On the causes which influenced his political opinions, 305.
of his reasoning against the existence of matter, 357.
Humour in what it consists in writing; Shakspeare, Swift,
celled in it, ii. 454.

Hungarian Poets, specimens of, i. 256.

I.

On his scepticism, iii. 304.
Dr. Brown's misconception

Sterne, and Cervantes ex-

256.

Imagery; its powerful effect in poetry, ii. 255. Employed unconsciously by poets,
Ireland; the education of the Irish poor, iii. 467. Number of, stated to be in a course
of instruction, and in what manner educated, 468. Expense to the nation for the
support of, 469. In what manner expended, 470. 472. Upon whom the charge of
providing for the instruction of the poor devolves, 473. Causes of the want of success
in the plans heretofore pursued, 476. Review of existing institutions for education
in Ireland, 477.480. Objections of Roman Catholics to the plans now in operation
considered, 481, 482. The question discussed, whether there should be an enforced
reading of the Scriptures by Roman Catholic children, 482. Best plan for the edu-
cation of, 483. Irishmen treated as bondsmen ever since their connexion with Eng-
land, v. 195. Enormous increase of the Irish Bishops, and monstrous abuses of the
Irish Church Establishment, 307. 313. System of tithes, 313. Effects of the mi-
nute subdivision of land in Ireland, vi. 133-135. Appalling state of Ireland, how
occasioned; calls loudly for enquiry and redress, 334. The resource of governing
by the bayonet unavailable, 335. Investigation into the causes of the miseries and
discontent of Ireland, 336. Catholic disabilities, arguments for their removal, 337.
342. Defective state of the government and the magistracy, 343, 344. Venality and
corruption of the sub-sheriffs, 345. Necessity of appointing Lord Lieutenants to the
counties of Ireland, 345. Advantages of the constabulary, and bad effects of the yeo-
manry, an improper species of force for a divided country, 346. Reasons for abo-
lishing the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 347. The utility and absolute necessity of
reforming the Church Establishment and tithe system, 348. Economy of the Pres-
byterian Church, 348. Apology for the tithe system considered, 351. The argument
that tithe is the property of the Church, 352. Redress, ample and complete, the only
engine by which Ireland can be effectually governed, 353. Causes of the poverty of;
investigation to show on what the rate of wages depends, 354, 357. Population of Ire-
land, 355. Effects of the bounty acts of 1783, 1784; custom of gavelkind, and its in-
fluence, 359. No measure can have any material effect for the improvement of the
country, without an effectual check be given to the practice of subdividing farms, 360.
The law in Scotland respecting the letting of farms, 361. Proposed plan to prevent
subletting, 362, 363. Objections to it examined, 364, 365. Facility of creating free-
holders in Ireland, a growing evil, 366. The English poor-law system, its introduction
would consummate the ruin of, 367-369. State of Education in, 370, 371. Reforms
necessary in the commerce and revenue, 372. Objections to every scheme of grants of
money and bounties, 374.

Italy: sketch of its religious and political condition at the time Dante published his cele-
brated poem, ii. 68-71. Distinguished at the period when Machiavelli wrote, from the
neighbouring countries, by the importance which the population of the towns began
to acquire, ii. 79. By the development of free opinions, and by the cultivation of liter-
ature, 80, 81. State of knowledge and public prosperiiy in the age of Lorenzo the
Magnificent, 82.

Italian Novels, by what characterised, ii. 431. Chief aim of the writers of, 432.
Italian Poetry, character of, during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, i. 213.
Irving, Washington; in what the charm of his Bracebridge Hall consists, ii. 472. Objec-
tions to the author's sincerity answered, 472. The nature and tendency of his affabi-
lity, 473. The question considered, whether there should be any neutrals in great na-
tional contentions, 474. The good taste and national liberality of the writer com-
mended, 475.