impregnating the Germen of another flower, of a different species. These productions are called Hybrids or Mules, (and not being original species, are incapable of propagation. E.) (HYME'NIUM: the receptacle of the seeds, or, the surface in which the fructification is situated, particularly in the Fungi. E.) HYPOCRATERIFORMIS, salver-shaped. JAGGED (laciniatus) LEAVES; such as are variously divided into lobes, and these lobes again divided in an irregular manner. The Pansy is an instance. Pl. 7. f. 24. ICOSAN'DRIA, twenty-stamened; the name of the twelfth Class in the Linnæan System. IMBER'BIS, beardless. IMBRICA'TUS, tiled, or imbricated. (IMMERSED (immersus) growing entirely beneath the surface of the water, as certain Marine Algæ, &c. E.) IMPERFECT (imperfectus) flowers, such as want either Anther or Pistil, or both. INÆQUALIS, unequal. INA'NUS, pithy. INCA'NUS, hoary. INCH (pollex) see Measure. INCI'SUS, snipt. INCLI'NANS, leaning. INCLUDENS, inclosing. INCOMPLETUS, incomplete. INCOMPLETE (incompleti) FLOWERS: such as want either the cup or the blossom. The Tulip wants a cup: and the Nettle is without a blossom. INCRASSA'TUS, thickest upwards. INCUMBENT (incumbens) fixed by the side when applied to Anthers; leaning or resting against, when applied to Stamens: (also when the edges or borders of Cotyledons are applied to the curved radicle. E.) INCURVA'TUS, bowed inwards. INDENTED (sinuated, E.) (sinuatus) LEAF; the edges of an indented leaf are hollowed or deeply scolloped, the lobes standing asunder as if part of the leaf had been cut off. The leaf of the Oak or Turnip are familiar examples. See also Pl. 7. f. 25. INDISTINCT (obsoletus) not well defined. INDIVIDUAL (proprius) BLOSSOM: the blossom belonging to a single floret in a compound flower. Thus in Carrot, each floret is composed of five petals, which constitute the blossom of that individual floret. The individual blossoms in Tansy are all tubular; in Dandelion they are all long and strap-shaped. In Sunflower they are tubular in the centre, and strap-shaped in the circumference. Pl. 4. f. 21. f. 26. INDIVI'SUM, leaf undivided. INER'MIS, unarmed. INFERUS, beneath. INFLATED (inflatus) distended, like a blown up bladder. INFLATUS, bladder-shaped; or inflated. INFLEXIBLE, see Rigid. INFLEX'US, bent inwards; inflexed. (INFLORESCENTIA, mode of flowering, or manner in which flowers are situated: see the respective terms: also the Introduction. E.) INFUNDIBULIFORMIS, funnel-shaped. INTEGER, entire. INTEGERRIMUS, very entire. See Entire. (INTEGUMENT, cellular: a substance lying beneath the cuticle, therefore commonly compared to the rete mucosum of animals, but not answering thereto in its functions. It is the seat of colour, and forms the principal substance of leaves. E.) INTERNO'DIUM, the space between the joints. (INTERPETIOLA'RIS, between two foot-stalks. E.) (INTERMEDIATE; referring to a Cup, Calyx, or Perianth, surrounding the Germen about the middle. E.) INTERRUPTED (interruptus) broken in its regular form; as the spike of Wood Betony; the leaves of some species of Ladies' Finger. A spike may be interrupted by the intervention of leaves, or smaller sets of flowers, or by the naked stem appearing; a winged leaf may be interrupted by the intervention of smaller pairs or little leaves. Pl. 8. f. 55. INTOR'SIO, twisting. INTRAFOLIA'CEUS, within the leaves. INVERSELY-HEART-SHAPED, (obcordatus) with the point of the heart next to the stem; as the seed-vessel of Shepherd's Purse; the petals of Geranium or Marsh-mallow; and the leaves of some of the Trefoils. Pl. 8. f. 69. where each of the leafits is so shaped. INVOLUCELLUM, or partial Involucrum, is the Calyx surrounding the base of an Umbellule. Pl. 6. f. 9. (d. d. d. d.) INVOLUCRUM, OF FENCE, the Calyx of an Umbel. It is placed at some distance from the flowers (and by some considered a modification of the bractea, rather than a calyx. E.) It is either General or Partial. The Carrot furnishes instances of both. The General Involucrum is placed under the Umbel; the Partial under the Umbellules. Pl. 6. f. 9. (c. c.) (d. d. d. d.) (The Involucrum of Ferns is membranous, covering the masses of fructification, termed Sori. Sm. Gram. E.) INVOLU'TUS, rolled inwards. JOINTED (articulatus) STEM every one. Pl. 10. f. 3. ; a Wheat straw is an instance familiar to LEAVES; as in the Indian Fig. Pl. 9. f. 3. (a.) (ROOT, as that of Wood Sorrel. E.) Ju'GA, pairs; bi-juga, two pairs; tri-juga, three pairs; applied to the leafits of a compound leaf. (JUICE; (succus proprius ;) the peculiar juice of a plant, from which all the secretions are derived, is produced by the exposure of the sap to air and light as elaborated in the leaves. It is frequently colourless: in Spurge, a milky emulsion; in Celandine, yellow; in Bloody Dock, red; in White Poppy, white, changing to brown on exposure to air, (Opium ;) from the proper juice the secretions are formed, as oils, acids, and alkalies, resin, even silica (siliceous particles), &c. Mr. Thomson assures us that " the elementary principles of the proper juice, and of the sap, are the same, viz. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but differing in proportions; these same principles, differently modified, form all the secretions and the solid materials of the plant itself. Extraneous ingredients, as salts, oxyds, and earths, may probably be imbibed by the absorbents of the roots." E.) IRREGULAR (irregularis) a term applied to compound flowers wherein the florets are not uniform; as in Carrot and Coriander. BLOSSOM. See Regular. KEEL (carina) a name given to the lowermost petal in a butterflyshaped blossom, from its supposed resemblance to the keel of a ship; see the Introduction to the Class Diadelphia. See also pl. 4. f. 17. and f. 13. (d.) KEELED (carinatus) bent like the keel of a ship or boat; as the Style of the Pea; the Calyx of Canary Grass. Pl. 2. f. 10. (a. a.) KIDNEY-SHAPED (reniformis) as the seed of the French Bean, the anthers of Mallow; the leaves of Ground Ivy, Golden Saxifrage, and Meadowbout. Pl. 7. f. 9. KNEE-JOINTED (geniculatus) when a straw or stem is a little bent at the joints. Pl. 2. f. 21. the Awns. KNOB (capitulum.) See Head. KNOT (nodus) a joint; remarkable in the stems or straws of Grasses. LA'BIUM, lip. LA'CERUS, ragged. LACINIA, segments. LACINIA TUS, jagged. LACTESCENT (lactescens) abounding with milky juice. LACUNO'SUM, pitted. LEVIS, level; as a smooth even surface of a stalk or leaf, &c. (LAMELLA'TA, lamellated, in layers, or coats, as in a kind of root. E.) LAM'INA, a thin plate or border. LAMINATED (equitans) when the flat surfaces or leaves lie close one upon another. LA'NA, Wool. LANA'TUS, woolly. LANCEOLA'TUS, spear-shaped. LANCEOLATO-OVA'TUM, spear-egg-shaped. LANU'GO, soft wool, or down. LATERAL (lateralis) BRANCHES, growing from the sides of the stem; opposed to terminating. FLOWERS; those which grow from the sides of the stems or stalks; thus the spikes of flowers in the Common Speedwell grow on lateral fruit-stalks, or on fruit-stalks proceeding from the sides of the stem. LATTICED (cancellatus) open like lattice-work. LAX'US, limber or loose, in opposition to crowded or compact. LEAF (folium) the green leaves which are the lungs of plants, (absorbing the deleterious carbonic acid gas, decomposing it, adding the carbon as nourishment to the sap, and giving out again purified oxygen: (which process is to a certain extent reversed in the dark ;) and the organs of motion, in themselves pulpy and vascular; in form exceedingly variable: they receive the sap from the wood by one set of vessels, and expose it to the action of air, light, and heat, by their upper surface, while what is superfluous passes off by the under. The sap thus changed assumes peculiar flavours, odours, and other qualities, and is sent by another set of vessels into the bark, to which it adds a new layer every year internally, and another layer to the external part of the wood. Hence the concentric circles in trees, the number of which shows their age, and the breadth of each circle, the abundance and vigour of the foliage which formed it. Sm. Gram. E.) The leaf of a flower is called a petal. LEAFIT, leaflet, or little leaf (foliolum) one of the single leaves of a compound leaf. (LEAFLESS, wanting leaves; which deficiency in certain plants, as Dodder, Saltwort, &c. is compensated by the peculiarly succulent nature of their stems. E.) (LEAF-SCALE; see Stipula. E.) LEAF-STALK: (petiolus) the foot-stalk of a leaf. It supports the leaves but not the flowers. (It is usually channeled (canaliculatus) along the upper side; is either simple, as in all simple, and some compound leaves; or compound, either once, twice, or more: and sometimes, as in the Pea and Vetch tribe, ends in tendrils. Sm. Gram. E.) In the Great Periwinkle the leaf-stalks are very long. Pl. 9. f. 4. (a. b. c.) LEAFY (foliaceus) furnished with leaves. CALYX (auctus) when the base of a Calyx is surrounded by a series of leaves, different from those which form the Calyx. SEED; a seed that is surrounded by a thin leafy edge, as in Con's Madnep. LEATHER-LIKE (coriaceus) tough and pliable like leather; e. g. the Cup of Corn Cockle, and most of the plants in the fifth division of the twenty-fourth Class. LEGUMEN, or shell; a seed-vessel of two valves, wherein the seeds are fixed to one seam only; as in the Pea, and most of the plants in the fourth Order of the Class Diadelphia. It is not unusual in common language to call these Leguminous Plants. Pl. 5. f. 16. LENTICULARE, spherically convex on both sides: resembling the seed of a Lentil. LEPRO'SUS, rough like the skin of a leper, generally applied to express the ground or crust on which are formed the tubercles or saucers of the crustaceous Lichens. LEVEL (fastigiatus) when several branches or fruit-stalks grow to equal heights, so as to form a flat surface at the top; as in the flowers of Sweet William. (LI'BER, the innermost layer of the bark. E.) LID (operculum) a cover to the Capsules of several of the Mosses; as in Bogmoss. Pl. 1. f. D. (b.) LIGNO'SUS, Woody; (sometimes applied to stems which contain a large proportion of ligneous fibre. E.) LIGULA TUS, Strap-shaped, does not seem to differ from Linearis,* unless it is that the latter is applied to the leaves, &c. and the former used exclusively to petals. LIMB (limbus) the upper spreading part of a petal, in blossoms composed of more than one regular petal. Thus in Wall-flower, the upper flat broad part of the petal is called the limb; the lower slender part included within the cup is called the claw. Pl. 4. f. 11. (b. b. b. b.) f. 12. (a. a. a. a.) LIMBER (flaccidus) FRUIT-STALK, bending with the weight of its own flowers. LIM'BUS, the limb. LINE (linea) the breadth of the white part at the root of the middle LINEA'RI-CUNEIFOR'ME, strap-wedge-shaped. LINGUIFOR ME, or lingula'tum; tongue-shaped. } see Spear- LIP (labium) the upper or under division of a gaping blossom. The Dead-nettle and the greater part of the plants in the Class Didynamia furnish examples. See the Introduction to that Class. See also pl. 4. f. 8. f. 9. and f. 10. (LIRELLE; the black letter-like receptacles in the genus Opegrapha of Acharius. E.) LITTLE FRUIT-STALK (pedicellus) the little foot-stalk that supports an individual flower, when there are several flowers upon one common fruit-stalk. Pl. 6. f. 7. (a. a. a. a. a. a.) LOBED (lobatus) divided nearly half way down, into lobes which are convex at the edges and distant from each other; as the leaves of Ladies' Mantle and Water Elder. Pl. 7. f. 19. LOBE (lobum) the division of a lobed leaf; see Lobed. Lobes are rounded at the edges, and stand distant from each other. The leaves of Hop, Anemone, Hepatica, and Sycamore, furnish examples. Pl. 7. f. 17. f. 19. LOCULAMENTUM, a cell. LONG (longus) a cup is said to be long, when it is equal in length to the tube of the blossom. LOPPED (truncatus) appearing as if cut off with a pair of scissars; the * The BRITISH CRITIC says the terms ligulatus and linearis differ in this respect; the former is cut off at the top, and the latter is drawn to a point. |