LOCATION OF THE INTELLECTUALS.

117

See Clinton, Socrates and Franklin. When Comparison is small, and Causality large, the upper middle of the forehead will be flat, or even depressed; and the sides, where Causality is situated, will protrude like embryo horns. When Comparison is large, and Causality small, the forehead will fall off, and be narrow at its upper part, though the centre of the forehead will be comparatively prominent.

It should be remembered, that it is the peculiar form which the head assumes when certain organs are large or small, that enables us to judge of their size, much more frequently than mere prominences or depressions. Sometimes the whole of a particular region of the head is large, and then we of course infer that each of the individual organs is large which go to constitute that part of the head. In other instances, one organ will be large and prominent alone, while all its adjoining organs are small; and it requires considerable practice, to know the peculiar forms and appearances which organs assume, both when single and in combination.

There are certain forms of forehead that are undeservedly popular; owing to a misunderstanding of correct phrenological principles. For instance, those who are but little acquainted with phrenology, suppose that a forehead with prominent Reflectives, always indicates a profound mind; and the writings of phrenologians are certainly calculated to lead the inexperienced into this error;-but it should be remembered, that the Reflectives are of little use when not supported by the Perceptives; and if the organs in the lower part of the forehead, (the Lower Range of Perceptives,) are deficient, particularly if the important organ of Individuality is deficient, the upper organs will lack their appropriate stimulus; and the individual, though prone to reasoning, will be frequently mistaken in his conclusions, on account of his imperfect perception and recollection of facts. Ano

ther error is, to suppose that a sloping forehead indicates weakness of intellect; for the slope may be principally caused by the uncommon prominence of the Lower Range, and not by a deficiency of the Upper. The sloping forehead is found upon most of those men who have been successful in practical life. When however, the Lower Range is only medium, and the forehead slopes considerably, it may be justly deemed an evidence of a deficient intellect.

Another error is, to think a very high and wide forehead indicative of a great mind; for this will not prove true, unless it is equally remarkable for its prominence forward. The Intellectuals do not give uncommon expansion to the forehead, even when they are all very large; they only give fullness and length from the ear forward. The organs that give height to the forehead are 10th, 11th, and 12th, of the Social Propensities. Those that give it width, are VIII, X, and XI, of the Ipseals. These may be all very large, and the Intellectuals small, and consequently the forehead will be high and wide, but shallow; and the character will be eccentric, superstitious, fantastical and foolish.

It is not difficult for an experienced practitioner, to judge of the degree in which the expansion of a forehead is caused by the intellect, and how far it depends upon the surrounding propensities.

CHAPTER VII.

IPSEAL PROPENSITIES.

Excluding the new organs, which I shall presently introduce, I find this Class developed in the following order:

FIRST RANGE.

Alimentiveness.

Destructiveness.

Combativeness.

THIRD RANGE.

Constructiveness.

Acquisitiveness.

SECOND RANGE.

Secretiveness.

Cautiousness.

FOURTH RANGE.

Playfulness.
Perfectiveness.
Hopefulness.

All these Propensities were evidently bestowed for the benefit of the individual, without reference to society. The first, second, and third Ranges, produce those actions only which have for their object the nourishment, and preservation of self; but the fourth Range impels man to attend to his improvement, perfection, and future happiness.

*I wish to show that this classification does not depend upon the introduction of new organs, and have therefore purposely excluded them here, and introduced them afterwards-page 122.

A knowledge of the natural history of animals, in the present improved state to which the great Cuvier has brought it, would be highly useful to phrenological students, and enable them better to appreciate this arrangement of the Ipseals; but it is sufficient for our present purpose, to state, that the more perfect animals may be divided into the Carniverous, Herbiverous, and Rodentia; on account of the different modes in which they obtain their food; and that the first, second, and third Ranges of Ipseals, exactly correspond with this division of animals. The Carniverous animals are distinguished for the manifestation of the first Range, which may therefore be denominated the Carniverous Range; the Herbiverous animals for the manifestation of the second, which may be called the Herbiverous Range; and the Rodentia for the third, which may be named the Rodentia Range. The fourth is peculiar to man, and may therefore be denominated the Human Range.

We have already seen the important relation of Individuality to the Intellectuals, and have had abundant occasion to admire the beauty and simplicity of the arrangement, by which they expand outward and upward from it, like the branches of a tree from their parent trunk; but the arrangement of the Ipseals, their mutual relation, and their dependence upon Alimentiveness, is still more remarkable.

The propensity of Alimentiveness, at the foundation of the Ipseals, is manifested by all animals, however low or high in the scale of organization; and the Carniverous, Herbiverous, and Rodentia Ranges, are in reality only so many modes of ministering to its gratification; but the Human Range is more exalted above the bodily wants of the animal, and related to intellectual and moral advancement. These remarks will be better understood by the following arrangement:

CARNIVEROUS RANGE.

Alimentiveness.

Destructiveness.

Combativeness.

These are manifested in a powerful degree, by the animals that live entirely by the destruction of life, and are remarkable for their ferocity, such as the Tiger, Hyena, Catamount, Wolf, and all the cat and dog genus; and this range is very large in their heads.

HERBIVEROUS RANGE.

Alimentiveness.

Secretiveness.

Cautiousness.

This Range is manifested by animals that feed entirely upon vegetables, and are peaceable, timid, and gentle in their dispositions, such as the Deer, Sheep, Horse, Antelope, and Cow, and in their heads the Carniverous Range is small, and the second Range large, particularly Cautiousness; this is obvious from the narrowness of their heads at the base, compared to those of the Carnivora, and their fullness in the upper part, at the side, where Cautiousness is situated.

RODENTIA RANGE.

Alimentiveness.

Constructiveness.

Acquisitiveness.

This Range is peculiar to the animals that build receptacles for food, and acquire bark, nuts, &c. to gnaw during the winter; and it is from this gnawing propensity that they have received the name of Rodentia, or gnawers. The most remarkable of this genus are, the Beaver, Squirrel, Ham