that after a lapse of many years that occurrence should be so familiar to

me.

The characteristic peculiarity of the "Pilgrim's Progress" is, that it is the only work of its kind which possesses a strong human interest. Oh, my lord! must I then leave you? Earnestness, self-sacrifice, endurance, and benevolence, quicken and ennoble life. Daniel Boone, the pioneer of Kentucky, was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, in the month of February, 1735. The stranger asked what building was burned last night.

Christianity is the best foundation for good manners; and of two persons having equal knowledge of the world, the one who is the better Christian will be the person of the best manners.

Those evening bells! those evening bells!
How many a tale their music tells!

The angel's face,

As the great eye of heaven, shined bright,
And made a sunshine in the shady place.

By ceaseless action, all that is, subsists. The simplicity of his character inspired confidence, the ardor of his eloquence roused enthusiasm, and the gentleness of his manners invited friendship. I go to hear Rowland Hill because his ideas come red-hot from the heart.

No man contemplates with greater tenderness than we do, the frailties of Dr. Johnson; none respects more the sound parts of his moral system, or admires more the vigor of the elephantine step with which he sometimes tramples down insolent error and presumptuous sophistry; but let no young man who wishes to learn to write well, study his style.

Let the young aspirant after literary distinction who wishes to study a style which possesses the characteristic beauties of Addison's, its ease, simplicity, and elegance, with greater accuracy, point, and spirit, give his days and nights to the volumes of Irving.

How sleep the brave who sink to rest,
By all their country's wishes blest!
When Spring, with dewy fingers cold,
Returns to deck their hallowed mould,
She there shall dress a sweeter sod
Than Fancy's feet have ever trod.

By fairy hands their knell is rung;
By forms unseen their dirge is sung;
There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray,
To bless the turf that wraps their clay;
And Freedom shall awhile repair,
To dwell a weeping hermit there.

So live, that, when thy summons comes to join
The innumerable caravan, which moves

To that mysterious realm, where each shall take
His chamber in the silent halls of death,

Thou go not, like the quarry-slave at night,

Scourged to his dungeon, but, sustained and soothed
By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave
Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch

About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.

SYNTHESIS.

Synthesis is that division of Syntax which treats of the construction of sentences from words, according to principles called Rules of Syntax.

In Syntax, words relate to others, show relation between words, agree, govern, connect, depend, or are independent.

1. A word relates to another, when it is used to describe that word, or to limit or qualify its meaning.

Articles, adjectives, pronominal adjectives, and participles, relate principally to nouns or pronouns; and adverbs, to verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

2. A word shows relation, when it associates with some preceding word the idea expressed by the word which follows it.

Prepositions show the relation between nouns and pronouns principally and some preceding word.

3. A word agrees with another, when the two words are similar in one or more properties common to them.

Personal and relative pronouns, and verbs, agree principally with nouns or pronouns.

4. A word governs another, when the former determines the form or case of the latter.

Verbs, participles, and prepositions, govern other words, principally nouns or pronouns.

5. A word connects, when it unites words in the same construction, or when it unites parts of a sentence, or sentences.

Conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs connect.

6. A word depends upon another, when the former is used to complete the sense or application of the latter.

Verbs in the infinitive mode depend upon other words, principally upon verbs, adjectives, or nouns.

7. A word is independent, when it has no grammatical connection with any other word.

Interjections, certain adverbs, nouns, and sometimes other parts of speech, are independent.

RULES OF SYNTAX.

I. SUBJECT OF FINITE VERB.-A noun or a pronoun which is the subject of a finite verb, is in the nominative

case.

II. NOMINATIVE CASE INDEPENDENT.-A noun or a pronoun whose case does not depend upon its connection with any other word, is in the nominative case independent.

III. POSSESSIVE CASE.-A noun or a pronoun which limits the word used as the name of the thing possessed, is in the possessive case.

IV. OBJECTIVE CASE.-A noun or a pronoun which is the object of an action or of a relation, is in the objective case.

V. APPOSITION.—A noun or a pronoun used in apposition with another, is in the same case.

VI. SAME CASE AFTER VERB.-A noun or a pronoun placed after an intransitive verb, or a verb in the passive voice, and meaning the same person or thing as the noun or the pronoun preceding the verb, is in the same case.

VII. PERSONAL PRONOUNS.-A personal pronoun agrees with the noun which it represents, in number, person, and gender.

VIII. RELATIVE PRONOUNS.-A relative pronoun agrees with its antecedent in number, person, and gender.

IX. ARTICLES.-An article relates to the noun which it limits in meaning.

X. ADJECTIVES.-An adjective relates to the noun or the pronoun which it describes or limits.

XI. PRONOMINAL ADJECTIVES.-A pronominal adjective relates to the noun which it limits, or agrees with the noun which it represents, in number, person, and gender.

XII. AGREEMENT OF FINITE VERBS.-A finite verb agrees with its subject in number and person.

XIII. INFINITIVES.-A verb in the infinitive mode depends upon the word which it limits or completes in meaning.

XIV. PARTICIPLES.-A participle relates to the noun or the pronoun which it describes or limits.

XV. ADVERBS.-An adverb relates to the verb, the adjective, or the other adverb, which it qualifies.

XVI. PREPOSITIONS.-A preposition shows the relation between the noun or the pronoun which follows it, and some preceding word.

XVII. CONJUNCTIONS.-A conjunction connects words, the parts of a sentence, or the sentences, between which it is placed.

XVIII. INTERJECTIONS.-An interjection has no grammatical dependence upon any other word.

Rule I. Subject of Finite Verb.

A noun or a pronoun which is the subject of a finite verb, is in the nominative case.

NOTES.

1. The subject of a verb may be a verb in the infinitive mode, a part of a sentence, a sentence, or any word, used as a noun in the nominative case; as, "To sleep is refreshing."—"That the earth is round, was denied by the ancients.”—“Them is often incorrectly used for those."- 'Never despair,' is a good motto."

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2. Several nouns, pronouns, infinitives, phrases, or clauses, may be subjects of the same verb; as, “Wealth, fame, and happiness, were his.”—“ To walk humbly, to deal justly, and to show mercy, are required of all."

3. Nouns in the first, or in the second person, are never the subjects of finite verbs. (Rule V., Note 1.)

4. A noun and the pronoun representing it are sometimes improperly used as subjects of the same verb; as, "The sky it was obscured with clouds;"―omit it, and say, "The sky was obscured with clouds.”

5. Every nominative, except when used independently (Rule 2), or after the verb (Rule 6), or in apposition (Rule 5), is the subject of some verb mentioned or understood.

6. The subject is generally placed before the verb; as, "They never fail who die in a good cause."

The following instances are exceptions:

I. When a question is asked, without the use of an interrogative pronoun as the subject; as, “Where is he about whom you spoke?” II. When a verb in the imperative mode is used; as, "Depart (thou) in peace."

III. When a verb in the subjunctive mode is used without a conjunction mentioned; as, “Were wisdom to be had for the wishing, all would be wise."

IV. When a verb in the potential mode is used to express an earnest wish; as, "May peace and plenty abound within our borders."

V. When the adverb there is used before the verb; as, "There is one thing that happeneth to all men."

VI. When emphasis is used; as, “On rolled the tide of war."

VII. When words quoted are introduced or separated by the verbs say, answer, reply, etc.; as, “Truth,' said the soothsayer, ‘can neither be bought nor sold.""

VIII. In poetry; as, "From peak to peak.....leaps the live thunder.”