don the zoth of January, 1667; who, having long d clined marriage, and afpiring to great atchievements, unufual to her fex and age, on the 30th of June, 1690, on board a fire-fhip, in man's cloathing,-as a fecond Pallas, chafte and fearless,--fought valiently fix hours against the French, under the command of her brother. Snatch'd, alas! how foon, by fudden death, unhonour'd by a progeny, like himfelf, worthy to rule the main! Returned from the engagement, and, after fome few months, married to JOHN SPRAGG, Efq. with whom, for fixteen more, the lived moft amiably happy. At length, in childbed of a daughter, the encountered death 30th October, 1691. This monument, for a confort mot virtuous, and dearly loved, was erected by her husband." Beyond the town, on a fine ascent from the Thames, are the villas of Lord Cremove, and Lady Mary Coke; and, at Little Chelfea, in a houfe formerly occupied by the Earl of Shaftesbury, and fince by Mr. Serjeant Wynne, refided the juftly celebrated John Locke. See Laver. CHELSEA-HOSPITAL, for invalids in the land-fervice, was begun by Charles II, carried on by James II, and compleated by William III. The first projector of this magnificent ftructure was Sir Stephen Fox, grandfather to the Right Honourable Charles James Fox. "He could not bear," he faid, " to fee the common foldiers, who had fpent their ftrength in our fervice, reduced to beg ;" and to this humane project he contributed 13,000l. It was built by Sir Chriftoper Wren, on the fite of an old college, which had efcheated to the crown. The north front opens into a piece of ground laid out in walks; and that, facing the fouth, into a garden extending to the Thames. In the centre of this edifice is a pediment fupported by four Tufcan columns, over which is a turret. On one fide of the entrance is the chapel, and on the other the hall, where the penfioners dine. In this hall is the picture of Charles II, on horfeback. The altarpiece in the chapel is adorned with the Refurrection, painted by Ricci. The wings join the chapel and hall to the north, and are open on the Thames to the fouth. They are 360 feet in length, 80 in breadth, and three ftories high., A co lonnade ⚫lonnade extends along the fide of the hall and chapel; and, in the midst of the quadrangle, is the statue of Charles II. Two other large fquares adjoining contain apartments for the fervants of the house, for old maimed officers, and the infirmary. In the wings are fixteen wards, in which are accommodations for above 400 men. The penfioners confift of veterans, who have been at leaft twenty years in the army; or of difabled foldiers. They wear red coats lined with blue, and are provided with all other clothes, diet, wafhing, and lodging. The out-penfioners amount to upward of eight thoufand, and have each 71. 12s. 6d. a year. These great expences are fupported by a poundage deducted out of the pay of the army, with one day's pay once a year, from each officer and common foldier; and when there is any deficiency, by a fum voted by Parlia ment. In 1792, the fum voted was 173, 104l. 35. 11d. This hofpital, which coft 150,000l. is unquestionably a noble monument of national gratitude and humanity. It has been fuggefted, however, that if there were no fuch local eftablishment, the faving of the vaft expences incurred by it, would enable government to make a much more comfortable provifion for all our brave veterans as outpenfioners; who, in that cafe, inftead of being collected in an hofpital, far from the tender" charities of father, fon, and brother," might more happily spend the evening of life in the cottages of their families. CHERTSEY, a market town in Surry, 20 м. F. L. At this place, according to Camden, Julius Cæfar croffed the Thames when he first attempted the conqueft of Britain; but Mr. Gough, in his additions to the Britannia, has adduced feveral arguments in oppofition to this opi nion. Here was once an abbey, in which was depofited the corpfe of Henry VI, afterward removed to Windfor. Out of the ruins of this abbey, (all that remains of which is the outer wall of the circuit) Sir Henry Carew, mafter of the buck-hounds to Charles II, built a very fine house, which now belongs to Mr. Wefton; and on the fide of St. Anne's Hill, is the feat of the Right Hon. Charles James Fox. D 6 On this hill, which commands a beautiful profpect, is ftill ftanding a part of a stone wall, the remains of a chapel dedicated to St. Anne. Not far from this hill is Monk's Grove, near which was difcovered a once celebrated medicinal fpring. It was loft for a confiderable time, but has been found again. Chertfey bridge, a plain but handsome structure, was built in 1785, by Mr. Paine. It confifts of seven arches, each formed of the fegment of a circle, and is built of Purbeck ftone, at the expence of 13,000l. The original contract was for 7,500l. In 1773, in digging a vault, in the chancel of the church, for Sir Jofeph Mawbey, a leaden coffin was difcovered, containing the body of a woman in high prefervation. The face appeared perfectly frefh, and the lace of the linen feemed found. As the church was built with the abbey, in the time of the Saxons, it is fuppofed that the body must have been depofited there before the conqueft. To this village Cowley, the poet, retired; and here he ended his days in a houfe, called "the Porch House," now belonging to Alderman Clark. His ftudy is a clofet in the back part of the house, toward the garden. CHESHUNT, a village, once a market town, 13. M. F. L. in the road to Ware, is Gituated in an extenfive parish and manor, which have had many different proprietors fince they were first granted by the Conqueror to Alan the red, Earl of Richmond. They were once in the poffeffion of John of Gaunt, fourth fon of Edward III; afterward of Henry Fitzroy, duke of Richmond, natural fon of Henry VIII; and the prefent proprietor of the greatest part of it, is George Prefcot Efquire. This manor is divided into many fubordinate manors. That of St Andrew le Mot was granted by King Henry to Cardinal Wolfey, who is fuppofed to have refided in Chefhunt Houfe, a plain brick ftructure, almoft entirely rebuilt fince the time of the Cardinal, but still surrounded by a moat. It is, at prefent, uninhabited. The people here mention fome circumftances highly unfavourable to the character of his eminence, but which we do not think it it right to relate without better evidence than that of village tradition. His boundless ambition, rapacity, and oftentation, have fixed an odium on his memory, which it is unneceffary to heighten by the imputation of insatiable luft -and inhuman affaffination. This manor is now the property of Sir John Shaw, bart. Chefhunt Nunnery, the feat of Mrs. Blackwood, was poffeffed by the Benedictine order. A very fmall part of the nunnery remains, and that appears to have been built not long before the diffolution. The infide of it has been modernized, and is now used for a kitchen: the other parts of the house have been built at different times, but the apartments are modern and elegant. They contain an excellent collection of paintings; among which is a remarkable one by three different mafters,--the buildings, by Viviani; the figures, by Jean Mial; and the background, by Claude Lorrain. The grounds are difpofed with tafte and judgment; the river Lea forms a canal in the front of the house; and a beautiful vista is terminated by a view of the village of Waltham Abbey and the woodland hills of Effex. Near the entrance of this parish from Enfield, and at the corner of the road leading to Waltham Abbey, ftands Waltham Crofs, a beautiful piece of Gothic fculpture, now much decayed. It is one of thofe erected by the firft Edward, to the memory of his queen Eleanor, at every place where her hearse stopped. In former times an idea of peculiar fanctity was annexed to thefe croffes.. Thus Shakspeare: She doth ftray about MERCH. of VENICE. A& V. Sc. I. The authenticity of the Roman remains in this parifh is difputed; fome afferting, that the fuppofed vallum and foffe in Kilfmore Field, are nothing more than a cut originally intended for the New River; and that the fite of a druidical temple, with afcending paths correfponding to the four cardinal points, is a hillock on which formerly ftood a windmill. At At Chefhunt, Richard Cromwell, the Protector, pent many years of a venerable old age; a ftriking leffon, how much obfcurity and peace are to be preferred to all the fplendid infelicities of guilty ambition. He affumed the name of Clark, and first refided here in 1680, in a house near the church; and here he died, in 1712, in his 86th year; enjoying a good ftate of health to the laft, and fo hale and hearty, that, at fourfcore, he would gallop his horfe for many miles together. CHEVENING, a village, 21 M. F. L. in the road to Sevenoaks. Here was the family feat of the Lennards, Lords Dacre, from the reign of Henry VI, till Anne, Lady Dacre, widow of Richard Barret Lennard, Efq. fold it to James, firft Earl Stanhope. The prefent ftructure is a handsome modern one, fronted with ftucco. CHEYNEYS, between Flaunden and Rickmansworth, has been the feat of the Ruffels, now Dukes of Bedford, about 200 years, and is ftill their burying-place, adorned with noble monuments. CHIGWELL, a village in Effex, 10 M. F. L. on the road to Ongar. Here is a free-fchool endowed by Abp. Harfnett, who had been vicar of this place: he was buried in the church, and his grave-stone was adorned with his figure in brafs, as large as the life, dreffed in his robes, with his mitre and crofier. This, for the better prefervation of it, has lately been erected upon a pedestal in the chancel. In this village is the feat of Lady Abdy, and Rolls, the feat of Eliab Harvey, Efq. CHINKFORD, a village, near Woodford, fo agreeably fituated for retirement, that the most remote distance from the metropolis can hardly exceed it. CHIPPING ONGAR, a market-town in Effex, 21 M. F. L. fuppofed to have been a Roman ftation, because the church has many Roman bricks in the walls. It was the manor of Richard Lacy, who, being Protector of England, while Henry II was in Normandy, built the church; and also a castle, on an artificial mount, which still remains, and is ornamented at the top, by a handfome brick pleafure-house. Near this place is Mylefs, the feat of the late John |