OCTOBER.]

Literary Extracts.

RELIGION OF THE NEGROES.-The negroes, I believe, for the most part. are either Baptists or Methodists. They are poorly instructed, their religion taking the form of feeling more than of either knowledge or action. Many of their preachers are not able to read or write. Some are engaged in quite menial offices. We visited in a family where two clergymen resided, and where the man-servant, a strong, interesting looking negro, was also a brother of the cloth. His wife being cook to the family, felt herself rather aggrieved on Sundays, having not only to attend to the comforts of the preachers up-stairs, but to look after her own husband and minister below. Visiting a very old plantation near Richmond, an admirable specimen of the patriarchal management, where the family a very delightful one-and the negroes were on the happiest footing, we happened, in strolling through the garden, to observe a grave-looking negro, with a white streak here and there in his woolly head, weeding a bed of vegetables. Struck with his appearance, I asked something about him, and found that he was a Methodist preacher. Some are most excellent Christians. Their religion, no doubt, had not a little to do with their admirable behaviour during the war. That is a real testimony, and isolated facts cannot shake it

But there are odd anecdotes of some of them, exemplifying a kind of religion that is little controlled by the bead, and that has little control over the moral habits.-"America and the Americans," in the " Sunday Magazine."

POPE, JOHNSON, AND SAVAGE. It does not appear that these two men (Pope and Johnson), the most eminent writer of the generation which was going out, and the most eminent writer of the generation which was coming in, ever saw each other. Tey lived in very different circles, one surrounded by dukes and earls, the other by starving pamphleteers and index-makers. Among Johnson's associates at this time may be mentioned Boyse, who, when his shirts were pledged, scrawled Latin verses sitting up in bed with his arms through two holes in bis blanket; who composed very respectable sacred poetry when he was sober, and who was at last run over by a hackney coach when he was drunk; Hoole, surnamed the metaphysical tailor who, instead of attending to his measures, used to trace geometrical diagrams on the board where he sat cross-legged; and the penitent impostor, George Psalmanazar, who, after poring all day, in a humble lodging, on the folios of Jewish rabb's and Christian fathers, indulged himself at night with literary and theological conversation at an alehouse in the City. But the most remarkable of the persons with whom at this time Johnson consorted was Richard Savage, an earl's son, a shoemaker's apprentice, who had seen life in all its forms-who had feasted among blue ribands in Saint James's Square, and had lain with fifty pounds' weight of iron on his legs in the condemned ward of Newgate. This man had, after many vicissitudes of fortune, sunk at last into abject and hopeless poverty. His pen had failed him. His patrons had been taken away by death, or estranged by the riotous profusion with which he squandered their bounty, and the ungrateful insolence with which he rejected their advice. He now lived by begging. He dined on venison and champagne whenever he had been so fortunate as to borrow a guinea. If his questing had been unsuccessful, he appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of broken meat, and laid down to rest under the Piazza of Covent Garden in warm weather, and in cold weather as near as he could get to the furnace of a glass-house. Yet, in his misery, he was still an agreeable companion. He had an inexhaustible store of anecdotes about that gay and brilliant world from which he He had observed the great men of both was now an outcast. parties in hours of careless relaxation, had seen the leaders of opposition without the mask of patriotism, and had heard the Prime Minister roar with laughter and tell stories not over decent. During some months Savage lived in the closest familiarity with Johnson; and then the friends parted, not without tears. Johnson remained in London to drudge for Cave. Savage went to the West of England, lived there as be had lived everywhere, and in 1743 died, penniless and heartbroken, in Bristol gaol. Soon after his death, while the public curiosity was strongly excited about his extraordinary character, and his not less extraordinary adventures, a life of him appeared widely different from the catchpenny lives of eminent men which were then a staple article of manufacture in Grub Street. The style was indeed deficient in ease and variety; and the writer was evidently too partial to the Latin element of our language. But the little work, with all its faults, was a masterpiece. No finer specimen of literary biography existed in any language, living or dead; and a discerning critic might have confidently predicted that the

author was destined to be the founder of a new 'school of English eloquence. The life of Savage was anonymous; but it was well known in literary circles that Johnson was the writer." Samuel Johnson," in the "Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay. New Edition."

M. GAMBETTA.- At college he was regarded by his tutors as rather eccentric; but he worked hard, though somewhat irregularly. His disposition even then was vehement and selfreliant; he insisted very much on his personal independence, and was fond of solitude, probably because he found few to sympathise with his views. Ultimately he went to Paris, studied the law, and was called to the bar as the secretary of M. Crémieux, who conceived so great a regard for him that he always called him his son, and predicted that his future would be brilliant. In Parliament he distinguished himself by the warmth with which he defended republican principles; and the Revolution of September, 1870, brought him prominent y forward. An American writer, describing his personal ap pearance, says that "he has a masculine and intellectal head, solidly embedded in a stalwart pair of shoulders. H frame is thick-set and muscular, his walk brisk and firm, and his speech rapid and energetic. His voice, which never seems to tire, is sometimes full of cadence, sometimes stunning in its intonations. His countenance is a very attractive, and a sympathetic combination of Italian delicacy and Gascon vigour, full of mingled thoughtfulness and audacity, frankness and haughtiness. His nose is straight and regular, with strongy marked nostrils, broadly dilated; and his mouth is none the worse for a strongly disdainful lip, that is sometimes brightened by a hearty laugh of Rabelaisian inirth." Nature seems to have largely qualified M. Gambetta for the part of dema agitator which it was his ambition to play.-History of the War.

WHY MOURN?

THE golden grain

Is ripened unto death;
And Summer's leaves
Must fall with Autumn's breath

For all things die :
Behold, the marble urn

That shrines our dust
Shall crumble in its turn.

We mourn the young;
They perish as the flowers,
Whose petals scarce
Have kissed life's rosy hours.

We mourn the old,
Who vanish from our sight

As Summer days,

That fade in lengthened light.

A selfish grief;
They fall not as the leaves,
But ripened grain,
And angels bind the sheaves.

An angel friend,
Whose years were as a crown,
But yester-night

Unto the grave went down.
As sinks the sun,
Low-curtained in the West,
Its journey done,

So went he to his rest!

No warring strife; And when had ceased his breath, It was not Life

You scarce could call it Death

The lines that Time Upon the brow had traced, Death's gentle hand With kindly touch effaced.

So calm-so still

The peace that veiled the dead!
Were Death not mute,
Those parted lips had said—

"O ye that mourn,

A selfish grief ye give;
Restrain your tears,

To pour for those that live!"

The Garden.

THE LILY.

THIS most comprehensive genus is a general favourite; and although there are more than fifty species and numberless varieties, there is not one that is unworthy of a place in the garden.

Unlike some families that descend to the most insignificant weeds, it has not a shabby member belonging to it; for although not all rich and gaudy alike, they are all beautiful. The most familiar are the tall white and orange lilies, that may be seen in hundreds of cottage gardens, and the matagons, which are as often called "Turk's cap." We have some varieties from Japan, which can best be described by saying the ground is of pearl set all over with rubies in some, and amethysts in others.

The colours are small knobs, and vary in shade in different kinds, from pale rose to bright scarlet and rich purple, crimson, and litac; and until we were familiar with them, they seem more like manufactured than real flowers.

These are not quite hardy, although the late Mr. Groom cultivated them in the open ground, merely covering the bed with a little broken straw during the very bad weather.

All the principal lilies have soft, scaly bulbs, and, therefore ought not to be exposed to the air. When the leaves die down the roots may be taken up and be separated, for they increase rather fast.

It

The orange, white, and matagon lilies are perfectly hardy, and when once planted may be left to increase for years. is quite common to see patches of ten or a dozen throwing up their tall stems and bunches of flowers in cottage gardens.

The Japan varieties are grown in pots, chiefly for the convenience of removing them to the house when in flower, and also that they may be protected from sun, wind, and heavy falls of rain.

They should, for effect, be planted about three in a pot, which should be ten inches across; and the soil should be equal quantities of loam, peat, and dung, perfectly rotted. The peat should be chopped up into small pieces, but not sitted. Cover them with two inches of the mould, and let this potting be done as soon as you can get the roots, for if they are taken up one day, cleaned and potted the next, it is not

too soon.

As soon, therefore, as they are to be had, procure the bulbs, pot them, and place them anywhere out of the reach of frost. We put them under the stage of the greenhouse, but they would be safe in any part of the dwelling-house, or even in a cupboard or cellar, till they peep above ground.

They must then have all the light and air you can give them. They may stand out-of-doors all the summer, and must never be allowed to get dry.

When they swell their buds they must be protected overhead; hailstorms would ruin the flower, for every stone that strikes them leaves its mark, and it grows into a serious blemish.

canvas,

It is a very common practice to make a temporary roof of and place the pots under that, for it prevents a heavy fall of rain from damaging the flowers, and is a protection against slight falling frosts.

When these are left in a greenhouse, instead of under canvas, or if they are grown in the dwelling-house, the flowers do not come worse, but the plant grows taller.

The seed should be sown in pans placed in a greenhouse or cold frame, carefully tended with the watering-pot, and if not sown too thick allowed to stand the first year. They may be taken up when the foliage decays, and put singly into fourinch pots, and the year after into six-inch pots, where they may bloom.

SEASONABLE HINTS.

Gardens are now losing some of their summer beauties. but there are still others to look at: the dahlias are in good order, the scarlet geraniums and verbenas are still attractive objects; and all you have to do as the annuals die off is to continue filling their places with chrysanthemums.

:

The dahlia-growers now dread moonlight nights, for they strongly indicate frost; the enthusiast, however near the moon approaches the full, never wants to see her face and it is a curious fact, which the cultivators of these flowers notice, that if they escape frost one full moon in September, they mostly goon without it till they get near the next.

We have still to work at weeding, digging, or trenching the round, where the crops are off, and leaving it rough or in ridges if not to be cropped.

if

Perennials that are large enough may be planted out; and you have any very choice greenhouse plant in the borders, ot it up while it is safe.

Mit and Humour.

"FALL OUT," the last order volunteers should obey.

A FINE woman, like a locomotive, draws a train after her, scatters the sparks, and transports the mails. WHY are poets like children's toys?

They are given to

a muse (amuse) and indulge in fancy (infancy). AT a town meeting in Ireland, it was recently voted "that all persons in the town owning dogs shall be muzzled." SHERIDAN, having been asked what wine he liked best, replie 1, The wine of other people."

A MAN in love has very little need of victuals. So, if your landlady doesn't give you enough to eat, fall in love with her. WHATEVER IS voted on in a female convention is probably either carried or defeated by a handsome majority.

THE poet who tried to render a piece of poor prose into rhyme, did all he could to "make a bad matter - verse.' WEDLOCK has been compared to bird cages; the birds without peck to get in, and those within sometimes peck to get out. A COUPLE of sailors were recently arrested for throwing buckets of tar over each other. It was a pitch-battle.

COLD in the head isn't half so common as cold in the heart, but it is a great deal oftener complained of.

QUILLS are things that are sometimes taken from the pinions of one goose to spread the opinions of another.

WHY are pimples on a drunkard's face like the cuts in a witty contemporary? Because they are illustrations of Punch.

A GENTLEMAN having a musical sister, being asked what branch she excelled in, declared that the piano was her forte.

A FRENCH bonnet-maker told a customer who complained of the price demanded for a new bonnet. "Consider, madam, it cost me three sleepless nights merely to imagine it."

"How could you manage to contract so many debts?" said B. to C. "By always enlarging them," was the ready

WHY is it impossible for a watch that indicates the smaller division of time ever to be new? Because it must always be a second-hand one.

WHY is a child reading his alphabet, and saying K instead of L, like the air we breathe? Because it is an L he meant (element).

IT is said that the Japanese consider our ladies lacking in refinement. They think the pretty creatures need a little Japan polish.

THE "Idler," the "Lounger," the "Spectator," the "Rambler," and the "Tatler," are all classical works, but many a fellow is all those characters in one-and yet no student at all.

A TEACHER explaining to a little girl how lobsters cast their shells, said, "What do you do when you have outgrown your clothes? You throw them aside, don't you?" "Oh no," replied the little one, we let out the tucks!" "I NEVER complained of my condition," says the Persian poot Sadi," but once, when my feet were bare, and I had no money to buy shoes; but I met a man without feet and became contented with my lot."

"I SAY, Jim," said a ploughman, the other day, to his companion, "I know of a new-fashioned Mackinto-h to keep out the wet." "What is that?" "Why, if you eat a red-herring in the morning, for breakfast, you'll be dry all the day." "ONE word more, and I have done How we dread to bear this sentence from the lips of a speaker at public meetings! It is always a sure indication that he is bracing up for a fresh

start.

"

Ir is a common saying of moralists that the lower order of animals have not the vices of man, yet it is certain that some of the insects are back-biters, and all of the quadrupeds talebearers.

A LECTURER, addressing a mechanics' institute, contended, with tiresome prolixity, that "Art could not improve Nature," until one of the audience, losing all patience, set the room in a roar by exclaiming, "How would you look without your wig?"

"JEANNIE," said a Cameronian to his daughter, who was asking his consent to accompany her urgent and favoured suitor to the altar-Jeannie, it's a vary solemn thing to get married." "I know it, father," replied the sensible damsel, "but it's a great deal solemner not to."

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