develop the type," and for that purpose resorted to the mating of animals very closely related. He put Queen

Mother to Monarch 44, bred by Mr Fullerton, and acquired by Mr M'Combie shortly after the Ardovie sale in 1844. Queen Mother, as we have already mentioned, was after Panmure 51, and Monarch was not only a son of Panmure, but also out of Julia 671, a daughter of Panmure. Moreover, Julia was out of Susanna, a daughter of Captain 97 and Black Meg 766. From this mating of Queen Mother and Monarch came, in 1847, the heifer calf Lola Montes 208, while another mating of Queen Mother and Monarch resulted, in 1849, in the production of Bloomer 201. Mr M'Combie then slightly varied his system, only, however, in the direction of still greater concentration of blood. Queen Mother was, in 1849, put to Victor 46. Victor was a son of Monarch 44, and out of Jean Ann 206, a full sister of Queen Mother 348. Thus Queen Mother, Monarch, and Jean Ann were all by Panmure. Those acquainted with such matters. will recognise that, by these alliances, the blood of Panmure was nearly as much concentrated in the Tillyfour herd as was that of Favourite 252 in the early Shorthorn pedigrees of Charles and Robert Colling. There was certainly no degeneracy in the produce of this very close cross between Victor and Queen Mother, for the cow Windsor 202, who resulted from it, was one of the most handsome as well as one of the best breeding animals at Tilly four. Notwithstanding her excellence, however, Mr M'Combie evidently thought he had gone. far enough in the direction of in-breeding.

In fact, it would appear as if he had considered that he had gone too far, because, instead of, as might have been expected, following up the use of Monarch and Victor on the closely bred Panmure cows with a slightly diluted out-cross, he next introduced into his herd a bull that, so far as the Herd Book' shows, had no connection with

his own stock. This was the celebrated Angus 45, bred by Mr Watson, Keillor, after Old Jock 1, and out of Old Favourite. In taking this step, Mr M'Combie proved, what was frequently manifested in his career as a breeder, that he was not influenced by jealousy of any rival. When he discovered a really good and pure-bred animal, he did not care, provided it suited his purpose, in whose herd it had been produced, but bought it if he happened to be in want of it. Mr M'Combie had already "developed the type" of his Queen tribe, and had proved its excellence by its capacity to produce within itself such stock as Lola Montes, Bloomer, and Windsor. He could therefore afford to disregard any suggestions that he was in danger of compromising his reputation as a breeder by going to Keillor for a stock sire. Angus joined the Tillyfour herd in 1848, having been bought at Mr Watson's sale that year for the comparatively small sum of £36. In our notice of the Keillor herd we quote the opinion of the judges at the Highland Society's show at Edinburgh in 1848 as to the merits of Angus, who there won the first prize, Mr M'Combie's Victor being second. Angus was used for a considerable time at Tilly four, but it is a singular fact that only three calves after him, and out of cows descended from Queen Mother, are entered in the 'Herd Book.' These were-Charlotte 203, out of Lola Montes; The Belle 205, out of Bloomer; and Beauty of Morlich 2072, out of Windsor 202. It is from Lola Montes's calf Charlotte that the most valued branch of the Queen tribe has sprung. Charlotte, who was considered. one of the best cows bred at Tillyfour, had a most distinguished show-yard career, on which we will only remark here that her winnings included first prizes at the Highland Society's show, and at the Paris Exhibition in 1856.

Angus was succeeded at Tilly four in 1854 by Hanton 228, purchased from his breeder, Mr Bowie, Mains of Kelly, for £105, after he had gained the first prize of

the Highland Society at Berwick. Hanton was got by Pat 29, bred by Mr Watson, Keillor (a son of Old Jock 1 and Favourite 2), and out of Lizzie 227, whose sire, Spencer's Son 154, was a grandson of Panmure 51. Mr M'Combie in using him, therefore, was able, at the same time that he continued the blood of Angus 45, to infuse more of the Panmure blood among his stock. Hanton got a great many excellent calves, and he was used with especial success on the Angus 45 cows, the most noteworthy produce being Charlotte's three daughters-the invincible Pride of Aberdeen 581, Empress of France 578, and Daisy of Tillyfour 1165.

It is very instructive and interesting to observe Mr M'Combie's next step in breeding. Hanton gave a diluted reinfusion of Panmure blood, and so satisfied does Mr M'Combie seem to have been with the result, that he altered in practice the principle he had laid downthat in-and-in breeding should be abandoned after the type is developed. We have stated that the cow Windsor 202 was the closest of the in-bred daughters of Queen Mother. Mr M'Combie bred from her in 1856 the splendid bull Windsor 221, after Hanton 228. He was not then in need of a stock sire, Hanton being still in use, so Windsor 221 was sold to Mr Brown, Westertown. In 1858 the cow Windsor 202 calved, to Hanton, Rob Roy Macgregor 267, and this full brother of Windsor 221 was the animal Mr M'Combie selected to succeed Hanton. It will have been gathered from our remarks that Rob Roy Macgregor had not the violent Angus 45 cross. He was used in the herd with much success, and was followed by his son Black Prince of Tilly four 366, who was out of Maid of Orleans 580 (a daughter of Bloomer 201 and Hanton), and also without the Angus 45 cross. We believe Black Prince of Tillyfour to have been one of the most impressive bulls bred by Mr M'Combie. By the successive use of Hanton, his son, Rob Roy Macgregor and Roy Roy Macgregor's son, Black

Prince of Tillyfour, Mr M'Combie had again gone as far in the direction of line breeding as his opinions on the subject would permit him; and he then thought it advisable to have some more fresh blood.

Mr M'Combie's next choice of a sire was in every respect most judicious. He attended the Kinnaird sale in 1861, and purchased the bull calf Don Fernando 514, bred by the Earl of Southesk. Don Fernando was a son of Windsor 221, of Mr M'Combie's own breeding, and his dam, Dulcinea 334, was out of the Keillor cow Dora 333, her sire Cup-Bearer 59, going back to the Keillor and Ardovie blood, so skilfully blended at Mains of Kelly. As a successor to Don Fernando, Mr M'Combie bought President 4th 368, bred by Mr Leslie, The Thorn. His show-yard achievements alone-he having been first prize yearling and two-year-old at Highland Society's showswould have entitled him to a place at Tillyfour, but in addition to that, his breeding was very fine. An analysis of his pedigree discloses a strong infusion of Panmure and Ardovie blood, mixed with Keillor strains. Bright 454, after Black Prince of Tillyfour 366, and out of Mr Collie's Normahal, was next used. In Mr M Combie's subsequent selection of sires there was not perhaps quite so much method displayed, although most of the bulls were more or less intimately connected with the Panmure and Queen sorts. It should be borne in mind that it was in 1868 that Mr M'Combie was chosen to represent his native county in Parliament, and during the time he occupied a seat in the Legislature of the country-from 1868 to 1876, when he retired he was necessarily unable to exercise so much personal supervision as formerly over the management of his herd.

It will be convenient and useful to introduce here a table showing the principal descendants of Queen Mother 348, discontinuing the list with the names of animals that have formed families, and noting the lines. that are without living female representatives :