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by Mr Morison of Bognie. Heather Blossom 1703, of the Rothiemay Victoria family, was bought as a yearling by Mr Hannay, Gavenwood, for 30 guineas, her dam Heather Bloom 1809 being secured by Mr M'Combie of Tilly four for 54 guineas. A few weeks later-in November 1872-the Rothiemay average was exceeded by over £3 at the draft sale at Ballindalloch. The highest price, 60 guineas, was given by the Earl of Fife for Erica 4th 1697, of the Erica family. At the Drumin sale in 1873, an average of over £40 was realized, Lord Huntly taking Gem 1595, of the Pride family, for 70 guineas, and Beauty 959, of the Beauty family, for 60 guineas. At Portlethen in 1874, Lord Huntly bought the famous cow Madge 1217 for 51 guineas.

The transactions at subsequent sales enter closely into the current history of the breed, and will be found detailed in the notices of the various herds. We may just note the outstanding features. The highest price paid for a polled animal at a public sale up to the date of its occurrence was got at the Westertown dispersion in 1874, when Lord Huntly gave 95 guineas for the bull Duke of Perth 357. The Mulben dispersion in 1876 was probably the first occasion when there was a decided run by breeders upon members of a particular family, four females of the Pride of Aberdeen family averaging over £68, while the general average of the sale was £32. High averages were obtained at the Ballindalloch and Drumin sales that year. At the Tullochallum dispersion in 1877, the Erica cow Miss Macpherson 1252 brought 90 guineas. The Erica cow Erica 4th 1697 made 101 guineas at the Corskie sale. Heather Blossom 1703 fetched 111 guineas; Warrior 1291, 155 guineas; and Sir Wilfrid, 100 guineas, this being the first sale of polled cattle at which prices went into the "three figures." At the Montcoffer sale in 1878, the Erica bull Young Viscount 736 was bought by Sir George Macpherson Grant for

225 guineas, the highest price ever paid for a polled bull at a public sale. The Tillyfour dispersion in 1880 realized an average of £48, 1s. 6d., and the highest price that has been paid for a polled animal was obtained for Pride of Aberdeen 9th 3253, purchased by Mr Auld, Bridgend, for 270 guineas. Ten females of the Pride of Aberdeen family averaged at Tilly four £86, 16s. Sd.; three Charmers £88, 18., twenty-eight males and females of the Queen tribe averaging over £65. The dispersion of the Balquharn herd (Mr Adamson's) in 1881 resulted in an average of £56, 4s. 8d., the highest on record for the breed. Pride of Mulben 3rd 3249 fetched 225 guineas from Lord Tweedmouth, and the Baads Sybil cow Sybil 2nd 3526, 180 guineas from Lord Southesk. Eleven of the Pride family of all ages and sexes averaged nearly £100. At the Aboyne dispersion in 1881, the average was £50, 6s. At the Rothiemay sale in 1881 the cow Kate Duff 1837, of Mr Tayler's Georgina family, made 155 guineas.

In notices of several herds will be found references to the chief private transactions in polled cattle. Perhaps the most important event of the kind was the large sale made by Mr Hannay of Gavenwood, to Mr Bruce, Great Smeaton, the amount being between £2000 and £3000. Mr Wilken, Waterside of Forbes, who has exported many cattle to America during the last year, kindly supplies us with a note of the range of prices. For yearling heifers the prices have ranged from 30 guineas to 100 guineas; for two-year-old heifers from 45 guineas to 100 guineas; for cows from 44 guineas to 200 guineas, several having gone at from 100 guineas to 150 guineas. Yearling bulls have been bought at from 25 guineas to 40 guineas for ranche purposes; yearling bulls for herds at from 45 guineas to 100 guineas; two-year-old bulls (only a few) at from 65 guineas to 120 guineas. No bulls over two years old have been exported by Mr Wilken. A cow was sold to an English breeder at 150 guineas.

As illustrative of the rise in price of males of the breed, we may note that while 31 young bulls were sold at the Aberdeen joint sale, in the spring of 1879, at an average of £19, 18s. 7d., 81 were sold in the spring of 1882 at an average of £31, 8s. 10d.

The following list of average prices, &c., at eighty-two public sales, shows the range in value of polled cattle over a period of more than thirty years:

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54.

Foreign demand for, 87.
Heavy yield of beef, 83.
High value of crosses, 85.
Improvement of, 45, 48, 79.
Do., in Aberdeenshire, 60.
Improvers of, in Aberdeenshire, 65.
In show-yards, 393.
Increase in price of, 87, 453.
Indigenous to north-east of Scot-
land, 27.

Minute description of, 78.

Origin of, 26, 33, 38, 44.
Roundness of form, 79.
Scurs in, 76.

Their adaptation for crossing with
Shorthorns, 84.

Their early maturing properties, 85.
Their milking properties, 87.

Do., Lord Airlie on, 87.
Their superior quality of beef, 83.
Their symmetry of form, 78.
Value of bullocks, 86.

Victories in Smithfield, 85.
Weight of bullocks, 86, 382.
Youatt on, 32, 36.

Aberdeenshire, Dr Keith's survey of,
34-Galloways in, 36, 39-polled
cattle in, 29, 33.

Aboriginal cattle in Scotland, 25-
provided with horns, 11.

Agricultural societies and the improve-
ment of polled cattle, 67.

Angus, polled cattle in, 29, 44.
Ayrshire cattle, 26.

Banffshire, polled cattle in, 29, 66.
Bison, 35.

Bos frontosus, 2.

longifrons, 2, 4, 9.
taurus, 6, 8.
trochoceros, 2.

urus, 2-9.

Breeding, principles of, 390-selection
in, 14-in ancient nations, 16.
British cattle, origin of, 7-9, 25.
Buchan, polled cattle in, 33, 34, 36.

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