Imagens das páginas
PDF
ePub

will be that of two planes, one tangential to each cylinder in the proposed point. Let the point n, n', for example, be

[graphic][subsumed]

the intersection of two generatrixes, cutting the bases of the cylinders in m, m' and p,p'. Draw mq, pq tangents to these bases at m and p. These tangents will be the horizontal traces of the planes tangential to the cylinders in the two generatrixes through n; the line nq, therefore, drawn through n and q, the point common to these two traces, will be the horizontal projection of the intersection of the tangential planes, or will be that of the tangent sought; q' in

xy will be the vertical projection of q, and n'q' therefore that of the same tangent.

Of two cylinders which intersect, one may either entirely pass through the other, in which case there will be two curves of intersection, or a part only of the generatrixes of the one may meet the other cylindrical surface; when only one curve will be formed. The following construction will determine at once whether two given cylinders will intersect each other according to one or the other of these conditions.

Draw two tangents to the base of each cylinder parallel to bc. If both the tangents to either base cut the other, as rs, uv, the auxiliary planes, of which these lines are the traces, comprise between them the whole of the one solid, but only the portions of the second corresponding to the arcs sgz, tfe, and it is obvious that the first cylinder meets these two portions of surface, and traverses the space between them; in this case, therefore, there will be two curves of intersection.

But if each base be cut by one only of the tangents drawn to the other as is the case in the next fig.*; then the auxiliary planes passing through the tangents rs and uz comprise the portions of surface of both cylinders corresponding to the arcs ure and szt, and it is evident that these portions mutually meet; while the remaining or the exterior portions have no common point; in this case there will therefore be only one curve of intersection.

The constructions above described for determining whether the cylinders meet in two, or only in one continuous curve determine the generatrixes of each solid, which serve as limits to the curve of intersection. Thus in the first fig., the

* Refer to the former fig. for the letters of reference not inserted in the second.

curve in which the one cylinder enters the other is bounded by the generatrixes which pass through the points t and v, and the other curve by which the cylinder passes out is bounded by the generatrixes which pass through s and z.

[graphic][subsumed][subsumed]

In the above fig. the curve of intersection has for its limits on one of the cylinders the generatrixes through u and v, and on the other those which pass through s and t.

The general construction for determining the tangent to these curves, also proves that these generatrixes are tan

gents to the curve of intersection; thus for example, let one of the planes, tangential to one of the two cylinders, pass through the point r and the other through t. The former coincides with the auxiliary plane, the trace of which is rt; it accordingly intersects the second in the generatrix which passes through t; this therefore is a tangent to the curve of intersection. The projections of this generatrix are consequently tangents to that of the curve.

PROBLEM 2.

Intersection of two Cones.

52. A series of planes passing through the two vertices of the cones will cut their surfaces on straight lines, the intersections of which will be points in the curve sought. The tangent at any point of the curve will be the intersection of the planes tangential to the two cones.

Let the given cones be those represented in the figure, let that with the least base be called, for distinction, the "small," and the other the "great cone." Let c be the horizontal trace of the line ab, a'b' joining the vertices. The horizontal traces of all the auxiliary planes will pass through this point c. Draw the tangent cd, ce to the base of the small cone, which will cut that of the larger in f, g, h, and i. All the auxiliary planes, the horizontal traces of which as cm are comprised between these tangents, cut both cones and will determine points common to their surfaces; but those planes, of which the traces are external to these two tangents, cannot cut both surfaces.

Hence the intersection of these cones is composed of two parts*, one situated on that portion of the larger cone

* The conical surface, it must be remembered, consists of two parts, one on each side of the vertex; only one of these is shown in the figure.

corresponding to the arc frmg, and the other on that cor-. responding to the arc hi, but in the figure the constructions appertaining to the former are alone shown.

The points a, b are the horizontal projections of the vertexes, the lines ad and bf, ae and bg, are those of the generatrixes in which the cones are cut by the auxiliary planes which have cf, cg, for their horizontal traces, consequently the points t, u in which these respectively meet, will be the horizontal projections of two points in the curve of inter

« AnteriorContinuar »